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NORAD
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==Command== NORAD is headed by its [[Commander of NORAD|commander]], who is a [[Four-star rank|four-star]] [[General (United States)|general]] or [[Admiral (United States)|admiral]] in the [[United States Armed Forces]]. The deputy commander is a [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] [[Lieutenant-general (Canada)|lieutenant general]]. Prior to the 1968 unification of the [[Canadian Forces]], the deputy commander was an RCAF [[air marshal]].<ref>{{cite book| last1=Veale| first1=Thomas F.| title=Guarding What You Value Most: North American Aerospace Defense Command, Celebrating 50 Years| year=2008| publisher=Government Printing Office| isbn=978-0-16-080436-6| page=49}}</ref> The commander is responsible to the [[Government of Canada]] (the [[Monarchy of Canada|Crown]]-[[King-in-Council#Commonwealth realms|in-Council]]), through the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)|chief of the Defence Staff]], and to the [[Government of the United States]], via the [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff|chairman of the joint chiefs of staff]]. The commander and deputy are each subject to their respective country's laws, policies, and directives.<ref>{{citation| url=https://www.treaty-accord.gc.ca/text-texte.aspx?id=105060| author=Government of Canada| title=Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America on the North American Aerospace Defense Command| section=Article II - Governing Principles| date=April 28, 2006| publisher=King's Printer for Canada| accessdate=February 13, 2023}}</ref> Per the Canadian [[National Defence Act]], the chief of the Defence Staff relays orders from the Crown-in-Council, collectively, or guidance from the [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|minister of national defence]], alone, to the officers of the [[Canadian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{citation| url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/n-5/page-2.html#h-374718| author=Elizabeth II| title=National Defence Act| section=18(2)| date=1985| publisher=King's Printer for Canada| accessdate=February 13, 2023}}</ref>
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