Editing Naming of moons (section)

== Naming of moons by Solar System object ==

=== Earth ===
{{Main|Moon}}
Every human language has its own word for the Earth's [[Moon]], and these words are the ones normally used in astronomical contexts. However, a number of fanciful or mythological names for the Moon have been used in the context of astronomy (an even larger number of lunar epithets have been used in non-astronomical contexts). In the 17th century, the Moon was sometimes referred to as ''Proserpina''. More recently, especially in science-fiction content, the Moon has been called by the [[Latin]] name ''Luna'', presumably on the analogy of the Latin names of the planets, or by association with the adjectival form ''lunar'', or a need to differentiate it from other moons that may be present in a fictional setting. In technical terminology, the word-stems ''seleno-'' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''selēnē'' "moon") and ''cynthi-'' (from ''Cynthia'', an epithet of the goddess [[Artemis]]) are sometimes used to refer to the Moon, as in ''selenography, selenology,'' and ''pericynthion.''

=== Mars ===
{{Main|Moons of Mars}}
The moons of [[Mars]] ([[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]] and [[Deimos (moon)|Deimos]]) were named by [[Asaph Hall]] in 1878, soon after he discovered them. They are named after the sons of the god [[Ares]] (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]]).

=== Jupiter ===
{{Main|Moons of Jupiter}}
The [[Galilean moons]] of Jupiter ([[Io (moon)|Io]], [[Europa (moon)|Europa]], [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]] and [[Callisto (moon)|Callisto]]) were named by [[Simon Marius]] soon after their discovery in 1610. However, by the late 19th century these names had fallen out of favor, and for a long time it was most common to refer to them in the astronomical literature simply as "Jupiter I", "Jupiter II", etc., or as "the first satellite of Jupiter", "Jupiter's second satellite", etc.

By the first decade of the 20th century, the names Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto had once again recovered popularity, but the later-discovered moons, numbered, usually in Roman numerals V (5) through XII (12), remained unnamed.<ref name=Nicholson>{{cite journal|last=Nicholson|first=Seth Barnes|date=April 1939|title=The Satellites of Jupiter|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific|volume=51|issue=300|pages=85–94|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0051//0000093.000.html|doi=10.1086/125010 |bibcode = 1939PASP...51...85N |doi-access=free}}</ref>{{dubious|source is from 1939, predates XII discovery, and states the opposite: names for the Galilean moons were NOT in common use|date=September 2018}} By a popular though unofficial convention,{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} Jupiter V, discovered in 1892, was given the name ''Amalthea'',<ref name="Barnard">{{cite journal |last=Barnard |first=E. E. |year=1893 |title=Jupiter's fifth satellite |journal=Popular Astronomy |issue=1 |pages=76–82}}</ref> first used by the French astronomer [[Camille Flammarion]].<ref>USGS Astrogeology Research Program, ''Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature''[http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html]</ref>

The other [[irregular satellite]]s (discovered 1904 to 1951) were, in the overwhelming majority of astronomical literature, simply left nameless. No names were proposed until [[Brian G. Marsden]] suggested a nomenclature for these satellites in 1955.<ref name="Marsden">{{cite journal |last=Marsden |first=Brian |year=1955 |title=Satellite Nomenclature |journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association |volume=65 |pages=308–310}}</ref>  Although the 1955 names met with immediate acceptance in some quarters (e.g. in science fiction<ref name="Starr">{{cite book| last=Asimov |first=Isaac|title=[[Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter]]|year=1957|publisher=Doubleday & Co.| isbn=0-553-29682-5}}</ref> and popular science articles<ref name="Rollcall">{{cite journal |last=Asimov |first=Isaac |date=December 1963 |title=Roll Call |journal=[[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]}}</ref>), they were still rarely if ever met in astronomical literature until the 1970s.<ref name="Gaposchkin">{{cite book| last=Payne-Gaposchkin|first=Cecilia|author2=Katherine Haramundanis|title=Introduction to Astronomy|year=1970|publisher=Prentice-Hall|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.|isbn=0-13-478107-4}}</ref>

