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==Origin== [[File:Wpdms aq block 1614.jpg|thumb|A map based on [[Adriaen Block]]'s 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. It was created by Dutch cartographers in the [[:Category:Dutch exploration in the Age of Discovery|Golden Age of Dutch exploration]] ({{Circa|1590s}}β1720s) and [[Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography|Netherlandish cartography]] ({{Circa|1570s}}β1670s).]] [[File:Nova Belgica Et Anglia Nova (New Netherland and New England) Blaeu Map c1634.jpg|thumb|A map of New Netherland and [[New England Colonies|New England]], with north to the right]] During the 17th century, Europe was undergoing expansive social, cultural, and economic growth, known as the [[Dutch Golden Age]] in the Netherlands. Nations vied for domination of lucrative trade routes around the globe, particularly those to Asia.<ref name="frontiers.loc.gov">{{cite web|title=The Dutch in America, 1609β1664|work=The Atlantic World|format=The Library of Congress Global Gateway|language=en, nl|url=http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1.html#track1|access-date=December 25, 2008|archive-date=May 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528132217/http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1.html#track1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Simultaneously, philosophical and theological conflicts were manifested in military battles throughout the European continent. The [[Dutch Republic]] had become a home to many intellectuals, international businessmen, and religious refugees. In [[the Americas]], the English had a settlement at [[Jamestown, Virginia]], the French had small settlements at [[Port-Royal (Acadia)|Port Royal]] and [[Quebec City|Quebec]], and the Spanish were developing colonies in South America and the Caribbean.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sandler|first=Corey|title=Henry Hudson Dreams and Obsession|isbn=978-08065-2739-0|year=2007|publisher=Kensington Books |url=https://archive.org/details/henryhudsondream00sand}}</ref> In 1609, English sea captain and explorer [[Henry Hudson]] was hired by the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) to find a [[Northeast Passage]] to Asia, sailing around Scandinavia and Russia. The ice of the Arctic turned him back in his second attempt, so he sailed west to seek a [[Northwest Passage]] rather than return home. He ended up exploring the waters off the northeast coast of [[North America]] aboard the [[flyboat]] ''[[Halve Maen]]''. His first landfall was at [[Newfoundland]] and the second at [[Cape Cod]]. Hudson believed that the passage to the Pacific Ocean was between the [[St. Lawrence River]] and [[Chesapeake Bay]], so he sailed south to the Bay, then turned northward, traveling close along the shore. From [[Delaware Bay]], he began to sail upriver looking for the passage. This effort was foiled by sandy shoals, and the ''Halve Maen'' continued north along the coast. After passing [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]], Hudson and his crew entered [[the Narrows]] into the [[Upper New York Bay]].<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0-300-01207-1|last=Wroth|first=Lawrence|title=The Voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano, 1524β1528|location = New Haven|year=1970| url=https://archive.org/details/voyagesofgiovann0000wrot}}</ref> Hudson believed that he had found the continental water route, so he sailed up the [[Hudson River|major river]] that now bears his name. He found the water too shallow to proceed several days later at the site of [[Troy, New York]].<ref>[http://www.s4ulanguages.com/delaet.html ''Nieuwe Wereldt ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien, uit veelerhande Schriften ende Aen-teekeningen van verscheyden Natien'' (Leiden, Bonaventure & Abraham Elseviers, 1625)] p. 84</ref> Upon returning to the Netherlands, Hudson reported that he had found fertile land and amicable people willing to engage his crew in small-scale bartering of furs, trinkets, clothes, and small manufactured goods. His report was first published in 1611 by [[Emanuel van Meteren]], the Dutch Consul at London. This stimulated interest<ref>[http://www.s4ulanguages.com/delaet.html ''Nieuwe Wereldt ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien, uit veelerhande Schriften ende Aen-teekeningen van verscheyden Natien (Leiden, Bonaventure & Abraham Elseviers, 1625)''] p. 84</ref> in exploiting this new trade resource, and it was the catalyst for Dutch merchant-traders to fund more expeditions. Merchants such as Arnout Vogels sent the first follow-up voyages to exploit this discovery as early as July 1610. In 1611β1612, the [[Admiralty of Amsterdam]] sent two covert expeditions to find a passage to China with the yachts ''Craen'' and ''Vos'', captained by Jan Cornelisz Mey and Symon Willemsz Cat respectively. [[Adriaen Block]], [[Hendrick Christiaensen]], and [[Cornelius Jacobsen May|Cornelius Jacobsen Mey]] explored, surveyed, and mapped the area between [[Maryland]] and [[Massachusetts]] in four voyages made between 1611 and 1614. These surveys and charts were consolidated in Block's map, which used the name ''New Netherland'' for the first time; it was also called ''Nova Belgica'' on maps. During this period, there was some trading with the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] population. Fur trader [[Juan (Jan) Rodriguez|Juan Rodriguez]] was born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent. He arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613β1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the Indians as a representative of the Dutch. He was the first recorded non-native inhabitant of New York City.<ref>[http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/juan-rodriguez-monograph.cfm Juan Rodriguez monograph]. Ccny.cuny.edu. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/honoring-a-very-early-new-yorker/ Honoring Juan Rodriguez, a Settler of New York β NYTimes.com]. Cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.</ref><ref name="Paumgarten 56">{{Cite news | edition = LXXXV, No 26 | issn = 0028-792X | page = 56 | last = Paumgarten | first = Nick | title = Useless Beauty β What is to be done with Governors Island? | magazine = The New Yorker | access-date = September 5, 2015 | date = August 31, 2009 | url = http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/08/31/090831fa_fact_paumgarten }}</ref>
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