Editing Myiasis (section)

== Signs and symptoms ==
How myiasis affects the human body depends on where the larvae are located. Larvae may infect dead, [[Necrosis|necrotic]] (prematurely dying) or living tissue in various sites: the skin, eyes, ears, stomach, and intestinal tract, or in genitourinary sites.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ockenhouse |first1=Christian F. |last2=Samlaska |first2=Curt P. |last3=Benson |first3=Paul M. |last4=Roberts |first4=Lyman W. |last5=Eliasson |first5=Arn |last6=Malane |first6=Susan |last7=Menich |first7=Mark D. |date=1990 |title=Cutaneous myiasis caused by the African tumbu fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga) |journal=Archives of Dermatology |volume=126 |issue=2 |pages=199–202 |doi=10.1001/archderm.1990.01670260069013 |pmid=2301958}}</ref> They may invade open wounds and lesions or unbroken skin. Some enter the body through the nose or ears. Larvae or eggs can reach the stomach or intestines if they are swallowed with food and cause gastric or intestinal myiasis.<ref name="John 2006. p. 328-334"/> In extremely rare cases, maggots may occasionally [[Vulvar myiasis|infest the vulvar area]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Sanjeev |last2=Kataria |first2=Usha |last3=Siwach |first3=Sunita |date=2013 |title=Myiasis in female external genitalia |journal=Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS |language=en |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=129–131 |doi=10.4103/0253-7184.120555 |pmid=24339466 |issn=0253-7184|pmc=3841665 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Several different presentations of myiasis and their symptoms:<ref name="John 2006. p. 328-334"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Syndrome
! Symptoms
|-
| Cutaneous myiasis
| Painful, slow-developing ulcers or furuncle- (boil-) like sores that can last for a prolonged period
|-
| Nasal myiasis
| Obstruction of nasal passages and severe irritation. In some cases, facial edema and fever can develop. Death is not uncommon.
|-
| Aural myiasis
| Crawling sensations and buzzing noises. Smelly discharge is sometimes present. If located in the middle ear, larvae may get to the brain.
|-
| Ophthalmomyiasis
| Severe irritation, edema, and pain. Fairly common.
|}

===Wound===
[[File:Wounds myiasis new image.jpg|thumb|Wound myiasis in the scalp]]
Wound myiasis occurs when fly larvae infest open wounds. It has been a serious complication of war wounds in tropical areas and is sometimes seen in neglected wounds in most parts of the world. Predisposing factors include poor socioeconomic conditions, extremes of age, neglect, mental disability, psychiatric illness, alcoholism, diabetes, and [[Peripheral artery disease|vascular occlusive disease]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Namazi MR, Fallahzadeh MK |date=November 2009 |title=Wound myiasis in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma |journal=ScientificWorldJournal |volume=9 |pages=1192–3 |doi=10.1100/tsw.2009.138 |pmid=19882087|pmc=5823144 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/aga/agap/frg/feedback/war/u4220b/u4220b07.htm |title=Screwworm flies as agents of wound myiasis |publisher=Fao.org |access-date=2013-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=El-Azazy |first1=O.M.E. |date=1989 |title=Wound myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in Libya |journal=Vet. Rec. |volume=124 |issue=4 |page=103 |doi=10.1136/vr.124.4.103-a|pmid=2929078 |s2cid=26982759 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huntington |first1=T. E. |last2=Voigt |first2=David W. |last3=Higley |first3=L. G. |date=January 2008 |title=Not the Usual Suspects: Human Wound Myiasis by Phorids |journal=Journal of Medical Entomology |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=157–159 |doi=10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[157:NTUSHW]2.0.CO;2 |pmid=18283957|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Clinic2010">{{cite book |author=Cleveland Clinic |title=Current Clinical Medicine: Expert Consult - Online |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHeY9woTzdoC&pg=PT1396 |access-date=22 April 2013 |date=13 August 2010 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-1-4377-3571-0 |pages=1396–}}</ref>

===Eye===
Myiasis of the human [[eye]] or ophthalmomyiasis can be caused by ''[[Hypoderma tarandi]]'', a parasitic [[botfly]] of [[caribou]]. It is known to lead to [[uveitis]], [[glaucoma]], and [[retinal detachment]].<ref name=lag>{{cite journal |last1=Lagacé-Wiens |first1=P. R. |last2=Dookeran |first2=Ravi |last3=Skinner |first3=Stuart |last4=Leicht |first4=Richard |last5=Colwell |first5=Douglas D. |last6=Galloway |first6=Terry D. |display-authors=1 |date=January 2008 |title=Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by ''Hypoderma tarandi'', Northern Canada |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=64–66 |doi=10.3201/eid1401.070163 |pmc=2600172 |pmid=18258079}}</ref>