Two other proposals for naming the satellites were made between 1955 and 1975, both by Soviet astronomers, E. I. Nesterovich (in 1962) and Yu. A. Karpenko (in 1973).<ref name="Owen">{{cite journal |last=Owen |first=Tobias |date=September 1976 |title=Jovian Satellite Nomenclature |journal=Icarus |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=159–163 |bibcode=1976Icar...29..159O |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(76)90113-5}}</ref><ref name="Karpenko">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170811183434/http://astro-archive.prao.ru/ASTRO/Astro_archive/Books/ZiV/ZiV_1973_6.pdf Журнал "Земля и Вселенная" №6 1973 г]</ref> These met no particularly enthusiastic reception.

In 1975, following [[Charles Kowal]]'s discovery of the satellite Jupiter XIII in 1974, the [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] Task Group for Outer Solar System Nomenclature granted names to satellites V-XIII, and provided for a formal naming process for future satellites to be discovered. Under the new process, Jupiter V continued as [[Amalthea (moon)|Amalthea]], Jupiter XIII was named [[Leda (moon)|Leda]] in accordance with a suggestion of Kowal's, and all previous proposals for the seven satellites VI-XII were abandoned in favor of new names, in accordance with a scheme suggested by the German philologist [[Jürgen Blunck]] where [[direct motion|prograde]] moons received names ending in 'a' and [[retrograde motion|retrograde]] moons received names ending in 'e'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/02800/02846.html#Item6 |title=IAUC 2846: N Mon 1975 (= A0620-00); N Cyg 1975; 1975h; 1975g; 1975i; Sats OF JUPITER |publisher=Cbat.eps.harvard.edu |access-date=2011-11-06}}</ref>

The new names met considerable protest from some quarters. Kowal, despite suggesting a name for Jupiter XIII, was of the opinion that Jupiter's irregular satellites should not be named at all.<ref name="Kowal">{{cite journal |last=Kowal |first=Charles T. |date=December 1976 |title=The Case Against Names |journal=Icarus |volume=29 |issue=4 |page=513 |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(76)90071-3 |bibcode=1976Icar...29..513K}}</ref>  [[Carl Sagan]] noted that the names chosen were extraordinarily obscure (a fact that [[Tobias Owen, Sr.|Tobias Owen]], chair of the Task Group, admitted was intentional in a response to Sagan<ref name="Owen" />) and suggested his own names in 1976;<ref name="Sagan">{{cite journal |last=Sagan |first=Carl |date=April 1976 |title=On Solar System Nomenclature |journal=Icarus |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=575–576 |bibcode=1976Icar...27..575S |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(76)90175-5}}</ref> these preserved some of the names from the 1955 proposal. Karpenko had noted the same in his 1981 book "The Names of the Starry Sky", along with stating that the names chosen for retrograde moons, and therefore the "e" ending, were not always the ones for which it was the more common one.<ref>Ю. А. Карпенко, "Названия звёздного неба", 1981. pp. 94-96</ref>

The proposals are summarized in the table below (data from ''Icarus'' unless specified otherwise<ref name="Owen" /><ref name="Sagan" />):

