Editing Nokia (section)

== History ==
{{Main|History of Nokia}} <!-- Please place a relevant epitome of history here, the previous history section included too many products that aren't a part of Nokia anymore in too much detail, this page should only contain a simple summation of its history -->

=== 1865–1967 ===
[[File:Nokia Toilet paper.JPG|thumb|Rolls of toilet paper produced by Nokia in the 1960s, [[Vapriikki Museum Centre]], Tampere]]
Nokia's history dates from 1865, when mining engineer [[Fredrik Idestam]] established a [[pulp mill]] on the shores of the [[Tammerkoski]] rapids near the town of [[Tampere]], Finland (then a [[Grand Duchy]] under [[Russian Empire]]'s rule).<ref name="roots" /> A second pulp mill was opened in 1868 near the neighboring [[Nokia, Finland|town of Nokia]], where there were better [[hydropower]] resources.<ref name="roots" /> In 1871, Idestam, together with a friend [[Leo Mechelin]], formed a shared company and called it ''Nokia [[Aktiebolag|Ab]]'' (in [[Swedish language|Swedish]], ''Nokia Company'' being the English equivalent), after the site of the second pulp mill.

Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the company's chairman; he expanded into [[electricity generation]] by 1902, which Idestam had opposed. In 1904, [[Nokian Footwear|Suomen Gummitehdas]] (''Finnish Rubber Works''), a [[Natural rubber|rubber]] business founded by [[Eduard Polón]], established a factory near the town of Nokia and used its name.

In 1922, in the now independent Finland, Nokia Ab entered into a partnership with the Finnish Rubber Works and [[Kaapelitehdas]] (''the Cable Factory''), all now jointly under the leadership of Polón. The rubber company grew rapidly when it moved to the Nokia region in the 1930s to take advantage of the electricity supply, and the cable company soon did too.

Nokia at the time also made [[respirator]]s for both civilian and military use, from the 1930s well into the early 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gasmasklexikon.com/Page/Start01.htm|title=Start01|website=Gasmasklexikon.com|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref>

=== 1967–1990 ===
[[File:Patteriston komentopaikka Hämeenlinna 4.JPG|thumb|left|LV 317M military radio in the Hämeenlinna artillery museum]]
[[File:Nokian Boots (2).jpg|thumb|[[Nokian Footwear|Nokian rubber boots]]]]
In 1967, the three companies – Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, and [[Nokian Footwear|Finnish Rubber Works]] – merged to create a new Nokia Corporation, restructured into four major businesses: forestry, cable, rubber, and electronics. In the early 1970s, it entered the networking and radio industries. Nokia started making military equipment for [[Finnish Defence Forces|Finland's defence forces]] (''Puolustusvoimat''), such as the [[Sanomalaite M/90]] communicator in 1983, and the [[M61 gas mask]] first developed in the 1960s. Nokia was now also making [[professional mobile radio]]s, [[Telephone switchboard|telephone switches]], [[capacitor]]s and [[Chemical substance|chemicals]].

After Finland's trade agreement with the [[Soviet Union]] in the 1960s, Nokia expanded into the Soviet market. It soon widened trade, ranging from automatic [[telephone exchange]]s to [[robotics]] among others; by the late 1970s, the Soviet Union became a major market for Nokia, yielding high profits. The U.S. government became increasingly concerned of the possible export of items it deemed as high technology, such as digital telephone exchanges, to the Soviet Union in the 1980s. This led to Finland entering the [[Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls]] in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/us_threatened_to_block_finnish_arms_deal_over_high-tech_exports_in_1980s/5710542|title=U.S. Threatened to Block Finnish Arms Deal Over High-Tech Exports in 1980's|website=Yle Uutiset|date=3 January 2009}}</ref> This was a demonstration of Finland balancing between both sides, as it was neutral during the Cold War.

