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Muscles of mastication
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==Structure== The muscles are: * The [[masseter]] (composed of the superficial and deep head) * The [[temporalis]] (the [[sphenomandibularis]] is considered a part of the temporalis by some sources, and a distinct muscle by others) * The [[Medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]] * The [[lateral pterygoid muscle|lateral pterygoid]] In humans, the [[Human mandible|mandible]], or lower jaw, is connected to the [[temporal bone]] of the skull via the [[temporomandibular joint]]. This is an extremely complex joint which permits movement in all planes. The muscles of mastication originate on the skull and insert into the mandible, thereby allowing for jaw movements during contraction. Each of these primary muscles of mastication is paired, with each side of the mandible possessing one of the four. ===Innervation=== Unlike most of the other [[facial muscles]], which are innervated by the [[facial nerve]] (or [[CN VII]]), the muscles of mastication are innervated by the [[trigeminal nerve]] (or [[CN V]]). More specifically, they are innervated by the [[mandibular nerve|mandibular branch]], or [[mandibular nerve|V<sub>3</sub>]]. The mandibular nerve is both sensory and motor. ===Development=== Embryologically, the muscles of mastication are all derived from the first [[pharyngeal arch]]. The [[muscles of facial expression]], on the other hand, are derived from the second pharyngeal arch.
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