Editing NSPCC (section)

==History==

=== Victorian era ===
On a trip to New York in 1881, [[Liverpudlian]] businessman Thomas Agnew was inspired by a visit to the [[New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]]. On his return to Liverpool, he invited leading figures from the town to a [[Liverpool Town Hall|town hall]] meeting and founded the Liverpool Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (LSPCC) on 19 April 1883. Similar societies were subsequently set up around the country, such as the London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (London SPCC), founded on 8 July 1884 by [[Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury|Anthony Ashley-Cooper]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shennan|first=Paddy|date=2017-11-19|title=Powerful photos show Liverpool's proud history of helping abused children|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/powerful-photos-show-liverpools-long-13924057|access-date=2021-02-11|website=Liverpool Echo|language=en}}</ref> Ashley-Cooper was the first president of the London SPCC, with [[Benjamin Waugh|Reverends Benjamin Waugh]] and Edward Rudolph as joint secretaries. [[Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts|1st Baroness Angela Burdett-Coutts]] was one of the co-founder of the organisation which later became the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) in 1889 with [[Queen Victoria]] as the patron.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brain|first=Jessica|date=|title=Angela Burdett-Coutts, Philanthropist|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Angela-Burdett-Coutts/|access-date=2021-02-11|website=Historic UK|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carter|first=Yvonne H.|date=March 2007|title=Lessons from the past, learning for the future: safeguarding children in primary care|journal=The British Journal of General Practice |volume=57|issue=536|pages=238–242|issn=0960-1643|pmc=2042553|pmid=17359613}}</ref>

On 1 January 1887, the ''Child's Guardian'', the official magazine of the Society was launched.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Flegel |first1=Monica |date=Spring 2007 |title="Facts and Their Meaning": Child Protection, Intervention, and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in Late Nineteenth-Century England |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27793627 |journal=Victorian Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=87–101 |doi=10.1353/vcr.2007.0007 |jstor=27793627 |access-date=2023-12-30|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The magazine was modelled on the [[Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]] and was designed to educate the public on the nature of cruelty to children.<ref name="Flegel1">{{Cite journal|last=Flegel|first=Monica|date=27 April 2006|title=Changing Faces: The NSPCC and the Use of Photography in the Construction of Cruelty to Children|journal=Victorian Periodicals Review|volume=39|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1353/vpr.2006.0022|s2cid=161106061|issn=1712-526X}}</ref>

After five years of campaigning by the London SPCC, [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] passed [[Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act 1889|the first ever UK law to protect children from abuse and neglect in 1889]]. The London SPCC was renamed the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children on 14 May 1889,<ref name="AboutNSPCC">{{cite web|title=About the NSPCC|url=http://www.nspcc.org.uk/whatwedo/aboutthenspcc/aboutthenspcc_wda36522.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820204159/http://www.nspcc.org.uk/WhatWeDo/AboutTheNSPCC/aboutthenspcc_wda36522.html|archive-date=20 August 2007|access-date=19 September 2007}}</ref> because by then it had branches across [[Great Britain]] and [[Ireland]]. In the same year the Chief Commissioners of the Metropolitan and City of London Police issued instructions that all cases of cruelty to children reported to them should be handed to NSPCC to be dealt with.<ref name=":0">NSPCC Annual Report for 1930-31. London: NSPCC Central Office, 1931, p. 48.</ref>

The NSPCC was granted its Royal Charter on 28 May 1895 by [[Queen Victoria]] who became its first Royal Patron. It did not change its title to "Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children" or similar, as the name NSPCC was already well established, and to avoid confusion with the [[Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]] ([[RSPCA]]), which had already existed for more than fifty years.

=== 20th century ===
In 1901, [[Edward VII|King Edward VII]] and his wife [[Alexandra of Denmark|Queen Alexandra]] became Patrons of the Society upon the death of Queen Victoria. In 1905, Reverend Benjamin Waugh retired from the Directorship of the Society, as a result of failing health, after 21 years' of service. In 1910, [[George V|King George V]] and his wife [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] became Patrons of the Society upon the death of King Edward VII.<ref name=":0" />

