Editing Netbook (section)

== History ==

[[File:ASUS Eee White Alt.jpg|thumb|An [[Asus Eee PC]] 700, the first mass-produced netbook, which used a 7-inch screen, here running [[Linux]]|left]]
While [[Psion (computers)|Psion]] had an unrelated [[Psion netBook|netBook]] line of machines, the use of the broad marketing term "netbook", began in 2007 when [[Asus]] unveiled the [[Asus Eee PC]]. Originally designed for emerging markets, the {{convert|23|x|17|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} device weighed about {{convert|0.9|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} and featured a {{convert|7|in|cm|abbr=on}} display, a keyboard approximately 85% the size of a normal keyboard, a [[solid-state drive]] and a custom version of [[Linux]] with a simplified [[Graphical user interface|user interface]] geared towards consumer use.<ref name="PCMag2">{{cite web |last=Bajarin |first=Tim |title=Netbooks vs. Notebooks |work= PCMagazine |date=September 12, 2008 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2330274,00.asp}}</ref> Following the Eee PC, [[Everex]] launched its Linux-based [[CloudBook]]; [[Windows XP]] and [[Windows Vista]] models were also introduced and [[Micro-Star International|MSI]] released the [[MSI Wind Netbook|Wind]]&mdash;others soon followed suit.

The [[OLPC]] project followed the same market goals laid down by the [[eMate 300]] eight years earlier.<ref name="MacWorld">{{cite web |last=Edwards |first=Benj |title=The Forgotten eMate 300 -- 15 years later |work= MacWorld |date=December 21, 2012 |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/2020270/the-forgotten-emate-300-15-years-later.html}}</ref><ref name="eMate300documentation">{{cite web |title=Apple eMate 300 Quick Fact Sheet |work= Apple |date=1996 |url=https://msu.edu/~luckie/gallery/emate300.htm}}</ref> Known for its innovation in producing a durable, cost- and power-efficient netbook for [[developing countries]], it is regarded as one of the major factors that led more top computer hardware manufacturers to begin creating low-cost netbooks for the consumer market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pcplus.techradar.com/node/3257 |title=OLPC: The History Of One Laptop Per Child |website=[[TechRadar]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117185323/http://pcplus.techradar.com/node/3257 |archive-date=November 17, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>[[File:HP Mini 1000.jpg|thumb|An [[HP Mini 1000]] netbook]]

When the first Asus Eee PC sold over 300,000 units in four months, companies such as [[Dell]] and [[Acer Inc.|Acer]] took note and began producing their own inexpensive netbooks. And while the [[OLPC XO-1]] targets a different audience than do the other manufacturers' netbooks, it appears that [[OLPC]] is now facing competition. Developing countries now have a large choice of vendors, from which they can choose which low-cost netbook they prefer.<ref>Kraemer et al.: "One Laptop Per Child: Vision vs. Reality", ''Communications of the ACM'', June 2009.</ref>
[[File:Netbook popularity in 2008 (PriceGrabber).png|thumb|Netbook market popularity within laptops in second half of 2008 based on the number of product clicks in the Laptop Subcategory per month by [[PriceGrabber]]<ref name="pricegrabber" />]]
By late 2008, netbooks began to take [[market share]] away from [[Laptop|notebooks]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/10/04/1827200 |title="Netbooks" Move Up In Notebook Rankings |access-date=October 23, 2008 |author=Ian Lamont |date=October 4, 2008 |work=Slashdot}}</ref> It was more successful than earlier "mini notebooks," most likely because of lower cost and greater compatibility with mainstream laptops.