In 1977, [[Kari Kairamo]] became CEO and transformed the company's businesses. By this time, Finland was becoming what has been called "Nordic Japan".{{by whom|date=August 2021}} Under his leadership, Nokia acquired many companies, including television maker [[Salora Oy|Salora]] in 1984, followed by Swedish electronics and computer maker [[Luxor AB]] in 1985, and French television maker Oceanic in 1987. This made Nokia the third-largest television manufacturer of Europe (behind [[Philips]] and [[Vantiva|Thomson]]). The existing brands continued to be used until the end of the television business in 1996.

[[File:Nokia Mikko display and keyboard.JPG|thumb|left|Nokia Mikko 3 minicomputer, 1978]]
[[File:Mobira Cityman 450.JPG|thumb|upright|Mobira Cityman 450, 1985]]
In 1987, Nokia acquired Schaub-Lorenz, the consumer operations of Germany's [[C. Lorenz AG|Standard Elektrik Lorenz]] (SEL), which included its "Schaub-Lorenz" and "Graetz" brands. It was originally part of American conglomerate [[ITT Inc.|International Telephone & Telegraph]] (ITT), and after the acquisition products were sold under the "ITT Nokia" brand, despite SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the predecessor of [[Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel]], in 1986.

In 1987, [[Kaapelitehdas]] discontinued production of cables at its [[Helsinki]] factory after 44 years, effectively shutting down the sub-company.

On 1 April 1988, Nokia bought the Information Systems division of [[Ericsson]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/21/business/company-news-nokia-oy-buys-stake-in-ericsson.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; Nokia Oy Buys Stake in Ericsson|agency=Reuters|date=21 January 1988|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 August 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> which had originated as the [[Datasaab]] computer division of Swedish aircraft and car manufacturer [[Saab AB|Saab]]. Ericsson Information Systems made [[Alfaskop]] terminals, [[typewriter]]s, [[minicomputer]]s and Ericsson-branded [[IBM PC compatible|IBM compatible PCs]]. The merger with Nokia's Information Systems division—which since 1981 had a line of personal computers called [[MikroMikko]]—resulted in the name Nokia Data.

[[File:Mobile_phones_in_the_Museum_of_Technology,_Helsinki.jpg|thumb|left|Various Mobira phones on display in a museum in Helsinki, Finland. The Mobira Senator (first from the left), was one of the first phones compatible with the NMT-network. It weighed around 9.8 kg (22 lb).]]

Nokia also acquired Mobira, a [[mobile radio telephone]] manufacturer that had been established in a [[joint venture]] with [[Salora Oy]] in 1979, which became the foundation of its future mobile phone business. In 1981, Mobira launched the [[Nordic Mobile Telephone]] (NMT) service, the world's first international cellular network and the first to allow international [[roaming]]. In 1982, Mobira launched the [[List of Nokia products|Mobira Senator]] car phone, Nokia's first mobile phone. At that time, the company had no interest in producing mobile phones, which the executive board regarded as akin to [[James Bond (literary character)|James Bond]]'s gadgets: improbably futuristic and niche devices. After all these acquisitions, Nokia's revenue base became US$2.7 billion.

CEO Kairamo killed himself on 11 December 1988.

<gallery>
Mobira 800-NDB.JPG|Mobira 800-NDB non-directional beacon located in the Finnish Air Force signals museum
Lasersuunnin merivoimien vuosipäivä 2013 Kotka 3.JPG|Nokia MAC 8532 laser rangefinder previously used by Finnish coastal artillery
Patteriston komentopaikka Hämeenlinna 2.JPG|Hämeenlinna artillery museum display containing fire control officer with Nokia artillery calculator in Finnish artillery battalion command post
MikroMikko 4 TT m216 Tekniikan museo 02.jpg|Late 1980s MikroMikko 4 TT m216 desktop computer in the Museum of Technology, Helsinki, Finland
Itt-nokia television and vhs-video.jpeg|ITT Nokia television with an ITT Nokia VCR (ITT/SEL)
Mobira kaukohakulaite.png|A 1986 Mobira pager
</gallery>

