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Necho I
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==Biography== In {{BCE|672}} Necho became ruler of Sais, assuming the [[Ancient Egyptian royal titulary|pharaonic titulary]], and a year later the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire|Assyrians]] led by [[Esarhaddon]] invaded Egypt. Necho became one of Esarhaddon's vassals, and the latter confirmed Necho's office and his possessions, as well as giving him new territories, possibly including the city of [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]].<ref name=TIP117>{{harvp|Kitchen|1996|loc=§ 117}}</ref> In {{BCE|669}}, King [[Taharqa]] of the [[25th Dynasty]] was advancing from the south toward the [[Nile Delta]] principalities which were formally under Assyrian control; Esarhaddon prepared himself to return to Egypt to repel the invader, but died suddenly. Esarhaddon's death led to a political crisis in the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire]] but at the end his son [[Ashurbanipal]] managed to become the new undisputed monarch. The [[counter-offensive]] planned by his father took place in 667–{{BCE|666}}.<ref>{{harvp|Kitchen|1996|loc=§ 353}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Picchi|1997|p=49}}</ref> Taharqa was defeated and driven back to [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]], but Ashurbanipal found that the fleeing king and some of the rulers of [[Lower Egypt]] – named ''Pekrur'' of ''Pishaptu'' ([[Per-Sopdu]]), ''[[Šarru-lu-dari|Sharruludari]]'' of ''Ṣinu'' (maybe [[Pelusium]]) and ''Nikuu'' (Necho I) – were plotting against him. The Assyrian king captured the conspirators, killed part of the population of the cities they governed, and deported the prisoners to [[Nineveh]].<ref>{{harvp|Picchi|1997|pp=48–52}}</ref> Unexpectedly, Necho was pardoned by the Assyrian king, and was reinstated at Sais with his previous possessions as well as many new territories as a gift, while his son Psamtik (called ''Nabusezibanni'' in Akkadian) was made mayor of [[Athribis]].<ref name=Picchi52>{{harvp|Picchi|1997|p=52}}</ref><ref name=oxf/> It has been suggested that with his magnanimity Ashurbanipal hoped to rely on the loyalty of an Egyptian ally in the event of another offensive led by the 25th Dynasty pharaohs, and perhaps to inspire and strengthen a rivalry between the two families (i.e., [[Kingdom of Kush|Kushites]] and Saites) because of shared interests.<ref name=Picchi52/> According to historical records, Necho I was slain in {{BCE|664}} near Memphis while defending his realms from a new Kushite offensive led by Taharqa's successor [[Tantamani]]<ref name=Picchi52/><ref name=oxf/><ref>{{harvp|Kitchen|1996|loc=§§ 117, 354}}</ref> while Psamtik fled to Nineveh under Ashurbanipal's aegis. This Nubian invasion into the Egyptian Delta was subsequently (664–{{BCE|663}}) repelled by the Assyrians who proceeded to advance south into [[Upper Egypt]] and performed the infamous [[sack of Thebes]].<ref>{{harvp|Kitchen|1996|loc=§ 354}}</ref> With the Nile Delta secured once again, Psamtik I was appointed with his dead father's offices and territories. Later, he ultimately was successful in reuniting Egypt under his sole control.<ref>{{harvp|Spalinger|2001|p=74}}</ref> ===Family=== {{see also|Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree}} Danish [[Egyptologist]] [[Kim Ryholt]] made claims regarding Necho I: studying a papyrus from [[Tebtunis]], he stated that Necho I was the son of a king named Tefnakht, presumably [[Tefnakht II]].<ref name=RyholtGot>{{harvp|Ryholt|2011b|pp=123–127}}</ref> Ryholt also put in discussion the existence of [[Nekauba]] who was the purported predecessor of Necho I and possibly his brother; Ryholt suggested that the few, dubious documents regarding Nekauba should be attributed to the later [[Necho II]] instead, and that Necho I was the direct successor of Tefnakht II.<ref name=RyholtJea>{{harvp|Ryholt|2011a}}</ref> French historian [[Christian Settipani]] believes that Necho married Istemabet, and they were the parents of Psamtik I.<ref name=Settipani>{{harvp|Settipani|1991|pp=153, 160, 161–162}}</ref> According to British Egyptologist [[Kenneth Kitchen]], it is possible that princess Ta-khered-en-ta-ihet-[weret] was Necho's daughter, given in a [[Marriage of state|politically arranged marriage]] to the local ruler of [[Heracleopolis Magna|Herakleopolis]], Pediese.<ref>{{harvp|Kitchen|1996|loc=§§ 201, 363}}</ref> A now-lost limestone lintel from [[Luxor]] depicted a chantress of [[Amun]] named Meresamun along with a Saite form of [[Osiris]] and the [[Divine Adoratrice of Amun]] [[Shepenupet II]]; Meresamun is called "royal daughter of the lord of the Two lands, Nec[...]", the latter name written within a royal [[cartouche]]. It appears likely that Meresamun's royal father was no other than Necho I who sent his daughter to the [[Precinct of Amun-Re]] in [[Karnak]], thus marking the beginning of the Saite influence in the city of Thebes.<ref name=CP>{{harvp|Coulon|Payraudeau|2015|pp=21–31}}</ref>
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