Having peaked at about 20% of the portable computer market, netbooks started to slightly lose market share (within the category) in early 2010, coinciding with the appearance and success of the [[iPad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/science/apples-ipad-nabs-netbook-market-share/ |title=Apple's iPad nabs Netbook market share}}</ref> Technology commentator Ross Rubin argued two and a half years later in [[Engadget]] that "Netbooks never got any respect.  While Steve Jobs rebuked the netbook at the iPad's introduction, the iPad owes a bit of debt to the little laptops. The netbook demonstrated the potential of an inexpensive, portable second computing device, with a screen size of about 10 inches, intended primarily for [[media consumption]] and light productivity."<ref name="rubin">{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/07/08/the-netbook-legacy/ |title=Switched On: The Netbook Legacy |author=Ross Rubin |date=July 8, 2012 |website=[[Engadget]]}}</ref> Although some manufacturers directly blamed competition from the iPad, some analysts pointed out that larger, fully fledged laptops had entered the price range of netbooks at about the same time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2399496,00.asp |title=Are Netbooks Finally Dead? |author=Tim Bajarin |date=January 30, 2012 |website=[[PC Magazine]]}}</ref>

The 11.6-inch [[MacBook Air]], introduced in late 2010, compared favorably to many netbooks in terms of processing power but also ergonomics, at 2.3 pounds being lighter than some 10-inch netbooks, owing in part to the integration of the flash storage chips on the main logic board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laptopmag.com/review/laptops/apple-macbook-pro-air-11-inch-2010.aspx |title=Apple 11-inch MacBook Air Review |author=Mark Spoonauer |date=October 21, 2010 |website=Laptopmag}}</ref> It was described as a superlative netbook (or at least as what a netbook should be) by several technology commentators,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.ft.com/tech-blog/2010/10/macbook-air-my-new-favourite-netbook/ |title=MacBook Air – my new favourite netbook |author=Chris Nuttall |website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref><ref name="cn1">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/macbook-air-a-great-windows-netbook-for-a-price/ |title=MacBook Air a great Windows Netbook, for a price |website=[[CNET]]}}</ref><ref name="benz">{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/macbook-air-11-inch-what-a-netbook-should-look-like/ |title=MacBook Air 11-inch: What a netbook should look like |website=[[ZDNet]]}}</ref> even though Apple has never referred to it as such, sometimes describing it—in the words of [[Steve Jobs]]—as "the third kind of notebook."<ref name="cn1" /> The entry-level model had an [[MSRP]] of $999,<ref name="cn1" /> costing as much as three or four times more than the average netbook.<ref name="rubin" />

In 2011 tablet sales overtook netbooks for the first time, and in 2012 netbook sales fell by 25 percent, year-on-year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2012/feb/03/netbooks-pc-canalys-tablet |title=Netbooks plummet while tablets and smartphones soar, says Canalys |website=[[The Guardian]]|date=February 3, 2012 |last1=Arthur |first1=Charles }}</ref> The sustained decline since 2010 had been most pronounced in the United States and in Western Europe, while Latin America was still showing some modest growth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/250055/are_netbooks_dead_the_prognosis_is_grim.html |title=Are Netbooks Dead? The Prognosis Is Grim Netbook sales are declining precipitously |author=Loyd Case |website=[[PC World]] |date=February 21, 2012}}</ref> In December 2011, [[Dell]] announced that it was exiting the netbook market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/246369/dell_abandons_netbooks_in_favor_of_ultrabooks.html |title=Dell Abandons Netbooks in Favor of Ultrabooks |author=Melanie Pinola |website=[[PC World]] |date=December 16, 2011}}</ref> In May 2012, [[Toshiba]] announced it was doing the same, at least in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fingas|first=Jon|title=Toshiba bows out of netbooks in the US, sees Ultrabooks as the wave of the future|date=May 25, 2012 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/05/25/toshiba-bows-out-of-netbooks-in-the-us/|access-date=December 21, 2013|publisher=Engadget.com}}</ref> An August 2012 article by [[John C. Dvorak]] in ''[[PC Magazine]]'' claimed that the term "netbook" was "nearly gone from the lexicon already", having been superseded in the market place largely by the more powerful (and MacBook Air inspired) [[Ultrabook]]—described as "a netbook on steroids"—and to a lesser extent by tablets.<ref name="dvorak">{{cite web |author=John C. Dvorak |author-link=John C. Dvorak |date=August 23, 2012 |title=Where Did All the Netbooks Go? |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2408861,00.asp |website=[[PC Magazine]]}}</ref> In September 2012 Asus, Acer and MSI announced that they will stop manufacturing 10-inch netbooks.<ref name="digiSep2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20120903PD208.html |title=Intel may need to adjust roadmap for PC-use Atom processors |author1=Monica Chen |author2=Joseph Tsai |author2-link=Joseph Tsai |website=DIGITIMES |date=September 3, 2012}}</ref> Simultaneously Asus announced they would stop developing all Eee PC products, instead focusing on their mixed tablet-netbook [[Asus Transformer|Transformer]] line.<ref name="digiSep2012" />

