Editing Native schools (section)

==Church and missionary schools==
The CMS founded its first mission at [[Rangihoua Bay|Rangihoua]] in the [[Bay of Islands]] in 1814 and over the next decade established schools in the Bay of Islands, the first being run by [[Thomas Kendall]] from 1816 to 1818. Education of Māori children and adults advanced with the arrival of [[Henry Williams (missionary)|Henry Williams]] and his wife [[Marianne Williams|Marianne]] in 1823.<ref name="Fitzgerald2011">{{cite book |last1= Fitzgerald |first1= Caroline |title= Te Wiremu: Henry Williams – Early Years in the North |year=2011|publisher= Huia Publishers, New Zealand |isbn=978-1-86969-439-5  }}</ref><ref name="Fitzgerald2004-2">{{cite book |last1= Fitzgerald  |first1= Caroline |title= Marianne Williams: Letters from the Bay of Islands |year=2004|publisher= Penguin Books, New Zealand |isbn=0-14-301929-5  }}</ref> In 1826 Henry's brother [[William Williams (bishop)|William Williams]] and his wife [[Jane Williams (missionary)|Jane]] joined the CMS mission and settled at [[Paihia]] in the Bay of Islands, where schools were established. [[Richard Taylor (missionary)|Richard Taylor]] was appointed as head of the CMS school at [[Te Waimate mission]] in 1839 and remained there until 1842.<ref name="Feb1844">{{cite web |title= The Church Missionary Gleaner, February 1844 |work= Missionary Meeting at Waimate, New Zealand|access-date=13 October 2015 |url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1844_02/8 |publisher = [[Adam Matthew Digital]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Mar1844">{{cite web |title= The Church Missionary Gleaner, March 1844 |work= A Native Congregation at Waimate – Contrast between the Past and the Present|access-date=13 October 2015 |url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1844_03/10 |publisher = [[Adam Matthew Digital]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Schools for Māori children and adults were established in locations where the CMS established mission stations. For example, William Williams and his family arrived at Tūranga, [[Poverty Bay]], on 20 January 1840.<ref>{{cite web |first = William | last = Williams |title= The Church Missionary Gleaner, April 1841 |work=Formation of a Church Mission at Turanga, or Poverty Bay, New Zealand|access-date=9 October 2015 |url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS_OX_Gleaner_1841_01/23| publisher = [[Adam Matthew Digital]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The schools run by William and Jane were well attended; the school opened with five classes for men, two classes for women and classes for boys. Classes covered practical knowledge as well as teaching of the scriptures.<ref name="LF">{{cite book |last1= Fowler |first1= Leo |title= Te Mana o Turanga|year=1974 |publisher=Penrose Printing / N.Z. Historic Places Trust |page= 1 & 4 }}</ref>

Early missionary schools were often conducted in the [[Māori language]], which was the predominant language throughout the early part of the 19th century. Māori who had attended mission schools set up their own schools back in their villages.<ref name=Calman2/> By the 1860s, three-quarters of the Māori population could read in Māori and two-thirds could write in Māori. 

The Education Ordinance of 1847 provided some funding for mission schools and required them to conduct classes in English in order to receive the [[subsidy|subsidies]]. [[Te Aute College]] was established by [[Samuel Williams (missionary)|Samuel Williams]] of the CMS in 1854. The Native Schools Act 1858 continued the subsidies for [[church school|church boarding school]]s for Māori. The mission schools struggled to conduct all teaching in English, and many continued to teach in Māori.<ref name=Calman2/> The Roman Catholic [[St Joseph's Māori Girls' College]] was established by the [[Congregation of Our Lady of the Missions|Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions]] in 1867.

The [[New Zealand Wars]] caused many of the mission schools to close.<ref name=Calman2>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Māori education – mātauranga – Missionaries and the early colonial period |encyclopedia=Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |last=Calman |first=Ross |url= https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/page-2 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130730211653if_/https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/page-2 |archive-date=30 July 2013|date=20 June 2012|access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref> However, Te Aute College and St Joseph's Māori Girls' College, both in Hawke's Bay, were not impacted by the wars. The Anglican [[Hukarere Girls' College]] was established in Napier in 1875. Catholic priests and brothers established other schools for Māori, including [[Hato Petera College]] ([[Auckland]]) in 1928 and [[Hato Paora College]] ([[Feilding]]) in 1947.