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Number
! 1955 Proposal <br /> Brian Marsden<ref name="Marsden" />
! 1962 Proposal <br /> E. I. Nesterovich<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nesterovich |first=E. I. |year=1962 |title=On some regularities in structure of systems of planetary satellites |journal=Bulletin of VAGO (Astronomical-Geodetical Society of the U.S.S.R.) |volume=31 |issue=38 |pages=51–56}}</ref>
! 1973 Proposal <br /> Yu. A. Karpenko<ref name="Karpenko" />
! 1975 Proposal <br /> IAU Committee<ref name="Owen" />
! 1976 Proposal<br />Carl Sagan<ref name="Sagan" />
|-
| Jupiter VI
| [[Hestia]]
| [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]]
| Adrastea
| [[Himalia (moon)|Himalia]]
| [[Maia (mythology)|Maia]]
|-
| Jupiter VII
| [[Hera]]
| [[Hercules]]
| [[Danae]]
| [[Elara (moon)|Elara]]
| Hera
|-
| Jupiter VIII
| [[Poseidon]]
| [[Persephone]]
| [[Helen of Troy|Helen]]
| [[Pasiphae (moon)|Pasiphae]]
| [[Alcmene]]
|-
| Jupiter IX
| [[Hades]]
| [[Cerberus]]
| [[Mount Ida|Ida]]
| [[Sinope (moon)|Sinope]]
| [[Leto]]
|-
| Jupiter X
| [[Demeter]]
| [[Prometheus]]
| [[Latona]]
| [[Lysithea (moon)|Lysithea]]
| Demeter
|-
| Jupiter XI
| [[Pan (god)|Pan]]
| [[Daedalus|Dedalus]]
| [[Leda (mythology)|Leda]]
| [[Carme (moon)|Carme]]
| Semele
|-
| Jupiter XII
| [[Adrasteia|Adrastea]]
| [[Hephaestus]]
| [[Semele]]
| [[Ananke (moon)|Ananke]]
| Danae
|}

Current practice is that newly discovered moons of Jupiter must be named after lovers or descendants of the mythological [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]] ([[Zeus]]). Blunck's scheme for the outer moons was retained, with the addition that names ending in 'o' could also be used for prograde moons. At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004,<ref name="iau.org" /> the WGPSN allowed Jovian satellites to be named for [[Zeus]]' descendants in addition to his lovers and favorites which were the previous source of names, due to the large number of new Jovian satellites that had then recently been discovered. All of Jupiter's satellites from XXXIV ([[Euporie (moon)|Euporie]]) on were named for descendants of Zeus, until Jupiter LIII ([[Dia (moon)|Dia]]), named after another one of his lovers.

=== Saturn ===
{{Main|Moons of Saturn}}
In 1847, the seven then known moons of [[Saturn]] were named by [[John Herschel]]. Herschel named Saturn's two innermost moons (Mimas and Enceladus) after the mythological Greek [[Gigantes|Giants]], and the outer five after the [[Titan (mythology)|Titan]]s (Titan, Iapetus) and Titanesses (Tethys, Dione, Rhea) of the same mythology. Until then, [[Titan (moon)|Titan]] was known as the "Huygenian (or Huyghenian) satellite of Saturn" and the other moons had Roman numeral designations in order of their distance from Saturn. Subsequent discoverers of Saturnian moons followed Herschel's scheme: [[Hyperion (moon)|Hyperion]] was discovered soon after in 1848, and the ninth moon, [[Phoebe (moon)|Phoebe]], was named by its discoverer in 1899 soon after its discovery; they were named for a Titan and a Titaness respectively. The name of [[Janus (moon)|Janus]] was suggested by its discoverer, [[Audouin Dollfus]].

Current IAU practice for newly discovered inner moons is to continue with Herschel's system, naming them after Titans or their descendants. However, the increasing number of moons that were being discovered in the 21st century caused the IAU to draw up a new scheme for the outer moons. At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004,<ref name="iau.org" /> the WGPSN allowed satellites of Saturn to have names of giants and monsters in mythologies other than the Greco-Roman. Since the outer moons fall naturally into three groups, one group is named after [[Norse mythology|Norse]] giants, one after [[Celtic mythology|Gallic]] giants, and one after [[Inuit mythology|Inuit]] giants. The only moon that fails to fit this scheme is the Greek-named Phoebe, which is in the Norse group.

