Editing Monash University (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Monash University}}
[[File:John Monash statue in Clayton campus, Monash University.jpg|right|thumb|Statue of [[Sir John Monash]] at the Clayton Campus]]
[[File:Clayton - Monash University.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Robert Menzies]] Building at the Clayton Campus]]

===Early history: 1950s===
Established by an [[Act of Parliament]] in 1958, the original campus was in the suburb of Clayton where the university was granted an expansive site of 100 hectares of open land.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monash.edu.au/campuses/clayton/history.html |title=History of the Clayton campus |publisher=Monash University |date=10 February 2010 |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=26 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926155820/http://monash.edu.au/campuses/clayton/history.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The 100 hectares of land consisted of farmland and included the former Talbot Epileptic Colony.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Niall |first1=B. |title=The Boyds: A Family Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZ35hPZ6g7YC&q=talbot+colony+monash+university&pg=PA171 |publisher=Melbourne Univ. Publishing |access-date=12 November 2019 |page=171 |date=2007 |isbn=9780522853841 |quote=...Talbot Colony was established on the farmland... |archive-date=21 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821063824/https://books.google.com/books?id=AZ35hPZ6g7YC&q=talbot+colony+monash+university&pg=PA171 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Tudor architecture|Tudor-style]] [[Homestead (buildings)|farmhouse]] built by the O'Shea family became the   original [[Vice-chancellor|Vice-Chancellor's House]] — now University House.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Living History - The First Family |url=https://www.monash.edu/timeline/the-first-family |publisher=Monash University |access-date=12 November 2019 |quote=The farmhouse built by the O’Shea family on the rise above Wellington Road was chosen for the vice-chancellor’s residence. " |archive-date=12 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112033258/https://www.monash.edu/timeline/the-first-family |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vice Chancellor's house from the North 1971 |url=https://files.monash.edu/records-archives/archives/cgi-alias/monpix?Disp_PHOTOGRAPHER=&PHOTOGRAPHER=David%20Taft&Disp_DIME=&Disp_NOTES=&Disp_SUBJECT_DESCRIPTOR=&IMAGE_NUMBER=7061&Disp_IMAGE_TITLE=CHECKED&Submit=1 |publisher=Monash University |access-date=12 November 2019 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024143940/https://files.monash.edu/records-archives/archives/cgi-alias/monpix?Disp_PHOTOGRAPHER=&PHOTOGRAPHER=David%20Taft&Disp_DIME=&Disp_NOTES=&Disp_SUBJECT_DESCRIPTOR=&IMAGE_NUMBER=7061&Disp_IMAGE_TITLE=CHECKED&Submit=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.vicnet.net.au/~whsvic/schools.htm |title=Waverley – Mulgrave – Monash City Schools |publisher=Waverley Historical Society |access-date=5 July 2012 |archive-date=12 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012070905/http://home.vicnet.net.au/~whsvic/schools.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monash University - 50 years, School of Engineering 2011 |url=http://50years.eng.monash.edu.au/monash/campus/ |publisher=Monash University |access-date=12 November 2019 |archive-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318215003/http://50years.eng.monash.edu.au/monash/campus/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

From its first intake of 357 students at Clayton on 13 March 1961, the university grew rapidly in size and student numbers so that by 1967 its all-times enrolment reached 21,000 students.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/mua2009237/preamble.html |title=Monash University Act 2009 |publisher=AUSTLII |access-date=8 June 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714190420/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/mua2009237/preamble.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In its early years, it offered undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in engineering, medicine, science, arts, economics, politics, education, and law. It was a major provider for international student places under the [[Colombo Plan]], which saw the first Asian students enter the Australian education system.

