Editing Nasdaq Nordic (section)

==History==
===Origins===
'''OM AB''' ('''''O'''ptions'''m'''äklarna'') was a [[futures exchange]] founded by Olof Stenhammar in the 1980s to introduce trading in standardized [[option (finance)|option]] contracts in [[Sweden]]. OM acquired the [[Stockholm Stock Exchange]] in 1998<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasdaqomx.com/whoweare/milestones/ |title=Milestones |access-date=28 September 2010 |publisher=NASDAQ OMX Group |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826051825/http://www.nasdaqomx.com/whoweare/milestones/ |archive-date=26 August 2010}}</ref> and unsuccessfully attempted acquisition of the [[London Stock Exchange]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite news |last= Treanor |first= Jill |title= Stock Exchange teams up with OM |url= https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/dec/10/3 |work= [[The Guardian]] |date= 10 December 2002 |access-date= 29 February 2008 |location= London |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140910093929/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/dec/10/3 |archive-date= 10 September 2014}}</ref> During the [[dot-com bubble]] in the early 2000s, OM, together with investment bank [[Morgan Stanley|Morgan Stanley Dean Witter]], launched a virtual European stock exchange called Jiway. The project was not successful<ref>{{cite news |title=OM losses shock analysts |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1283149.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=18 April 2001 |access-date=29 February 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512141501/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1283149.stm |archive-date=12 May 2006}}</ref> and was cancelled on 14 October 2002.<ref>{{cite news
 |title       = City briefing: Jiway eases bourse clutter
 |url         = https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/oct/15/3
 |work        = [[The Guardian]]
 |date        = 15 October 2002
 |access-date  = 29 February 2008
 |location    = London
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140909220803/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/oct/15/3
 |archive-date = 9 September 2014}}</ref>

===Acquisition of other exchanges===
On 3 September 2003, the [[Helsinki Stock Exchange]] (HEX) merged with OM and the joint company became '''OM HEX'''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Leighton-Jones |first=Phillipa |title=OMHex appoints new chief executive as trading begins |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-107354904.html |work=[[Financial News]] |date=4 September 2003 |access-date=29 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517025440/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-107354904.html |archive-date=17 May 2011}}</ref> On 31 August 2004, the company name was changed to OMX.<ref>{{cite news
 |title= OMHEX changes name to OMX |url=http://www.finextra.com/fullpr.asp?id=1849
 |work=[[Finextra]] |date=31 August 2004 |access-date=29 February 2008}}</ref> OMX then acquired the [[Copenhagen Stock Exchange]] in January 2005<ref name="history" /> for €164 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Akerhielm |first=Maria |title=OMX to Buy Copenhagen Exchange |work=[[Dow Jones Newswires]] |date=16 November 2004 |access-date=29 February 2008 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110055938532074717 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310125456/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB110055938532074717 |archive-date=10 March 2016}}</ref> On 19 September 2006, [[Iceland Stock Exchange]] owner Eignarhaldsfelagid Verdbrefathing (EV) announced it would be acquired by OMX in a deal valuing the company at 250 million [[Swedish krona|SEK]].<ref>{{cite news|title=OMX to buy Iceland bourse owner in all share deal |work=[[AFX News]] |date=19 September 2006 |access-date=29 February 2008 |url=https://www.forbes.com/business/feeds/afx/2006/09/19/afx3026507.html }}{{dead link|date=January 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The transaction was completed by the end of the year.<ref name="history" />

The company took a 10% stake in [[Oslo Børs Holding]] ASA, the owner of the [[Oslo Stock Exchange]] in October 2006. As of September 2016, Nasdaq is not a major shareholder in the Oslo Stock Exchange holding company, which following a merger is currently called ''Oslo Børs VPS Holding ASA''. Nasdaq has, however, publicly stated its interest in eventually acquiring the Oslo Stock Exchange.<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.osloborsvps.no/obvps_eng/Oslo-Boers-VPS/The-share/Top-20-Shareholders
 |title       = Top 20 Shareholders
 |access-date  = 2 September 2016
 |publisher   = Oslo Børs VPS
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923233002/http://www.osloborsvps.no/obvps_eng/Oslo-Boers-VPS/The-share/Top-20-Shareholders
 |archive-date = 23 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.osloborsvps.no/obvps_eng/Oslo-Boers-VPS/About-Oslo-Boers-VPS
 |title       = About Oslo Børs VPS
 |access-date  = 2 September 2016
 |publisher   = Oslo Børs VPS
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160831131113/http://www.osloborsvps.no/obvps_eng/Oslo-Boers-VPS/About-Oslo-Boers-VPS
 |archive-date = 31 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 |title       = Nasdaq interested in Oslo Bors, but feels Norwegian chill
 |work   = [[Reuters]]|date        = 31 March 2016
 |access-date  = 2 September 2016
 |url         = https://www.reuters.com/article/nasdaq-oslo-bors-vps-idUSL2N1731R2
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160915135942/http://www.reuters.com/article/nasdaq-oslo-bors-vps-idUSL2N1731R2
 |archive-date = 15 September 2016}}</ref>