=== Uranus ===
{{Main|Moons of Uranus}}
The Roman numbering scheme of [[Uranus]]' moons was in a state of flux for a considerable time. Sir William Herschel thought he had discovered up to six moons and maybe even a ring. For nearly fifty years, Herschel's instrument was the only one the moons had been seen with.<ref>[[John Herschel|Herschel, J.]]; [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1834MNRAS...3Q..35H&amp;db_key=AST&amp;data_type=HTML&amp;format=&amp;high=45eb6e10af10464 ''On the Satellites of Uranus''], Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 3, No. 5 (March 14, 1834) pp. 35–36</ref> In the 1840s, better instruments and a more favourable position of Uranus in the sky led to sporadic indications of satellites additional to Titania and Oberon. Publications hesitated between William Herschel's designations (where Titania and Oberon are Uranus II and IV) and William Lassell's (where they are sometimes I and II).<ref>Lassell, W.; [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1848MNRAS...8...43.&amp;db_key=AST&amp;data_type=HTML&amp;format=&amp;high=45eb6e10af10464 ''Observations of Satellites of Uranus''], Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 8, No. 3 (January 14, 1848), pp. 43–44</ref> With the confirmation of Ariel and Umbriel, Lassell numbered the moons I through IV from Uranus outward, and this finally stuck.<ref>Lassell, W.; [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1851AJ......2...70L ''Letter from William Lassell, Esq., to the Editor''], Astronomical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 33 (signed November 11, 1851), p. 70</ref>

The first two Uranian moons, discovered in 1787, did not receive names until 1852, a year after two more moons had been discovered. The responsibility for naming was taken by [[John Herschel]], son of the discoverer of Uranus. Herschel, instead of assigning names from [[Greek mythology]], named the moons after magical spirits in [[English literature]]: the fairies [[Oberon]] and [[Titania (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Titania]] from [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', and the sylphs Ariel and Umbriel from [[Alexander Pope]]'s ''[[The Rape of the Lock]]'' ([[Ariel (The Tempest)|Ariel]] is also a sprite in Shakespeare's ''[[The Tempest]]''). The reasoning was presumably that Uranus, as god of the sky and air, would be attended by spirits of the air.

Subsequent names, rather than continuing the "airy spirits" theme (only [[Puck (moon)|Puck]] and [[Mab (moon)|Mab]] continuing the trend), have focused on Herschel's source material. In 1949, the fifth moon, [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]], was named by its discoverer, [[Gerard Kuiper]], after a thoroughly mortal character in Shakespeare's ''[[The Tempest (play)|The Tempest]]''. Current IAU practice is to name moons after characters from Shakespeare's plays and ''The Rape of the Lock'' (although at present only Ariel, Umbriel, and Belinda have names drawn from the latter poem, all the rest being from Shakespeare). All the retrograde irregular moons are named after characters from one play, ''The Tempest''; the only prograde irregular moon, [[Margaret (moon)|Margaret]], is named from ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]''.

=== Neptune ===
{{Main|Moons of Neptune}}
The one known moon (at the time) of [[Neptune]] was not named for many decades. Although the name [[Triton (moon)|Triton]] was suggested in 1880 by [[Camille Flammarion]], it did not come into general use until the mid 20th-century, and for many years was considered "unofficial". In the astronomical literature it was simply referred to as "the satellite of Neptune". Later, the second known moon, [[Nereid (moon)|Nereid]], was named by its discoverer in 1949, [[Gerard P. Kuiper]], soon after its discovery.

Current IAU practice for newly discovered Neptunian moons is to accord with these first two choices by naming them after Greek sea deities.