Shortly after the outbreak of the [[First World War]], 18 Inspectors joined the [[Royal Navy]] and a further 42 joined the [[British Army during World War I|Army]]. During the course of the war, the NSPCC inspector for [[Manchester]] was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]. In January 1915, the NSPCC appointed its first Female Inspector.<ref name=":0" /> During the same War, fraudulent fundraisers were discovered to be collecting money in aid of families of those killed or injured in action. The NSPCC, therefore, avoided street collections until the War Charities Act of 1916, which introduced regulations to protect and guide collectors.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Strategic management for voluntary nonprofit organizations|last=Roger.|first=Courtney|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415250242|location=London|pages=279|oclc=50875165}}</ref>

In 1919, the [[Edward VIII|Prince of Wales]], later to be King Edward VIII, became a Patron of the Society. In 1926 the Prince spoke on behalf of the NSPCC in a radio appeal.<ref name=":1" />

In 1930, the Society reported helping its four-millionth child.<ref name=":0" />

Shortly after the outbreak of the [[Second World War]] the [[Home Secretary]], [[John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley|Sir John Anderson]], wrote to the Chairman of the Society expressing his thanks that the Society had decided to continue its work during the war. During the course of the war, the Society supported over 600,000 children, while nearly 100 of the Society's Inspectors served in the Armed Forces.<ref>Birmingham and District Branch of the NSPCC, Annual Report for the year ending 31 December 1942, p. 2; Carlisle, Penrith and North Cumberland Branch of the NSPCC, ''Annual Report for the year ended 31st December 1945'', p. 2.</ref>

The NSPCC's organisation in the [[Republic of Ireland]] was taken up by the [[Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] (ISPCC), founded in 1956 as a replacement for the NSPCC.<ref>[http://www.childabusecommission.com/rpt/05-01.php The Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (ISPCC)], [[Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse]], Volume V, Chapter 1 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530082253/http://www.childabusecommission.com/rpt/05-01.php|date=30 May 2009}}</ref> Today, the NSPCC works in [[England]], [[Wales]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Scotland]], and the [[Channel Islands]].

==== 1980s ====
The NSPCC is the only UK charity which has been granted statutory powers under the [[Children Act 1989]], allowing it to apply for care and supervision orders for children at risk. In 1983, the NSPCC launched its centenary appeal in Britain in order to "establish 60 child protection teams across the country." The launch of the appeal occurred during a time when the organization was struggling because of an insufficient amount of public support and government funds. To help advertise for the NSPCC, a poster was created that highlighted the faces of two abused children, one from 1884 and the other from 1984. The message that was written along with the picture was "The faces change, the bruises don't."<ref name="Flegel1"/>

==== 1990s ====
The NSPCC documented allegations of [[Satanic ritual abuse]] in 1990, with the publication of survey findings that, of 66 child protection teams in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 14 teams had received reports of ritual abuse from children and seven of them were working directly with children who had been ritually abused, sometimes in groups of twenty.<ref>Libby Jukes and Richard Duce, NSPCC says ritual child abuse is rife, ''The Times'', 13 March 1990</ref>  An investigation, by the British government, into SRA allegations produced over two hundred reports, of which only three were substantiated and proved to be examples of pseudosatanic abuse, in which sexual abuse was the actual motivation and the rituals were incidental.<ref>{{cite book |author=La Fontaine, J S. |title=The extent and nature of organised and ritual abuse: research findings |publisher=HMSO |location=London |year=1994 |isbn=0-11-321797-8 |access-date=29 April 2008|url = http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=157278 }}</ref><ref name = LaFontaine>{{cite book |author=LaFontaine, J. S. |title=Speak of the Devil: allegations of satanic abuse in Britain |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1998 |isbn=0-521-62934-9 }}</ref>

The NSPCC also provided a publication known as ''Satanic Indicators'' to social services around the country that has been blamed for some social workers panicking and making [[False allegation of child sexual abuse|false accusations of sexually abusing children]].<ref>{{cite news|author1=Tim Black|title=The NSPCC doesn't help kids – it harms them|url=http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/11050|access-date=1 August 2015|work=[[Spiked (magazine)|Spiked]]|date=5 September 2011}}</ref> The most prominent of these cases was in [[Rochdale]] in 1990 when up to twenty<ref>{{cite news |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/middletonguardian/news/s/508066_satanic_abuse_the_truth_at_last_ |title=Satanic abuse: The truth at last |newspaper=Middleton Guardian |author=Jeni Harvey |date=14 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009121020/http://menmedia.co.uk/middletonguardian/news/s/508066_satanic_abuse_the_truth_at_last_ |archive-date=9 October 2012}}</ref> children were taken from their homes and parents after social services believed them to be involved in satanic or occult ritual abuse. The allegations were later found to be false. The case was the subject of a BBC documentary which featured recordings of the interviews made by NSPCC social workers, revealing that flawed techniques and [[leading questions]] were used to gain evidence of abuse from the children. The documentary claimed that the social services were wrongly convinced, by organisations such as the NSPCC, that abuse was occurring and so rife that they made allegations before any evidence was considered.<ref name=bbc-20060109>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/real_story/4595158.stm |title=When Satan came to town |publisher=BBC |date=9 January 2006 |access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/154 | title = A full stop to the Satanic panic | work = Spiked | author = Cummings, Dolan | date = 12 January 2006 | access-date = 19 September 2007}}</ref>

