Editing Neuropsychological test (section)

==Categories==
Most forms of cognition actually involve multiple cognitive functions working in unison, however tests can be organised into broad categories based on the cognitive function which they predominantly assess.<ref name="Lezak2012">{{cite book |title=Neuropsychological Assessment |last1=Lezak |first1=Muriel D. |last2=Howieson |first2=Diane B. |last3=Bigler |first3=Erin D. |last4=Tranel |first4=Daniel |date=2012 |edition=Fifth |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-539552-5 |url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/neuropsychological-assessment-9780195395525 |access-date=17 June 2014}}
* {{cite journal |author=Peter J Anderson |date=April 2013 |title=Leader of the Pack |type=Review |journal=Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society |volume=19 |issue=4 |doi=10.1017/S1355617713000337|s2cid=144213730 }}</ref>

===Intelligence===
[[Intelligence]] testing in a clinical setting intelligence can involve [[premorbid]] estimates, determined through a number of methods, for comparison with obtained results. For example, test results can be compared to expected achievement levels based on prior education and occupation.

===Memory===
[[Memory]] is a very broad function which includes several distinct abilities, all of which can be selectively impaired and require individual testing. There is disagreement as to the number of memory systems, depending on the psychological perspective taken. From a clinical perspective, a view of five distinct types of memory, is in most cases sufficient.<ref name="Lezak2012"/><!-- <ref>{{cite book |title=Neuropsychological Assessment |last1=Lezak |first1=Muriel D. |last2=Howieson |first2=Diane B. |last3=Bigler |first3=Erin D. |last4=Tranel |first4=Daniel |date=2012 |edition=Fifth |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-539552-5 |url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/neuropsychological-assessment-9780195395525 |access-date=17 June 2014}}
* {{cite journal |author=Peter J Anderson |date=April 2013 |title=Leader of the Pack |type=Review |journal=Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society |volume=19 |issue=4 |doi=10.1017/S1355617713000337|s2cid=144213730 }}</ref> --> '''Semantic memory''' and '''episodic memory''' (collectively called [[declarative memory]] or explicit memory); '''procedural memory''' and '''priming''' or perceptual learning (collectively called [[non-declarative memory]] or implicit memory) all four of which are long term memory systems; and '''working memory''' or short term memory.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mayes, A. R.|title=Memory disorders in psychiatric practice|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-57671-0|pages=506|editor=Berrios, G. E. |editor2=Hodges, J. R|chapter=The neuropsychology of memory}}</ref> [[Semantic memory]] is memory for facts, [[episodic memory]] is autobiographical memory, [[procedural memory]] is memory for the performance of skills, [[priming (psychology)|priming]] is memory facilitated by prior exposure to a stimulus and [[working memory]] is a form of short term memory for information manipulation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mayes, A.R.|title=Human organic memory disorders|year=1988|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-521-34418-0|pages=300}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Baddeley, A.|title=Working Memory|journal=Science|year=1992|volume=255|issue=5044|pages=556–559|jstor=2876819|doi=10.1126/science.1736359|pmid=1736359|bibcode=1992Sci...255..556B}}</ref>}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Benton Visual Retention Test]]
* [[California Verbal Learning Test]]
* Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT)
* [[Gollin figure test]]
* Memory Assessment Scales (MAS)
* Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
* Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test
* Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL)
* Mental Attributes Profiling System
* [[Wechsler Memory Scale|Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)]]
{{div col end}}

===Language===
Language functions include speech, reading and writing, all of which can be selectively impaired.{{cn|date=July 2022}}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination]]
* [[Boston Naming Test]]
* [[Comprehensive Aphasia Test|Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT)]]
* Multilingual Aphasia Examination
{{div col end}}

