Editing Models (band) (section)

==History==
===1977–1979: Early years===
In 1977 Melbourne school friends Sean Kelly and James Freud formed their first band, Spread, which was soon renamed Teenage Radio Stars. They recorded two tracks for Suicide records' ''Lethal Weapons'' compilation album (1978).

Singer and guitarist [[Sean Kelly (Australian musician)|Sean Kelly]] left in 1978 to form Models with bass guitarist Peter Sutcliffe (a.k.a. Pierre Voltaire and Pierre Sutcliffe, who won $503,000 in May 2014, on Australian TV quiz show ''[[Million Dollar Minute]]'')<ref name=quiz>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2014/05/500000-prize-won-on-million-dollar-minute.html |title=$500,000 prize won on Million Dollar Minute |last1=Knox |first1=David |date=5 May 2014 |website=TV Tonight |access-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> and [[Ash Wednesday (musician)|Ash Wednesday]] (formerly of [[JAB]] on keyboards, Sutcliffe and Janis Friedenfelds (a.k.a. Johnny Crash) on drums and percussion.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="ARDb"/> Models were more pop influenced than the earlier punk bands and had a wider appeal.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Howl"/> The initial version of the group did not stay together for long as, after six months, Sutcliffe was replaced on bass by Mark Ferrie (ex-Myriad). In August 1979, Wednesday was replaced by [[Andrew Duffield (musician)|Andrew Duffield]] from [[Whirlywirld]] on keyboards.<ref name="Howl"/><ref name="Howl2"/> Their first release in October 1979 was a give-away, shared single, "Early Morning Brain (It's Not Quite the Same as Sobriety)" backed with [[The Birthday Party (band)#The Boys Next Door|The Boys Next Door's]] "Scatterbrain".<ref name="McF"/><ref name="MemTV"/> Friction within the band led to their decision to break up in November 1978. However they rapidly reformed at the end of December when ex-[[The Easybeats]] members, [[Vanda & Young|Harry Vanda and George Young]], who were now record producers and songwriters, offered to cut some demos for them – <ref name="McF"/><ref name="Howl"/> Their second single, "Owe You Nothing" appeared in August 1980. Both singles were released on independent labels<ref name="ARDb"/><ref name="Mushroom"/> and did not chart on the Top 40 Australian singles chart according to the [[Kent Music Report]].<ref name="Kent"/>

===1980–1982: ''Alphabravocharliedeltaechofoxtrotgolf'' to ''Local and/or General''===
Models performed extensively both locally and interstate, supporting the [[Ramones]], [[The B-52's]], [[XTC]], [[The Vapors]] and [[Midnight Oil]] on national tours.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Mushroom"/> Rather than signing immediately, the group financed the recording of their first album to guarantee creative control. In November 1980, the Duffield, Ferrie, Friedenfelds and Kelly line-up released their first album, ''[[Alphabravocharliedeltaechofoxtrotgolf]]''.<ref name="ARDb"/> They then, under manager Adrian Barker, signed to [[Mushroom Records]] and, as a sign of its respect for the band, the label agreed not to release any singles from the album, which peaked at No.&nbsp;43 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart.<ref name="Kent"/> It was well received by audiences on the live [[Pub rock (Australia)|pub circuit]]. The group intended to record completely new material for their studio albums. Much of their earlier work was unreleased until 2002, when ''Models Melbourne'', a [[compilation album]] of live material, was released.<ref name="ARDb"/>

Models' early style was a spiky, distinctive blend of new wave, [[glam rock]], [[Dub music|dub]] and [[pop music|pop]]: which included Kelly's strangled singing voice, Duffield's virtuoso synthesiser performances (he used the [[EMS Synthi AKS]]), and the band's cryptic, slightly gruesome, lyrics (e.g., "Hans Stand: A War Record" from ''Alphabravocharliedeltaechofoxtrotgolf''), which were mostly written or co-written by Kelly.