The university was named after the prominent Australian general Sir [[John Monash]].<ref name="Who">{{cite web |title=Sir John Monash |url=https://www.monash.edu/about/who/history/sir-john-monash |website=Monash University |access-date=3 November 2018 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722084825/https://www.monash.edu/about/who/history/sir-john-monash |url-status=live}}</ref> This was the first time in Australia that a university had been named after a person, rather than a city or state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.griffith.edu.au/vc/ate/pdf/univfacts.pdf |title=List of Australian Universities with date of foundation |publisher=Griffith University |access-date=7 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007091334/http://www.griffith.edu.au/vc/ate/pdf/univfacts.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===1970s onwards===
From the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, Monash became the centre of [[student activism|student radicalism]] in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/communism/xcommunismcat.html |title="Communism" – An exhibition of highlights from the Monash University Library Rare Books Collection |publisher=Monash University Library |date=21 October 2010 |access-date=1 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006113301/http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/communism/xcommunismcat.html |archive-date=6 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usyd.edu.au/about/publication/gazette/april03/features/pub/rebels.shtml |title=Where have all the rebels gone? |publisher=The University of Sydney |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210221622/http://www.usyd.edu.au/about/publication/gazette/april03/features/pub/rebels.shtml |archive-date=10 December 2007 |access-date=1 April 2010 |date=20 June 2007}}</ref> It was the site of many mass student demonstrations, particularly concerning Australia's role in the [[Vietnam War]] and [[conscription]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://menzieslecture.org/trust.html |title=About the Trust |first=Alan |last=Gregory |publisher=Sir Robert Menzies Lecture Trust |access-date=1 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911074335/http://menzieslecture.org/trust.html |archive-date=11 September 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> By the late 1960s, several student organisations, some of which were influenced by or supporters of [[Communism|communism]], turned their focus to Vietnam, with numerous blockades and sit-ins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/monmag/issue16-2005/around-monash/around-activism.html |title=Those were the days |first=Robyn |last=Anns |work=Monash Magazine |publisher=Monash University |date=20 October 2005 |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=16 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316084028/http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/monmag/issue16-2005/around-monash/around-activism.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In one extraordinary event that came to be known as the Monash Siege, students forced then Prime Minister [[Malcolm Fraser]] to hide in a basement at the Alexander Theatre, in a major protest over the [[Whitlam dismissal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/education/once-were-campus-warriors-20120903-25a4f.html |location=Melbourne |work=The Age |title=Once were campus warriors |access-date=4 September 2012 |archive-date=5 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905002239/http://www.theage.com.au/national/education/once-were-campus-warriors-20120903-25a4f.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{anchor|Monash IVF}}In the late 1970s and 1980s, some of Monash's most publicised research came through its pioneering of [[in-vitro fertilisation]] (IVF). Led by [[Carl Wood]] and [[Alan Trounson]], the Monash IVF Program achieved the world's first clinical IVF pregnancy in 1973.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monash.edu.au/timeline/1973-IVF.html |title=1973 – World's first IVF pregnancy |publisher=Monash University |date=3 July 2009 |access-date=1 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607002239/http://www.monash.edu.au/timeline/1973-IVF.html |archive-date=7 June 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1980, they delivered the first IVF baby in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monashivf.com/default.asp?action=article&ID=21660 |title=History of IVF – Our Contribution |publisher=Monash IVF Australia |access-date=1 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915053811/http://www.monashivf.com/default.asp?action=article&ID=21660 |archive-date=15 September 2009}}</ref> This eventually became a massive source of revenue for the university at a time when university funding in Australia was beginning to slow down.

In the late 1980s, the [[Dawkins Reforms]] changed the landscape of higher education in Australia. Under the leadership of Vice-Chancellor [[Mal Logan]], Monash transformed dramatically. In 1988, Monash University had only one campus in [[Monash University, Clayton campus|Clayton]], with around 15,000 students.<ref>{{cite book |title=Monash: Remaking the University |first=Simon |last=Marginson |author-link=Simon Marginson |year=2000 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=St Leonards, NSW, Australia |isbn=978-1-86508-268-4 |page=97}}</ref> Just over a decade later, it had 8 campuses (including 2 overseas), a European research and teaching centre, and more than 50,000 students, making it the largest and most internationalised Australian university.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monash.edu.au/about/overview/brief-history.html |title=Brief history of Monash |publisher=Monash University |date=10 November 2009 |access-date=1 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414201941/http://www.monash.edu.au/about/overview/brief-history.html |archive-date=14 April 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Expansion in the 1990s===
Expansion of the university began in 1990 with a series of mergers between Monash, the Chisholm Institute of Technology, and the Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education. In 1991 a merger with the Victorian College of Pharmacy created a new faculty of the university. This continued in 1994, with the establishment of the [[Monash University, Berwick campus|Berwick campus]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monash.edu/about/who/history |title=The History of Monash - Monash University |access-date=13 November 2016 |archive-date=14 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114001823/http://www.monash.edu/about/who/history |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1998, the university opened the [[Monash University Malaysia campus|Malaysia campus]], its first overseas campus and the first foreign university in [[Malaysia]]. In 2001, [[Monash University, South Africa campus|Monash South Africa]] opened its doors in Johannesburg, making Monash the first foreign university in South Africa. The same year, the university secured an 18th-century Tuscan palace to open a research and teaching centre in [[Prato]], Italy.

At the same time, Australian universities faced unprecedented demand for international student places, which Monash met on a larger scale than most. Today, around 30% of its students are from outside Australia.<ref name="MonashStats">{{cite web |url=http://www.monash.edu.au/about/stats.html |title=Monash Statistics |publisher=Monash University |date=10 November 2009 |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=6 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406035320/http://www.monash.edu.au/about/stats.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Monash students come from over 100 countries, and speak over 90 different languages. The increase in international students, combined with the university's expansion, meant that Monash's income greatly increased throughout the 1990s, and it is now one of Australia's top 200 exporters.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM00993b.htm |title=Monash University |first=Simon |last=Marginson |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Melbourne Online |publisher=School of Historical Studies |date=25 February 2010 |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=30 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930235121/http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM00993b.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