In November 2007, OMX acquired the [[Armenia Securities Exchange|Armenian Stock Exchange]] and the [[Central Depository of Armenia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cisionwire.com/omx/omx-acquires-the-armenian-stock-exchange-and-the-central-depository-of-armenia-2|title=OMX - press release|publisher=Cision Wire|access-date=21 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716004433/http://www.cisionwire.com/omx/omx-acquires-the-armenian-stock-exchange-and-the-central-depository-of-armenia-2|archive-date=16 July 2009}}</ref>

===Expansion of offerings===
In December 2005, OMX started [[First North]], an alternative exchange for smaller companies, in [[Denmark]]. The First North exchange expanded to [[Stockholm]] in June 2006, [[Iceland]] in January 2007 and [[Helsinki]] in April 2007.<ref>{{cite news
 |title= OMX: First North Services Expand to Finland |work=[[Business Wire]]
 |date=3 April 2007 |access-date=29 February 2008
 |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30215294_ITM}}</ref> The Markets Technology division of [[Computershare]] was acquired in 2006. The acquisition greatly expanded its product offerings and made its client list the largest of all trading system technology providers.{{Cn|date=August 2021}}

On 2 October 2006, the group launched a virtual Nordic Stock Exchange after merging the individual lists of shares traded at its three [[Wholly-owned|wholly owned]] [[Nordic countries|Nordic]] exchanges into a combined Nordic List.<ref>{{cite press release
 |title= The OMX Nordic Exchange strengthens its position as a leading European marketplace
 |publisher=OMX |date=2 October 2006 |access-date=29 February 2008 |url= http://www.omxnordicexchange.com/newsandstatistics/marketnotices/Article/?msgId=619404&lang=en}}</ref> Companies listed on the Iceland Stock Exchange have also since been merged into the list. OMX also launched a pan-regional benchmark index known as the [[OMX Nordic 40]] on the same date; however, the individual exchanges also retained their own national benchmark indices.{{Cn|date=August 2021}}

===NASDAQ takeover===
[[File:NASDAQ OMX Group.svg|thumb|Former logo used from 1971 to 2014, with Nasdaq logo added in 2007]]
On 25 May 2007, American stock exchange [[NASDAQ]] agreed to buy OMX for US$3.7 billion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nasdaq bids $3.7bn for Nordic OMX |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6690419.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=25 May 2007 |access-date=29 February 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004024503/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6690419.stm |archive-date=4 October 2007}}</ref> In August, however, [[Borse Dubai]] offered US$4 billion, prompting speculation of a [[bidding war]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dubai in $4bn bid for Nordic OMX |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6951878.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=17 August 2007 |access-date=29 February 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123070525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6951878.stm |archive-date=23 November 2008}}</ref> On 20 September 2007, Borse Dubai agreed to stop competing to buy OMX in return for a 20% stake and 5 percent of votes in NASDAQ, as well as NASDAQ's then-28% stake in the [[London Stock Exchange Group|London Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Magnusson |first=Niklas |author2=McSheehy, Will |title=Dubai to Buy Stakes in Nasdaq, LSE; Strikes OMX Deal |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aqzGAS7oAezg |work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |date=20 September 2007 |access-date=29 February 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116135127/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087 |archive-date=16 January 2008}}</ref> In a complex transaction, Borse Dubai acquired 97.2% of OMX's outstanding shares before selling them to NASDAQ.<ref>{{cite news |title= Borse Dubai completes planned sale of OMX to Nasdaq |url= http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/27/business/EU-FIN-Sweden-Borse-Dubai-OMX.php |agency= [[Associated Press]]|work= [[International Herald Tribune]] |date=27 September 2007 |access-date=29 February 2008}}</ref> The newly merged company was renamed the NASDAQ OMX Group<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grant |first1=Jeremy |title=Nasdaq OMX launches new equity platform |url=https://www.ft.com/content/eb6f9f68-f5a5-11dc-8d3d-000077b07658 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/eb6f9f68-f5a5-11dc-8d3d-000077b07658 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=ft.com |access-date=12 September 2021 |date=19 March 2008}}</ref> upon completion of the deal on 27 February 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cameron |first1=Doug |title=Nasdaq OMX Takes a Rest After String of Mergers. Exchange's Focus Reaching Synergies But Hands are Full |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121918367696354633 |website=wsj.com |access-date=12 September 2021 |date=20 August 2008}}</ref>