=== 1990–2010 ===
[[File:Jorma Ollila 2013.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Jorma Ollila]], who oversaw the rise of Nokia in the mobile phone market as CEO from 1992 to 2006]]
[[File:Nokia 2112.jpg|thumb|Nokia 2112 NHE-4AX phone]]
Following [[Simo Vuorilehto]]'s appointment as CEO, a major restructuring was planned. With 11 groups within the company, Vuorilehto divested industrial units he deemed as un-strategic. [[Nokian Tyres]] (''Nokian Renkaat''), a tyre producer originally formed as a division of Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, split away from Nokia Corporation in 1988. Two years later, in 1990, Finnish Rubber Works followed suit. In 1991, Nokia sold its computer division, Nokia Data, to [[United Kingdom|UK]]-based [[International Computers Limited]] (ICL), the precursor of [[Fujitsu Siemens Computers|Fujitsu Siemens]]. Investors thought of this as financial trouble and Nokia's stock price sank as a result. Finland was now also experiencing its [[Early 1990s depression in Finland|worst recession in living memory]], and the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|collapse]] of the Soviet Union, a major customer, made matters worse.

Vuorilehto quit in January 1992 and was replaced by [[Jorma Ollila]], who had been the head of the mobile phone business from 1990 and advised against selling that division. Ollila decided to turn Nokia into a "[[Telecommunications|telecom]]-oriented" company, and he eventually got rid of divisions like the power business. This strategy proved to be very successful, and the company grew rapidly in the following years. Nokia's operating profit went from negative in 1991 to $1 billion in 1995 and almost $4 billion by 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/05/01/278948/index.htm|title=Nokia's Secret Code Perhaps the least hierarchical big company in the world, Nokia has been winning big in wireless. But its Finnish recipe for innovation is about to be put to the test. – May 1, 2000|website=Fortune (magazine)}}</ref>

Nokia's first fully portable mobile phone after the Mobira Senator was the [[Mobira Cityman 900]] in 1987. Nokia assisted in the development of the [[GSM]] mobile standard in the 1980s and developed the first GSM network with [[Siemens]], the predecessor to [[Nokia Networks|Nokia Siemens Network]]. The world's first GSM call was made by Finnish prime minister [[Harri Holkeri]] on 1 July 1991, using Nokia equipment on the 900&nbsp;MHz band network built by Nokia and operated by [[Radiolinja]]. In November 1992, the [[Nokia 1011]] launched, making it the first commercially available GSM mobile phone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1997/10/17/nokias-pioneering-gsm-research-and-development-to-be-awarded-by-eduard-rhein-foundation|title=Nokia´s Pioneering GSM Research and Development to be Awarded by Eduard Rhein Foundation |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

Salora Oy as a Nokia subsidiary ended in 1989 when the division was merged into Nokia-Mobira Oy. The brand continued to be used for televisions until 1995.

On 12 June 1996, Nokia announced the sale of its [[television]] business to Canada/Hong Kong-based [[International Semi-Tech Microsystems|Semi-Tech Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1996/06/12/nokia-announces-heads-of-agreement-to-sell-its-remaining-television-business|title=Nokia Announces Heads of Agreement to Sell Its Remaining Television Business |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The television manufacturing plant in Germany closed down in September 1996. The sale included a factory in [[Turku]] and the rights to use the Nokia, [[Finlux]], [[Luxor AB|Luxor]], [[Salora Oy|Salora]], [[C. Lorenz AG|Schaub-Lorenz]], and Oceanic brands until the end of 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1996/07/17/nokia-announces-final-sale-of-its-television-manufacturing-business|title=Nokia Announces Final Sale of its Television Manufacturing Business |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Some of these brands were later sold to other companies.