===Executive function===
[[Executive functions]] is an umbrella term for a various cognitive processes and sub-processes.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Elliot R. |title=Executive functions and their disorders |journal=British Medical Bulletin |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |year=2003 |doi=10.1093/bmb/65.1.49|pmid=12697616|doi-access=free }}</ref> The executive functions include: problem solving, planning, organizational skills, selective attention, inhibitory control and some aspects of short term memory.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Morgan, A. B.  |author2=Lilienfeld, S. O. |title=A meta-analytic review of the relation between antisocial behaviours and neuropsychological measures of executive function |journal=Clinical Psychology Review |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=113–136 |year=2000 |doi=10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00096-8|pmid=10660831 |s2cid=8544684 }}</ref>}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)
* CNS Vital Signs (Brief Core Battery)
* Continuous performance task [[Continuous performance task|(CPT)]]
* Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)
* [[d2 Test of Attention]]
* [[Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System|Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)]]
* Digit Vigilance Test
* Figural Fluency Test
* Halstead Category Test
* [[Hayling and Brixton tests]]
* Kaplan Baycrest Neurocognitive Assessment (KBNA)
* Kaufman Short Neuropsychological Assessment
* [[Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test|Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)]]
* [[Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure]]
* Ruff Figural Fluency Test
* [[Stroop effect|Stroop task]]
* [[Test of Variables of Attention|Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.)]]
* [[Tower of London Test]]
* [[Trail-Making Test|Trail-Making Test (TMT) or Trails A & B]]
* [[Wisconsin Card Sorting Test|Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)]] 
* Symbol Digit Modalities Test
* [[Test of everyday attention|Test of Everyday Attention]] (TEA)
{{div col end}}

===Visuospatial===
Neuropsychological tests of [[visuospatial function]] should cover the areas of visual perception, visual construction and visual integration.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hebben, N.  |author2=Millberg, W.|title=Essentials of Neuropsychological Assessment|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialsneurop00hebb  |url-access=limited  |year=2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New Jersey|isbn=978-0-470-43747-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/essentialsneurop00hebb/page/n138 127]|edition=2nd}}></ref> Though not their only functions, these tasks are to a large degree carried out by areas of the [[parietal lobe]].<ref name="Lezak2012"/><!-- /<ref>{{cite book |title=Neuropsychological Assessment |last1=Lezak |first1=Muriel D. |last2=Howieson |first2=Diane B. |last3=Bigler |first3=Erin D. |last4=Tranel |first4=Daniel |date=2012 |edition=Fifth |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-539552-5 |url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/neuropsychological-assessment-9780195395525 |access-date=17 June 2014}}
* {{cite journal |author=Peter J Anderson |date=April 2013 |title=Leader of the Pack |type=Review |journal=Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society |volume=19 |issue=4 |doi=10.1017/S1355617713000337|s2cid=144213730 }}</ref> -->
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Clock Test
* Hooper Visual Organisation Task (VOT)
* [[Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure]]
{{div col end}}

===Dementia specific===
[[Dementia]] testing is often done by way of testing the cognitive functions that are most often impaired by the disease e.g. memory, orientation, language and problem solving. 
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[ADAS-Cog|The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog)]]
* [[Clinical Dementia Rating]]
* Dementia Rating Scale
{{div col end}}

===Batteries assessing multiple neuropsychological functions===
There are some test batteries which combine a range of tests to provide an overview of cognitive skills. These are usually good early tests to rule out problems in certain functions and provide an indication of functions which may need to be tested more specifically.}
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* Barcelona Neuropsychological Test (BNT)
* [[Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery|Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)]]
* [[Cognistat (The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination)]]
* Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI)
* [[Cognitive Function Scanner|Cognitive Function Scanner (CFS)]]
* [[Dean–Woodcock Neuropsychological Assessment System|Dean–Woodcock Neuropsychological Assessment System (DWNAS)]]
* [[General Practitioner Assessment Of Cognition|General Practitioner Assessment Of Cognition (GPCOG)]]
* Hooper Visual Organization Test
* [[Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery]]
* MCI Screen
* MicroCog
* [[Mini mental state examination|Mini mental state examination (MMSE)]]
* [[NEPSY]]
* [[Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status]]
* Short Parallel Assessments of Neuropsychological Status (SPANS)
* [[CDR Computerized Assessment System]]
{{div col end}}

===Automated computerized cognitive tests===
{{empty section|date=June 2023}}