Editing Multiphonic (section)

== Technique ==

===Woodwind instruments===
[[File:Multiphonic Marigaux f-a+gis.ogg|thumb|Multiphonic played on an [[oboe]] using alternative fingering]]
[[File:Multiphonic Marigaux f-a+gis.png|thumb|[[Frequency spectrum]] of this sound]]
On [[woodwind]] instruments—e.g., saxophone, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, flute, and recorder—multiphonics can be produced either with new fingerings, by using different [[embouchure]]s, or voicing the throat with conventional fingerings. There have been numerous fingering guides published for the woodwind player to achieve harmonics. Multiphonics on reed instruments can also be produced in the manners described below for brass instruments.

It is said to be impossible to recreate exactly the conditions between one player and the next, due to minute differences in instruments, reeds, embouchure, and other things. This, however, is not entirely true; the multiphonic will depend on the room temperature and other such things, but essentially multiphonics sound the same due to the harmonic structure of the multiphonic. A multiphonic fingering that works for one player may not work for that same player on a different instrument, or a different player on the same instrument, or even after switching reeds. This is often the result of slightly different construction of two instruments from different makers.

===Brass instruments===
In brass instruments, the most common method of producing multiphonics is by simultaneously playing the instrument and singing into it. When the sung note has a different frequency than the played note (preferably within the [[harmonic series (music)|harmonic series]] of the played note), several new notes that are the [[combination tone|sums/differences of the frequencies]] of the sung note and the played note are produced; leading to the popular term [[trumpet]]/[[trombone]]/[[French horn|horn]] [[growl (wind instruments)|growl]]. This technique is also called "horn chords". The tone sung doesn't necessarily have to be in the played tone's harmonic series, but the effect is more audible if it is. The tone quality of brass multiphonics is influenced strongly by the voice of the player.

Another method is referred to as "lip multiphonics", in which a brass player alters the airflow to blow between [[Harmonic series (music)#Partial|partials]], in the harmonic series of the slide position/valve. The outcome is just as stable as any multiphonic and perfectly structured. When the frequencies add together or subtract from each other (essentially merge), the fundamental is recreated. For example: A 440 and A 220. This would combine to make 660, creating a new fundamental of the second lowest B of the piano.

A third method, known as 'split tones' or [[double buzz]], produces multiphonics when players make their lips vibrate at different speeds against each other. The most common result is a perfect interval, but the range of intervals produced can vary broadly.

{{listen |
  | filename = Trombone-multiphonics.ogg
  | title = Trombone multiphonics
  | description = Demonstration of throat singing on trombone.
|}}

===String instruments===
String instruments can also produce multiphonic tones when strings are bowed or hammered (as in piano multiphonics) between the [[harmonic]] nodes. This works best on larger instruments like double bass and cello.<ref>[http://cellomultiphonics.blogspot.com/ Cello Multiphonics] ''cellomultiphonics.blogspot.com'', accessed 29 January 2023{{User-generated source|date=August 2022}}</ref> Another technique involves the rotational oscillation mode of the string, which might be twisted to adjust the rotational tension. Other multiphonic [[extended techniques]] used are [[prepared piano]], [[prepared guitar]] and [[3rd bridge]].

===Vocal multiphonics===
The technique of producing multiphonics with the voice is called [[overtone singing]] (typically with secondary resonant structure) or throat singing (typically with additional tones from throat trills).

There is another technique done in whistling, where whistlers hum in their throats while whistling with the front parts of their mouths. This is well known for achieving a spacey "ring modulation" sound (e.g. by [[Jim Carrey]] in ''[[The Truman Show]]'').{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}} All three vibrations—whistle, voice and throat trill—can be combined also.