For the "normal" irregular satellites, the general convention is to use names ending in "a" for prograde satellites, names ending in "e" for retrograde satellites, and names ending in "o" for exceptionally inclined satellites, exactly like the convention for the [[moons of Jupiter]].<ref>{{cite book |editor=M. Antonietta Barucci |editor2=Hermann Boehnhardt |editor3=Dale P. Cruikshank |editor4=Alessandro Morbidelli |date=2008 |title=The Solar System Beyond Neptune |chapter=Irregular Satellites of the Giant Planets |chapter-url=http://home.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/pub/Nicholson2008KBOBook.pdf |page=414 |publisher=University of Arizona Press |isbn=9780816527557 |access-date=2017-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810063403/http://home.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/pub/Nicholson2008KBOBook.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Pluto ===
[[File:Pluto and its five moons.jpg|thumb|Pluto and its five moons.<ref>{{cite news|title=Names for New Pluto Moons Accepted by the IAU After Public Vote|url=http://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1303/|access-date=7 July 2013|newspaper=IAU Press Release}}</ref>]]

{{Main|Moons of Pluto}}
The name of [[Pluto]]'s moon [[Charon (moon)|Charon]] was suggested by [[James W. Christy]], its discoverer, soon after its discovery.

The other four moons are named [[Hydra (moon)|Hydra]], [[Nix (moon)|Nix]], [[Kerberos (moon)|Kerberos]], and [[Styx (moon)|Styx]].

Charon, Hydra, Nix, and Kerberos are all characters in Greek mythology, with ties to Hades (the Greek equivalent of Pluto).  [[Charon (mythology)|Charon]] ferries the dead across the River Acheron, [[Lernaean Hydra|Hydra]] guards the waters of the underworld, and Nix (a respelling of [[Nyx (mythology)|Nyx]]), mother of Charon, is the goddess of darkness and the night. [[Cerberus|Kerberos]] is a giant three-headed dog who guards the entrance to the underworld. The fifth moon is named for the river [[Styx]] that forms the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead.

=== Eris ===
{{Main|Dysnomia (moon)}}
The name of [[136199 Eris|Eris's]] moon [[Dysnomia (moon)|Dysnomia]] was suggested by its discoverer [[Michael E. Brown]], who also suggested the name of the dwarf planet. The name has two meanings: in mythology [[Dysnomia (mythology)|Dysnomia]] (lawlessness) is the daughter of [[Eris (mythology)|Eris]] (chaos). However, the name is also an intentional reference to the actor [[Lucy Lawless]] who plays the character [[Xena: Warrior Princess|Xena]]. The background for this is that during the long period when Eris had no formal name, the name 'Xena' – originally Brown's nickname for his discovery – spread and became popular. When the name 'Eris' was chosen, Brown suggested Dysnomia (which until then had been referred to as [[Gabrielle (Xena)|Gabrielle]]) as a reference to this.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tytell |first=David |url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/news/home/3916126.html |title=Tytell, David: All hail Eris and Dysnomia |publisher=Skyandtelescope.com |date=2006-09-14 |access-date=2011-11-06 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120527001734/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/news/home/3916126.html |archive-date=2012-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hence, Dysnomia is the only moon which could be said to be named after an actor. The names Eris and Dysnomia were accepted by the IAU on 14 September 2006.

=== Haumea ===
{{Main|Moons of Haumea}}
The name of [[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]] and its [[Moons of Haumea|moons]] were suggested by [[David L. Rabinowitz]] of [[Caltech]] and refer to the mother goddess and her daughters in [[Hawaiian mythology]].

=== Gonggong ===
{{Main|Xiangliu (moon)}}
When the discoverers of Gonggong proposed choices for a public vote on its name, they chose figures that had associates that could provide a name for the satellite.<ref name="ann19021">{{cite web
  |title      = Astronomers Invite the Public to Help Name Kuiper Belt Object
  |url        = https://www.iau.org/news/announcements/detail/ann19021/
  |publisher  = International Astronomical Union
  |date       = 10 April 2019
  |access-date = 12 May 2019}}</ref> Xiangliu's name was chosen by its discovery team led by Csaba Kiss.<ref name="results">{{cite web
  |title      = The People Have Voted on 2007 OR10's Future Name!
  |url        = http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2019/or10-vote-results.html
  |first      = M. |last = Schwamb |author-link=Megan Schwamb
  |publisher  = The Planetary Society
  |date       = 29 May 2019
  |access-date = 29 May 2019}}</ref>