Early in 1981, following a support slot for [[The Police]], the group signed an international deal with [[A&M Records]]. Friedenfelds was replaced on drums by [[Buster Stiggs|Mark Hough]] (a.k.a. Buster Stiggs) from New Zealand band [[The Swingers]] before recording commenced on their international label release.<ref name="ARDb"/><ref name="MilesSplitEnz"/> Friedenfields went on to play with [[Sacred Cowboys]], [[Beasts of Bourbon]], The Slaughterman and Tombstone Hands. The band went to England to record with producer, [[Stephen W Tayler|Stephen Tayler]] producing.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="ARDb"/> at Farmyard Studios, these tracks becoming the album ''Local and/or General''.

In June, demo sessions recorded earlier in Australia so impressed the band that they were released as a 10" mini album, ''[[Cut Lunch]]'' (July 1981), which was produced by [[Tony Cohen]] and Models except one by [[Split Enz]] keyboard player [[Eddie Rayner]].<ref name="McF"/><ref name="ARDb"/> ''Cut Lunch'' peaked at No.&nbsp;37 on the albums chart and at No.&nbsp;38 on the singles chart.<ref name="Kent"/> It included the whimsical pop tune, "Two Cabs to the Toucan".<ref name="McF"/>

In October, their second full-length album ''[[Local and/or General (album)|Local &/or General]]'', was released. ''Local and/or General'' peaked at No.&nbsp;30 and provided the single, "Local &/or General" in November, which did not chart.<ref name="Kent"/>

Both albums helped widen their audience nationally, thanks to regular radio exposure on [[Triple J]] in Sydney and on community stations in other cities, as well as national TV exposure through their innovative [[music video]]s on programs such as the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] (ABC-TV) pop music show ''[[Countdown (Australian TV series)|Countdown]]''.

During 1982, further line-up changes occurred with Ferrie and Hough leaving early in the year. Ferrie went on to form [[Sacred Cowboys]] with Garry Gray and Terry Doolan. He later (as of November 2010) became bass player in the ''[[RocKwiz]]'' house band on [[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS]] TV.<ref name="Beck"/> Hough became a graphic artist, art director and designer.<ref name="Hough"/> [[James Freud]] (ex-Teenage Radio Stars, James Freud & Berlin) joined the band on bass and vocals, with John Rowell on guitar and Graham Scott on drums (both ex-Curse).<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Howl"/> Kelly and Freud had been in high school bands which developed into Teenage Radio Stars.<ref name="McF"/> Freud had a solo hit single, "Modern Girl", which peaked at No.&nbsp;12 in 1980.<ref name="Kent"/> Rowell and Scott left Models in May 1982, with Duffield following.<ref name="McF"/> New Zealand drummer, Barton Price (ex-Crocodiles, [[Sardine v]]) joined.<ref name="McF"/> They recorded a single, "On", produced by veteran rocker, [[Lobby Loyde]], and released in August.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="ARDb"/> It had no mainstream chart success, but peaked at No.&nbsp;1 on the independent charts.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Kent"/> Gus Till (ex-[[Beargarden (band)|Beargarden]]) briefly joined on keyboards until Duffield rejoined in December.<ref name="McF"/> In 1982 they made a film, ''Pop Movie'', which featured animation and live footage of the band, it was screened on TV rock show, ''Nightmoves'', as well as at a few cinemas.<ref name="MemTV"/><ref name="Mushroom"/>