===2000 onwards===
[[File:Biomedical Learning and Teaching Building -In Explore- (47587403542).jpg|thumb|The Biomedical Learning and Teaching Building at Clayton Campus]] [[File:Monash Learning and Teaching Building (43797320625).jpg|right|thumb|The Learning and Teaching Building at Clayton Campus]]
[[File:Green Chemical Futures Building Monash University, Clayton. (42860792950).jpg|right|thumb|The Green Chemical Futures Building at Clayton Campus]]
In recent years, the university has been prominent in medical research. A highlight of this came in 2000, when [[Alan Trounson]] led the team of scientists which announced to the world that nerve stem cells could be derived from embryonic stem cells, a discovery which led to a dramatic increase in interest in the potential of [[stem cells]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/798c8b072d117a01ca256c8c0019bb01/773344f4c4f794baca25714e0005c518!OpenDocument |title=Victoria to Host Key Seminars at BIO2006 |date=10 April 2006 |access-date=1 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623161914/http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/798c8b072d117a01ca256c8c0019bb01/773344f4c4f794baca25714e0005c518!OpenDocument |archive-date=23 June 2009}}</ref> It has also led to Monash being ranked in the top 20 universities in the world for biomedicine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armi.org.au/about_us/news/in_the_media/monashacademictoheadvictoriasregenerativemedicineinstitute.aspx |title=Monash academic to head Victoria's Regenerative Medicine Institute |work=Monash Memo |publisher=Monash University |date=9 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511174914/http://www.armi.org.au/About_Us/news/In_the_media/MonashacademictoheadVictoriasRegenerativeMedicineInstitute.aspx |archive-date=11 May 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

On 21 October 2002, [[Monash University shooting|Huan Yun "Allen" Xiang]], shot two people dead and injured five others on the Clayton campus.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/21/1034561430119.html |title=Gunman 'indiscriminately' kills students |work=The Age |date=21 October 2002 |access-date=7 April 2010 |location=Melbourne |archive-date=3 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703115449/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/10/21/1034561430119.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Since December 2011, Monash has had a global alliance with the [[University of Warwick]] in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/about/partnerships/monash/ |title=Monash Warwick Alliance |access-date=11 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018153921/http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/about/partnerships/monash/ |archive-date=18 October 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2014, the university ceded its [[Monash University, Gippsland campus|Gippsland]] campus to [[Federation University Australia|Federation University]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ballarat University set to take over Monash Gippsland |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-22/ballarat-university-set-to-take-over-monash-gippsland/4533714 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=22 February 2013 |access-date=1 November 2013 |archive-date=3 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103051448/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-22/ballarat-university-set-to-take-over-monash-gippsland/4533714 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 July 2016, Monash confirmed that Federation University Australia would take over the operations of the Berwick campus prior to the end of 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://federation.edu.au/news?announcement_id=21311&action=view_announcement |title=Newsroom |date=24 March 2021 |access-date=10 December 2017 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630064448/http://federation.edu.au/news?action=view_announcement&announcement_id=21311 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, the university sold its [[Monash South Africa]] campus to [[ADvTECH Group|Advtech]]. Students who were on schedule to complete their degree on time would still receive a degree from Monash University after the sale. The reason for the sale was reported to be low profitability and low enrolment numbers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.co.za/monash-university-pulling-out-of-south-africa-with-advtech-acquisition-2018-9 |title=Australia's biggest university, Monash, is pulling out of South Africa after 18 years |website=BusinessInsider |access-date=12 November 2019 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112041814/https://www.businessinsider.co.za/monash-university-pulling-out-of-south-africa-with-advtech-acquisition-2018-9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to the sale, Monash University had sidelined the South African campus on its official websites and did not refer to it as a 'campus' unlike Monash Malaysia.

Monash announced its second Southeast Asian expansion in Indonesia as it officially obtained its operational license from the [[Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)|Ministry of Education and Culture]] on 1 December 2020. The university plans to open its campus doors in October 2021, located in [[BSD City]], Tangerang, Banten. Unlike Monash Malaysia, Monash Indonesia will focus on graduate studies.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wuragil |first=Zacharias |date=1 December 2020 |title=Kampus Monash Indonesia Kantongi Izin Operasional dari Mendikbud Nadiem |url=https://tekno.tempo.co/read/1410354/kampus-monash-indonesia-kantongi-izin-operasional-dari-mendikbud-nadiem |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=Tempo |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130203133/https://tekno.tempo.co/read/1410354/kampus-monash-indonesia-kantongi-izin-operasional-dari-mendikbud-nadiem |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Nusantara |first=Solusi Sistem |title=Kabar Baik! Monash University Resmi Beroperasi di Indonesia {{!}} Milenial |url=https://www.gatra.com/detail/news/496918/milenial/kabar-baik-monash-university-resmi-beroperasi-di-indonesia |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=www.gatra.com |language=en-US |archive-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201131531/https://www.gatra.com/detail/news/496918/milenial/kabar-baik-monash-university-resmi-beroperasi-di-indonesia |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monash to Open Indonesia's First Foreign-Owned Campus in BSD City |url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/monash-to-open-indonesias-first-foreignowned-campus-in-bsd-city |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=Jakarta Globe |date=December 2020 |archive-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202023716/https://jakartaglobe.id/news/monash-to-open-indonesias-first-foreignowned-campus-in-bsd-city |url-status=live}}</ref>