Nokia was the first to launch [[Digital Satellite Service|digital satellite]] receivers in the UK, announced in March 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1997/03/13/nokia-first-to-launch-digital-satellite-receiver-in-the-uk|title=Nokia First to Launch Digital Satellite Receiver in The UK |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In August 1997, Nokia introduced the first digital satellite receiver with [[Common Interface]] (CI) support.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1997/08/29/nokia-launches-the-worlds-first-digital-ird-with-common-interface|title=Nokia launches the World's first Digital IRD With 'Common Interface' |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In 1998, Nokia became the chosen supplier to produce the world's first [[digital terrestrial television]] set-top boxes by British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), which was eventually launched as [[ITV Digital|ONdigital]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1998/03/08/nokia-is-chosen-supplier-to-british-digital-broadcasting|title=Nokia is chosen supplier to British Digital Broadcasting |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

[[File:Digital-tv-box från Nokia.jpg|thumb|A Nokia Mediamaster set-top box]]
In October 1998, Nokia overtook [[Motorola]] to become the best-selling mobile phone brand<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1998/12/21/nokia-to-invest-about-fim-1-billion-in-mobile-phone-production-in-bochum-germany|title=Nokia to invest about FIM 1 billion in mobile phone production in Bochum, Germany |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> and in December, manufactured its 100 millionth mobile phone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1998/12/03/nokia-manufactures-its-100-millionth-mobile-phone|title=Nokia manufactures its 100 millionth mobile phone |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> A major reason why Nokia grew against its main competitors Motorola and [[Ericsson]] was that it managed to cater to the consumer youth market and fashion-oriented consumers, most significantly with the [[Nokia 5110]] and [[Nokia 3210|3210]] handsets, which featured a large range of colourful and replaceable back covers called Xpress-on.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slate.com/technology/2016/09/the-development-of-the-nokia-3210-the-cellphone-that-started-the-mobile-revolution.html|title=The 1999 Handset That Finally Made Cellphones Cool|first=Will|last=Oremus|date=20 September 2016|website=Slate|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mobilephonehistory.co.uk/history/mobile_phone_history.php|title=Mobile phone history|website=Mobilephonehistory.co.uk|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> One of the earliest fashion phones in 1992, from Swiss watchmaker [[Swatch]], was based on Nokia's [[Nokia 101 (1992)|101]] handset.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mobilephonehistory.co.uk/nokia/nokia_fashion_phones.php|title=Nokia fashion phones|website=Mobilephonehistory.co.uk|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> The company would also form the [[Vertu]] division, creating luxury mobile handsets.

In April 1996, Nokia claimed its 447Xav and 447K monitors to be the first with [[Stereophonic sound|stereo]] speakers and a [[subwoofer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1996/04/22/nokia-builds-on-media-ready-monitor-series-with-new-21-line|title=Nokia Builds on "Media-Ready" Monitor Series with New 21" Line |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In May 1999, Nokia introduced their first [[wireless LAN]] products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1999/05/11/nokia-to-move-wireless-lan-products-toward-mass-market|title=Nokia to move wireless LAN products toward mass market |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In January 2000, [[ViewSonic]] acquired Nokia Display Products, the division making [[Electronic visual display|displays]] for personal computers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2000/01/17/viewsonic-corporation-acquires-nokia-display-products-branded-business|title=ViewSonic Corporation Acquires Nokia Display Products' Branded Business |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> On 26 April 2001, Nokia partnered with [[Telefónica]] to supply [[Digital subscriber line|DSL]] modems and routers in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2001/04/26/nokia-to-supply-telefonica-with-adsl-modems-in-spain|title=Nokia to supply Telefónica with ADSL modems in Spain |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

In 1997, Nokia established a [[joint venture]] with Brazilian electronics firm [[IGB Eletrônica|Gradient]] where they were granted the license to manufacture variants of Nokia mobile phones locally under the Nokia and Gradient brand names.<ref name="nokia">{{Cite news |title=Nokia acquired Gradient's share in Brazilian manufacturing joint venture NGI |url=https://pnrlogin.globenewswire.com/?ReturnUrl=%2fnews-release%2f2000%2f10%2f20%2f1845768%2f0%2fen%2fNokia-acquired-Gradiente-s-share-in-Brazilian-manufacturing-joint-venture-NGI.html |access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>