===1983–1985: ''The Pleasure of Your Company'' to ''Out of Mind, Out of Sight''===
Models' line-up of Duffield, Freud, Kelly and Price issued the highly regarded ''[[The Pleasure of your Company (album)|The Pleasure of Your Company]]'' in October 1983, produced by [[Nick Launay]].<ref name="McF"/><ref name="ARDb"/> Its big drum sound and dance-ability, reflected Launay's influence, and Freud's more radio-friendly voice made the album more accessible. The album was critically acclaimed and peaked at No.&nbsp;12, with the single "[[I Hear Motion]]" becoming a No.&nbsp;16 hit.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Kent"/> Duffield later explained that the song's distinctive keyboard part had been inspired by a riff from [[Stevie Wonder]]'s hit "[[Superstition (song)|Superstition]]". "I Hear Motion" was used on the soundtrack for the [[Yahoo Serious]] film ''[[Young Einstein]]'' (1988).<ref name="IMDb"/> The band released two other singles, "God Bless America" and "No Shoulders, No Head", but neither charted into the Top&nbsp;50.<ref name="Kent"/> The band supported [[David Bowie]] for the Australian leg of his [[Serious Moonlight Tour]] in November. Kelly and Duffield were invited to sing backing vocals on the [[INXS]] album, ''[[The Swing (INXS album)|The Swing]]''. The video for "God Bless America", from March 1984, featured backing singers [[Zan Abeyratne]] and [[Kate Ceberano]] (both members of [[I'm Talking]]).<ref name="MemTV"/> Kelly appeared ready to disband Models and was even rehearsing with a new band.<ref name="Howl"/> Mushroom Records convinced him to continue with Models and their next single, "Big on Love" produced by [[Reggie Lucas]], was released in November 1984 and peaked at No.&nbsp;24.<ref name="Howl"/><ref name="Kent"/>

Fellow Australian band INXS were fans of Models; their manager, [[Chris Murphy (manager)|Chris Murphy]] signed them to his MMA management company.<ref name="Howl"/> The group created a hybrid of their alternative roots with a more commercial sound and, under the influence of Murphy, they reassessed their direction and moved towards a more radio-friendly format.<ref name="Howl"/> By late 1984, Models relocated to Sydney and Duffield – with his crucial influence on the band's sound – was forced out by Murphy under acrimonious circumstances to be replaced by [[Roger Mason (musician)|Roger Mason]] (ex-James Freud's Berlin) on keyboards and [[James Valentine (journalist)|James Valentine]] on [[saxophone]].<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Howl"/> Duffield released a solo album, ''Ten Happy Fingers'' in 1986 on his own Retrograde Records label.<ref name="McF"/> For touring during 1983 to 1985, the group was regularly augmented by backing singers Abeyratne and Ceberano; and in 1985, Canadian-born singer [[Wendy Matthews]] joined.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Howl"/> Matthews and Kelly became a couple, remaining together for 11 years, and later founded the band [[Absent Friends (band)|Absent Friends]].<ref name="Talking"/>

In early 1985, Models started recording material for their next album, ''[[Out of Mind, Out of Sight (album)|Out of Mind, Out of Sight]]'', produced by Launay, Lucas and [[Mark Opitz]].<ref name="McF"/><ref name="ARDb"/> A single from the album, "Barbados", was released in March, which peaked at No.&nbsp;2.<ref name="Kent"/> It was a reggae influenced song co-written by Freud and Duffield (prior to his departure).<ref name="McF"/><ref name="APRA Barbados"/> The song related a tale of alcoholism and suicide, it later provided Freud with the titles of his two autobiographies, ''I Am the Voice Left from Drinking'' (2002) and ''I Am the Voice Left from Rehab'' (2007).<ref name="Drinking"/><ref name="Rehab"/> The video clip was influenced by the film, ''[[The Deer Hunter]]'', it included a cameo by [[Garry Gary Beers]] of INXS and was directed by [[Richard Lowenstein]].<ref name="MemTV"/>

On 13 July, Models performed four songs for the [[Oz for Africa]] concert (part of the global [[Live Aid]] program) – "Big on Love", "I Hear Motion", "Stormy Tonight", "[[Out of Mind, Out of Sight (song)|Out of Mind, Out of Sight]]". It was broadcast in Australia (on both [[Seven Network]] and [[Nine Network]]) and on [[MTV]] in the United States.<ref name="OzAfrica"/> Models went on a national tour with I'm Talking in July. In November, the band appeared on The Royal Variety Performance for [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Prince Charles]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess Diana]] – Rocking the Royals at the [[The Arts Centre (Melbourne)|Victoria State Arts Centre]].<ref name="Mushroom"/><ref name="Hutchence"/> The band released their most commercially successful work with the No.&nbsp;1 hit single "Out of Mind, Out of Sight" in June<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i.imgur.com/CDtb14e.png|title=Kent Music Report No 572 – 24 June 1985 > Singles: New Releases|publisher=Imgur.com (original document published by [[Kent Music Report]])|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> and the No.&nbsp;3 album ''Out of Mind, Out of Sight'' in August.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Kent"/> "Out of Mind, Out of Sight" was the only No.&nbsp;1 single on the Australian singles chart for 1985 by an Australian artist.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Kent"/> ([[Midnight Oil]]'s ''[[Species Deceases]]'' which peaked at No.&nbsp;1 on the singles charts in December 1985 was an [[Extended Play|EP]].)<ref name="Kent"/> For the album, Models were Freud, Kelly, Mason, Matthews, Price and Valentine with Zan Abeyratne, and her twin sister, [[Sherine Abeyratne]] ([[Big Pig]]) on backing vocals.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="ARDb"/>