With the introduction of [[Chromebook]]s, major manufacturers produced the new laptops for the same segment of the market that netbooks serviced. Chromebooks, a variation on the [[network computer]] concept, in the form of a netbook, require internet connections for full functionality. Chromebooks became top selling laptops in 2014. The threat of Google ChromeOS based Chromebooks prompted Microsoft to revive and revamp netbooks with ''Windows 8.1 with Bing''. HP re-entered the non-Chromebook netbook market with the ''Stream 11'' in 2014.<ref name="Ars-2014-12-06">{{cite web |author=Andrew Cunningham |date=December 6, 2014 |title=Don't call it a netbook (or a "Chromebook killer")—HP's $200 Stream 11 reviewed |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/12/chromebook-in-the-streets-windows-in-the-sheets-hps-200-stream-11-reviewed/ |publisher=Ars Technica}}</ref>.[[File:Samsung_N130_Netbook_running_Windows_XP,_11_December_2019.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Samsung N130]], manufactured in 2010. Although [[Windows XP]] was in the process of being supplanted by its successors, [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]], some netbook manufacturers offered the operating system alongside its successors.]]

=== Educational use ===
In Australia, the [[New South Wales]] [[Department of Education and Training (New South Wales)|Department of Education and Training]], in partnership with [[Lenovo]], provided Year 9 (high school) students in government high schools with Lenovo S10e netbooks in 2009, Lenovo Mini 10 netbooks in 2010, Lenovo Edge 11 netbooks in 2011 and a modified Lenovo X130e netbook in 2012, each preloaded with software including [[Microsoft Office]] and [[Adobe Systems]]' Creative Suite 4. These were provided under Prime Minister [[Kevin Rudd]]'s Digital Education Revolution, or DER. The netbooks ran [[Windows 7 Enterprise]]. These netbooks were secured with Computrace Lojack for laptops that the police can use to track the device if it is lost or stolen. The NSW DET retains ownership of these netbooks until the student graduates from Year 12, when the student can keep it. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago&mdash;Prime Minister Kamla Persad Bisseser&mdash;is also providing HP laptops to form 1 Students (11-year-olds) with the same police trackable software as above.

[[Greece]] provided all 13-year-old students (middle school, or ''[[Gymnasium (school)#Countries with gymnasium schools|gymnasium]]'', freshmen) and their teachers with netbooks in 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalaid.gr/defaulteng.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531183644/http://www.digitalaid.gr/defaulteng.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 31, 2009 |title=Digital Aid S.A |publisher=Digitalaid.gr |access-date=December 21, 2013}}</ref> through the "Digital Classroom Initiative". Students were given one unique coupon each, with which they redeemed the netbook of their choice, up to a €450 price ceiling, in participating shops throughout the country. These netbooks came bundled with localized versions of either [[Windows XP]] (or higher) or [[Open-source software|open source]] (e.g. [[Linux]]) operating systems, wired and wireless networking functionality, antivirus protection, preactivated parental controls, and an educational software package.