Editing NSCAD University (section)

==History==
[[File:Union Bank Halifax Canada.jpg|thumb|The school first opened in the Union Bank Building.]]
[[File:Leonowens Portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Anna Leonowens]], founder]]
[[File:NSCAD Halifax street.jpg|thumb|right|School buildings along [[Granville Mall (Halifax)|Granville Street]]. The university owns the entire city block.]]

===19th century===
The university opened in the Union Building in 1887.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993>{{cite book |author1-last=Soucy |author1-first=Donald |author2-first=Harold |author2-last=Pearse |title=The First Hundred Years: A History of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design |place=Fredericton |publisher=University of New Brunswick |year=1993 |isbn=0-920114-27-X}}</ref>{{rp|2,12}} It was founded by [[Anna Leonowens]] (of ''[[Anna and the King of Siam (book)|Anna and the King of Siam]]'' fame).<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|3}}{{efn|Soucy & Pearce (1993) give four “initiators” in ch. 1: Anna Leonowens, a Mrs. Jeremiah Kenny (first name not known), Ella Almon Ritchie, and Alexander McKay. However, speaking of Anna Leonowens, “Most people agree that the Victoria School of Art and Design was her idea.” (p. 3)}}  It was originally called the Victoria School of Art and Design to commemorate Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee. It moved to the Halifax Academy in 1890. From 1898 to 1910, [[Henry Mortikar Rosenberg]] was the principal.

===20th century===
In 1903 the school moved to the old National School.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|50}} In 1925, it was renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|94–95}}{{efn|“In 1925, thirty-seven years after it first received its charter, the Victoria School of Art and Design was no more.… a legislative act elevated the institution’s status to that of a college.” (p. 94) “Along with the new status came a new name, the Nova Scotia College of Art, and a motto, ‘Heart and Head and Hand.’” (p. 95)}} under the leadership of its president [[Frederick Henry Sexton|Dr. Frederick Sexton]].<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|104}}{{efn|“When Sexton, as President, oversaw the Art College’s new Legislative Act of 1925,…” (p. 104)}}

One of the notable artists to be associated with the school in its early years was [[Arthur Lismer]], who was a member of the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]] and spent several years as the school president.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|69–78}} [[Elizabeth Styring Nutt]] succeeded Lismar as president in 1919, serving until 1943.<ref name="cwahi">{{cite web|title=Nutt, Elizabeth Styring|url=https://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=92|website=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative|access-date=15 November 2017}}</ref>

New Brunswick-born artist Donald Cameron MacKay, who prior to World War II had been vice-principal, after war service assumed the role of principal and continued until retiring in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=D.C. McKay Fonds |url=https://memoryns.ca/d-c-mackay-fonds |website=MemoryNS|publisher=Council of Nova Scotia Archives|access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> Under his supervision, in 1957 the school moved into the former St. Andrew's United Church on Coburg Road.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|141}} A modern, five-storey addition was constructed in 1968. It was eventually razed to provide space for Dalhousie University's Mona Campbell Building.

{{see also|NSCAD conceptual art}}
The artist [[Garry Kennedy]] was appointed president in 1967 at the age of 31, becoming the youngest ever president of a Canadian university.<ref name="confrontations">{{cite news|last1=Laskey|first1=Heather|title=Confrontations continue at N.S. art college|work=The Globe and Mail|date=4 December 1985|page=C7}}</ref> He immediately moved to remake the college from a provincial art school into an international centre for artistic activity. He invited notable artists to come to NSCAD as visiting artists, particularly those involved in [[conceptual art]]. Artists who made significant contributions during this period include [[Vito Acconci]], [[Sol LeWitt]], [[Dan Graham]], [[Eric Fischl]], [[Lawrence Weiner]], [[Joseph Beuys]] and [[Claes Oldenburg]]. The school was renamed the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design in 1969, the same year it began granting undergraduate degrees.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|147}} Kennedy is credited with transforming the school into an internationally recognised centre for cutting-edge art, with ''[[Art in America]]'' suggesting in 1973 that NSCAD was "the best art school in North America".<ref name="confrontations"/><ref>{{cite news|title=School for the avant-garde|work=[[Maclean's]]|date=23 October 1993|page=52}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Levine|first1=L.|title=The best art school in North America?|journal=Art in America|date=July–August 1973|volume=61|issue=4|page=15}}</ref>

The school began to offer graduate programs in 1973.<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|161}} It moved to its current location on Granville Mall in 1978 and the former Coburg Road campus was acquired by [[Dalhousie University]].<ref name=Soucy&Pearce1993 />{{rp|160–161}} Garry Kennedy retired from the school's presidency in 1990 to focus on teaching and making art.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dault|first1=Gary Michael|title=Conceptualism with a human face|work=The Globe and Mail|date=17 January 1998|page=C14}}</ref>

===21st century===
In 2002 the school purchased the Granville Street block of heritage buildings it had leased since 1978, known today as the Fountain Campus.<ref name="pastpresent">{{cite web|title=The 21st Century|url=http://nscad.ca/en/home/abouttheuniversity/past-present/21st-century.aspx|website=NSCAD Past and Present|publisher=NSCAD University|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044925/http://nscad.ca/en/home/abouttheuniversity/past-present/21st-century.aspx|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The institution was renamed NSCAD University in 2003. It opened a second campus, the Academy Building, in 2004. This campus houses the film studies faculty. In 2007 the third campus, the Port Campus, opened at the [[Halifax Seaport]]. All three campuses are located in downtown Halifax.

The construction of the Port Campus brought the school's debt to a high of $19 million in 2011 after funding from the federal government fell through.<ref name="dreams">{{cite news|last1=Willick|first1=Frances|title=NSCAD dreams of all-new campus|work=Halifax Chronicle-Herald|date=18 July 2014}}</ref> The province asked the school to draw up a plan to reduce the debt, and it was speculated that NSCAD might lose its autonomy.<ref name=canencycl/> NSCAD students, faculty and alumni mounted a "Save NSCAD" campaign in opposition to a merger with a larger institution. The school commissioned a report to study the idea, but the consultant found that a merger would not result in cost savings. The NSCAD board of governors therefore voted on 15 July 2014 to continue as an independent university.<ref name="stayindependent">{{cite news|last1=Willick|first1=Frances|title=NSCAD University to stay independent|work=Halifax Chronicle-Herald|date=16 July 2014}}</ref> The university's financial position subsequently improved, and the debt had been reduced to $13 million as of 2015.<ref name=canencycl>{{cite web|title=Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nova-scotia-college-of-art-and-design/|publisher=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|access-date=25 January 2017}}</ref>