"Cold Fever" released in October was their next single, which peaked into the Top&nbsp;40.<ref name="Kent"/> It was followed by a Christmas single, "King of Kings", which contains portions of a speech by [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], issued in December with all proceeds donated to the [[Salvation Army]],<ref name="MemTV"/><ref name="Mushroom"/> but it did not chart into the Top&nbsp;50.<ref name="Kent"/> In 1986, [[Geffen Records]] released ''Out of Mind, Out of Sight'' in the US and it appeared on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] albums chart,<ref name="BillA"/> with the single, "Out of Sight, Out of Mind", peaking at No.&nbsp;37 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] singles chart.<ref name="BillS"/> The band toured the US in November supporting [[Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark]].<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Mushroom"/>

===1986–1988: ''Models' Media'' to dissolution===
[[Image:Models-james-freud-la.jpg|thumb|right|[[James Freud]] of Models outside [[Roxy Theatre (West Hollywood)|The Roxy]] in West Hollywood, California, 1986]]
In 1986, Models went to UK to record their next album, ''[[Models' Media]]'', with [[Julian Mendelsohn]] and Opitz, at [[Trevor Horn]]'s state-of-the-art SARM West Studios in London.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="ARDb"/> Two singles peaked into the Top&nbsp;30, "Evolution" in September, and "Let's Kiss" in November. ''Models' Media'' was released in December and peaked at No.&nbsp;30 but was less successful than ''Out of Mind, Out of Sight''.<ref name="Kent"/> Models also featured on the [[Australian Made|Australian Made Tour]] of late 1986 to January 1987 with INXS, [[Mental as Anything]], [[The Triffids]], I'm Talking, [[The Saints (Australian band)|The Saints]], [[Divinyls]] and [[Jimmy Barnes]] on the ticket.<ref name="McF"/> "Hold On" was released in March 1987 and peaked in the Top&nbsp;30, their final single was a [[cover version|cover]] of [[The Beatles]]' "[[Oh! Darling]]" in September which peaked in the Top&nbsp;50.<ref name="Kent"/>
 
During 1987, Ceberano and Matthews sang together on the soundtrack for ABC-TV series, ''Stringer'', the resultant album, ''You've Always Got the Blues'' was released in 1988, and peaked at No.&nbsp;4 on the albums chart.<ref name="McF"/><ref name="Kent"/> Models members, including Mason as lead singer and Kelly on bass guitar, formed a side-project, The Clampetts, to record covers of nine [[country music]] tracks, which was released in 1987 as ''The Last Hoedown''.<ref name="ARDb"/><ref name="OldMembers"/> Valentine left Models to pursue a radio and television journalism career.<ref name="OldMembers"/>

In 1988, the Thank You Goodnight Tour was conducted but the pressures of ten years of touring, as well as financial troubles, hastened the break-up of Models, which was announced in June 1988,<ref name="McF"/> however in 2008, Kelly disputed the break-up:<ref name="Eliezer"/> {{blockquote|I remember in the late '80s I noticed James' [Freud] Record Company put out a press release that we'd split up, which was completely inaccurate. Because we had so many individuals in the group, we've always been able to sustain it in one form or another - and fortunately for me they've always let me be involved. As long as I'm there, we get to claim that continuity.<ref name="Sean"/>}}