In 1999, an advert released by the NSPCC "warning" of the risk of children being murdered by strangers was criticised as a [[fear-mongering]] fundraising tactic, as such occurrences are exceedingly uncommon.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/1999/aug/08/foodanddrink.childprotection Why this NSPCC advert is harmful to children]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 21 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.sirc.org/media/mediaaugust1399.html A Stranger Danger]. Sirc.org. Retrieved 21 November 2011.</ref>

===21st century===
====2010s====
In 2011, the NSPCC launched its All Babies Count campaign to highlight the vulnerability of babies and calling for better and earlier support for new parents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15658153|title=NSPCC warns 200,000 babies at risk of abuse |date=10 November 2011 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref> In 2012, the charity won a PRCA award for its "Don't Wait Until You're Certain" campaign that encouraged people to call the NSPCC with any worry about a child.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://awards.prca.org.uk/2012winners |title=PRCA Awards 2012 |publisher=PRCA |access-date=17 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506161726/http://awards.prca.org.uk/2012winners |archive-date=6 May 2013 }}</ref>

[[File:"Patchwork Paddington", Paddington Bear, Childline - geograph.org.uk - 4294123.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Paddington Bear]] statue designed by an employee at the NSPCC, on display at the [[Childline]] offices in London, which was auctioned to raise funds for the NSPCC]]

In November 2014, fifty [[Paddington Bear]] statues, created by various celebrities and organisations—including the NSPCC designed "Patchwork Paddington"—were located around London prior to the release of the film ''[[Paddington (film)|Paddington]]'', with the statues auctioned to raise funds for the NSPCC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Paddington Bear Statues Have Taken Over London |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2014-11-24/paddington-bear-statues-taken-over-london-david-beckham-benedict-cumberbatch |access-date=25 November 2023 |work=Condé Nast}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Shaunna |title=Emma Watson Designed A Paddington Bear For Charity And It's Freaking Adorable |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/1984950/emma-watson-paddington-bear/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107012511/http://www.mtv.com/news/1984950/emma-watson-paddington-bear/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 November 2014 |date=3 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2023 |publisher=MTV}}</ref>

In 2017, the Information Commissioner's Office fined eleven charities that breached the Data Protection Act by misusing donors’ personal data. NSPCC was fined £12,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2017/04/ico-fines-eleven-more-charities/|title=ICO fines eleven more charities|date=5 June 2017|website=ico.org.uk|access-date=5 April 2017|archive-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813221413/https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2017/04/ico-fines-eleven-more-charities/|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=September 2021}}

In 2019, the NSPCC engaged transgender activist [[Munroe Bergdorf]] as its first LGBT+ campaigner for [[ChildLine]]. The relationship was ended controversially after what Bergdorf described as a [[transphobic]] hate campaign against her, including false allegations that she had taken part in pornographic films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaytimes.co.uk/community/123116/munroe-bergdorf-dropped-as-childline-ambassador-following-transphobic-hate-campaign/|title=Munroe Bergdorf dropped as Childline ambassador following "transphobic hate campaign"|date=9 June 2019|website=GAY TIMES}}</ref> The NSPCC stated that their reason was nothing to do with Bergdorf being transgender, but because she invited LGBT young people to contact her directly over social media, which was not compatible with the NSPCC's own safeguarding policies. Over 150 NSPCC staff complained to senior management about the charity's treatment of Bergdorf.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-48643467|title=Munroe Bergdorf: NSPCC explains transgender activist decision|work=BBC News |date=14 June 2019}}</ref>