=== Quaoar ===
{{Main|Weywot}}

Quaoar was named after the creator god of the [[Tongva]] tribe. Brown, who had co-discovered both Quaoar and its moon, left the name of the moon up to the Tongva. The Tongva chose the sky god [[Weywot (mythology)|Weywot]], son of Quaoar.<ref name=Search>[http://www.searchmagazine.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/July-August%202008/full-heavenly-bodies.html "Heavenly Bodies and the People of the Earth"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20090105205052/http://www.searchmagazine.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/July-August%202008/full-heavenly-bodies.html |date=2009-01-05 }}, Nick Street, ''Search Magazine,'' July/August 2008</ref>

=== Orcus ===
{{Main|Vanth (moon)}}
On 23 March 2009, Brown asked readers of his weekly column to suggest possible names for the satellite of Orcus which he had codiscovered, with the best one to be submitted to the [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) on 5 April.<ref name="MBP">
{{cite web
| date = 23 March 2009
| title = S/1 90482 (2005) needs your help
| publisher = Mike Brown's Planets (blog)
| author = Michael E. Brown
| author-link = Michael E. Brown
| url = http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2009/03/s1-90482-2005-needs-your-help.html
| access-date = 25 March 2009
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090328012339/http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2009/03/s1-90482-2005-needs-your-help.html| archive-date= 28 March 2009 
| url-status= live
}}
</ref> The name [[Vanth]], the winged [[Etruscan mythology|Etruscan]] [[psychopomp]] who guides the souls of the dead to the underworld, was chosen from among a large pool of submissions. Vanth was the only suggestion that was purely Etruscan in origin. It was the most popular submission, first suggested by [[Sonya Taaffe]].<ref name="brown16">
{{cite web
| date = 6 April 2009
| title = Orcus Porcus
| publisher = Mike Brown's Planets (blog)
| author = Michael E. Brown
| author-link = Michael E. Brown
| url = http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2009/04/orcus-porcus.html
| access-date = 6 April 2009
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090414072654/http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2009/04/orcus-porcus.html
| archive-date= 14 April 2009 | url-status= live
}}
</ref>

The Etruscan Vanth is frequently portrayed in the company of [[Charun]] (Charon), and so as the name of the moon of Orcus (nicknamed the "anti-Pluto" because resonance with Neptune keeps it on the opposite side of the Sun from Pluto), it is an allusion to the parallels between Orcus and {{dp|Pluto}}. Brown quoted Taaffe as saying that if Vanth "accompanies dead souls from the moment of death to the underworld itself, then of course her face is turned always toward Orcus", a reference to the likely synchronous orbit of Vanth about Orcus.<ref name=brown16 />

=== Asteroids and other trans-Neptunian objects ===
{{Main|Asteroid moon}}
Unlike the planets and dwarf planets, relatively few moons orbiting asteroids have been named. Among them are the following:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name of moon
! Name of primary
! Roman numeral
|-
| [[Dactyl (moon)|Dactyl]]
| [[243 Ida]]
| I
|-
| [[Echidna (moon)|Echidna]]
| [[42355 Typhon]]
| I
|-
| [[Linus (moon)|Linus]]
| [[22 Kalliope]]
| I
|-
| [[Menoetius (moon)|Menoetius]]
| [[617 Patroclus]]
| I
|-
| [[Petit-Prince (moon)|Petit-Prince]]
| [[45 Eugenia]]
| I
|-
| Phorcys
| [[65489 Ceto]]
| I
|-
| [[Remus (moon)|Remus]]
| [[87 Sylvia]]
| II
|-
| [[Romulus (moon)|Romulus]]
| [[87 Sylvia]]
| I
|-
| [[Sawiskera (moon)|Sawiskera]]
| [[88611 Teharonhiawako]]
| I
|-
| Zoe
| [[58534 Logos]]
| I
|}