===1988–current: post-dissolution and reunions===
Models' extended live exposure ensured that they stayed in the public eye when other contemporaries had been forgotten: the band's later work remained popular on radio throughout the 1990s; this, coupled with critical acclaim and cult appeal of earlier work, re-stimulated interest in their work in the latter half of that decade. The band reformed for a few gigs in 2000; in 2001 their rarities album ''Melbourne'' was released.<ref name="Sean"/> Freud has written two memoirs, ''I Am The Voice Left From Drinking'' (2002) and ''I Am The Voice Left From Rehab'' (2007); the titles are both taken from "[[Barbados (Models song)|Barbados]]" and allude to his addiction with drugs and alcohol, and his subsequent recovery attempts.<ref name="Drinking"/><ref name="Rehab"/>

Kelly and Matthews formed Absent Friends in early 1989 which included ex-Models members Duffield, Mason and Valentine. With Matthews on lead vocals their 1990 hit single, "I Don’t Want to Be with Nobody but You" peaked at No.&nbsp;4 on the [[ARIA Charts]].<ref name="AusChartsFriends"/> The associated album, ''[[Here's Looking Up Your Address]]'' peaked at No.&nbsp;7.<ref name="AusChartsFriends"/> Absent Friends disbanded in 1991 and Kelly fronted [[The Dukes (Australian band)|The Dukes]] from 1991 to 1994. Matthews provided a No.&nbsp;11 hit with her first solo album ''Émigré'' late in 1990.<ref name="AusChartsMatthews"/> She followed with ''Lily'', which peaked at No.&nbsp;2 in 1992,<ref name="AusChartsMatthews"/> and provided her best performed single, "The Day You Went Away", which also peaked at No.&nbsp;2.<ref name="AusChartsMatthews"/> Former drummer Scott was a member of [[Satellite (Australian band)|Satellite]] (1993–1997). Matthews and Kelly separated as a couple in the mid-1990s.<ref name="Talking"/>

Duffield wrote music (including the theme) for the Australian children's TV series, ''[[Round the Twist]]''; and in 2007 composed all music and sound effects for the TV comedy, ''[[Kick (TV series)|Kick]]''.<ref name="IMDbDuffield"/> Duffield teamed up with Phil Kennihan to found a successful advertising music partnership.

Mason has composed soundtracks for many feature films and television series both locally and internationally. Valentine later worked in children's TV, is a popular radio host on [[702 ABC Sydney]] and published a successful series of children's books. Price returned to New Zealand after stints with various Australian bands, and the world's first drum sample CD. Wednesday formed Crashland and plays with German avant garde band [[Einstürzende Neubauten]].

Various versions of Models have reformed on several occasions for short tours, including in 2006 and in September 2008.<ref name="Cashmere06"/><ref name="Cashmere08"/> The 2008 version was: Kelly, Freud, his son Jackson Freud (from Attack of the Mannequins) on guitar, Tim Rosewarne (ex-[[Big Pig]], [[Chocolate Starfish]]) on keyboards and [[Cameron Goold]] (Propaganda Klann, [[Christine Anu]] backing band) on drums.<ref name="Sean"/> In August 2010, Duffield, Ferrie, Kelly and Price reformed for two concerts in Sydney and Melbourne.<ref name="Watt"/> On 27 October, Models were inducted into the [[ARIA Hall of Fame]] by Matthews.<ref name="ARIAHoFAAP"/> The line-up of Duffield, Ferrie, Kelly, Mason, Price and Valentine performed "I Hear Motion" and "Evolution".<ref name="Treuen"/><ref name="Street"/> Matthews recalled meeting the group for the first time at a recording session – she was due to provide backing vocals but they were busy playing indoor cricket in the studio. During the ceremony, Kelly explained Freud's absence by saying he had "another bicycle accident".<ref name="Pepper"/> A week later, Freud was found dead at his [[Hawthorn, Victoria|Hawthorn]] home on 4 November in a suspected suicide.<ref name="Pepper"/>

In 2013, Models (consisting of Duffield, Ferrie, Kelly, and Price) issued a self-released four-song EP titled ''GTK''. A follow-up EP was issued in 2015: titled ''Memo'', it also consisted of four songs.