Editing Mourning (section)

==Stages of grief==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2020}}
{{See also|Five stages of grief}}
Mourning is a personal and collective response which can vary depending on feelings and contexts. [[Elisabeth Kübler-Ross]]'s theory of grief describes five separate periods of experience in the psychological and emotional processing of death. These stages do not necessarily follow each other, and each period is not inevitable.<ref name="cruse">{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2021 |title=Understanding the Five Stages of Grief |url=https://www.cruse.org.uk/get-help/five-stages-of-grief |access-date=May 28, 2021 |website=[[Cruse Bereavement Care]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=growing-around-grief |url=https://www.cruse.org.uk/get-help/growing-around-grief |access-date=May 28, 2021 |website=www.cruse.org.uk ([[Cruse Bereavement Care]])}}</ref> The theory was originally posited to describe the experiences of those confronted with their imminent deaths, but has since been adopted to understand the experiences of bereaved loved ones.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kübler-Ross |first=Elisabeth |title=On Death and Dying |publisher=Collier Books/Macmillan Publishing Co. |year=1970}}</ref> The theory has faced criticism for being overly prescriptive and lacking evidence.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCoyd |first=Judith L. M. |date=January 2023 |title=Forget the "Five Stages": Ask the Five Questions of Grief. |url=https://research.ebsco.com/c/iperyp/viewer/html/uurghz7dpf |journal=Social Work |issue=Jan2023 |via=EBSCO}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation |last1=Tyrrell |first1=Patrick |title=Kubler-Ross Stages of Dying and Subsequent Models of Grief |date=2024 |work=StatPearls |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507885/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=29939662 |last2=Harberger |first2=Seneca |last3=Schoo |first3=Caroline |last4=Siddiqui |first4=Waquar}}</ref>

# {{em|Shock, denial}}: A phase characterized by the refusal of the griever to accept news of a loved one's death or terminal illness. Typically a shorter period which exists as a defense mechanism in the case of a distressing situation.<ref name=":2" /> 
# {{em|Anger}}: This phase is characterized by a sense of outrage due to the loss, accompanied by guilt in some cases. The anger response typically involves blaming others for the loss, potentially including higher powers.<ref name=":2" /><!--This is then followed by/accompanies [please specify] the questioning period.-->
# {{em|Bargaining}}: This phase sees a person engage in internal or external bargaining and negotiation.<ref name=":2" />
# {{em|Depression}}: The depression phase can be the longest phase of the mourning process, characterized by great sadness, questioning, and distress. An allowance of the pain from which the first three stages may be defense mechanisms.<ref name=":2" /> Mourners in this phase sometimes feel that they will never complete their mourning. They have experienced a wide range of emotions and their sorrow is great. 
# {{em|Acceptance}}: The last stage of mourning, where the bereaved gets better. The reality of the loss is much more understood and accepted. The denial of grief is no longer present. There is an increased focus on the celebration of life, fond memories and the development of plans moving forward.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PA-C |first=Jennifer Fisher, MMSc |date=2023-12-12 |title=5 stages of grief: Coping with the loss of a loved one |url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/5-stages-of-grief-coping-with-the-loss-of-a-loved-one |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Harvard Health |language=en}}</ref>

The five stages can be understood in terms of both psychological and social responses.

* {{em|Psychological}}: When someone close to a person dies, the person enters a period of sorrow and questioning, or even nervous breakdown. There are three stages in the grieving process, encompassing the denial, depression and acceptance phases of Kübler-Ross' five step model.<ref name=":0" />
* {{em|Social}}: The feelings and mental state of the mourner affect their ability to maintain or enter into relationships with others, including professional, personal and sexual relationships.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCoy |first=Berly |date=20 December 2021 |title=How your brain copes with grief, and why it takes time to heal |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/20/1056741090/grief-loss-holiday-brain-healing |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=NPR}}</ref><!-- Expectations of what? Be needed by whom? on the other hand in mourning new expectations develop and attention, caring, calm, isolation, or distraction may be needed. --> After the customs of burying or [[cremation|cremating]] the deceased, many cultures follow a number of socially-prescribed traditions that may affect the clothing a person wears and what activities they can partake in.<ref name=":5" /> These traditions are generally determined by the degree of kinship to and the social importance of the deceased.
There are various other models for understanding grief. Examples of these include: the [https://www.colorado.edu/ova/four-phases-grief-grieving-loss-loved-one Bowlby and Parkes' Four Phases of Grief], [https://www.ourhouse-grief.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Four-Tasks-of-Mourning.pdf Worden's Four Basic Tasks In Adapting To Loss], [https://unityalbany.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/11-Tenets-of-Caring-for-the-Bereaved-Companioning.pdf Wolfelt's Companioning Approach to Grieving], Neimeyer's Narrative and Constructivist Model, the Stroebe and Schut model and the Okun and Nowinski model.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schut |first1=H |last2=Stroebe |first2=MS |last3=van den Bout |first3=J |last4=Terheggen |first4=M |year=2011 |title=Beyond the five stages of grief |journal=Harvard Mental Health Letter |volume=28 |issue=6}}</ref>