In 1998, Nokia cofounded [[Symbian Software|Symbian Ltd.]], led by [[Psion (company)|Psion]], to create a new operating system for [[Personal digital assistant|PDAs]] and smart mobile phones as a successor of [[EPOC (operating system)|EPOC32]]. They released the [[Nokia 9210 Communicator]] running [[Symbian|Symbian OS]] in 2001 and later that year created the Symbian [[S60 (software platform)|Series 60]] platform, later introducing it with their first [[camera phone]], the [[Nokia 7650]]. Both Nokia and Symbian eventually became the largest [[smartphone]] hardware and software maker, respectively, and in February 2004, Nokia became the largest shareholder of Symbian Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2004/02/09/nokia-to-acquire-psion-plcs-shares-in-symbian|title=Nokia to acquire Psion plc's shares in Symbian |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Nokia acquired the entire company in June 2008 and then formed the [[Symbian Foundation]] as its successor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2008/06/24/nokia-to-acquire-symbian-limited-to-enable-evolution-of-the-leading-open-mobile-platform|title=Nokia to acquire Symbian Limited to enable evolution of the leading open mobile platform |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

In 1998 alone, the company had sales revenue of $20 billion, making $2.6 billion profit. By 2000, Nokia employed over 55,000 people<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2000/03/02/nokia-supplies-wap-technology-to-thus-in-uk|title=Nokia supplies WAP technology to Thus in UK |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> and had a market share of 30% in the mobile phone market, almost twice as large as its nearest competitor, [[Motorola]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1055805.stm|title=Nokia: 'Best is yet to come'|date=5 December 2000|access-date=28 March 2019|website=BBC News}}</ref> The company was operating in 140 countries as of 1999. It was reported at the time that some people believed Nokia to be a [[Japan]]ese company.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/1999/09/nokia/|title=Just Say Nokia|first=Steve|last=Silberman|date=1 September 1999|access-date=28 March 2019|magazine=Wired}}</ref> Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's [[Revenue|turnover]] increased fivefold, from €6.5 billion to €31 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/03/nokia-rise-fall-mobile-phone-giant|title=Nokia: the rise and fall of a mobile phone giant|first=Angela|last=Monaghan|date=3 September 2013|access-date=28 March 2019|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Meanwhile, a ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' survey held near end 2000 showed that Nokia was the "most trusted brand in Europe", ranking better than Sony, Canon, and Nivea.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/trusted-brands-winning-trust-consumers-key-lasting-brand-success-jennifer-hiscock-takes-look-uk-s-respected-brands/56156?src_site=marketingmagazine |title=Most Trusted Brands: Winning the trust of consumers is the key to lasting brand success. Jennifer Hiscock takes a look at the UK's most respected brands |work=Campaign |last=Hiscock |first=Jennifer |date=1 March 2001 |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia mobile phones.jpg|thumb|left|Various Nokia mobile phones from the 2000s]]
[[File:Nokia 7600.jpg|thumb|right|170px|[[Nokia 7600]] 3G phone]]
[[File:Nokia N-Gage.jpg|thumb|right|170px|[[N-Gage (device)|Nokia N-Gage]]]]
The company would then be known as a successful and innovative maker of [[camera phone]]s. The [[Nokia 3650|Nokia 3600/3650]] was the first camera phone on sale in North America in 2003. In April 2005, Nokia partnered with German camera optics maker [[Carl Zeiss AG]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/04/27/nokia-and-carl-zeiss-join-forces-to-offer-enhanced-imaging-for-camera-phone-users|title=Nokia and Carl Zeiss join forces to offer enhanced imaging for camera phone users |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> That same month, Nokia introduced the [[Nokia Nseries|Nseries]], which would become its flagship line of smartphones for the next six years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/04/27/nokia-launches-nokia-nseries-branded-multimedia-device-range|title=Nokia launches Nokia Nseries branded multimedia device range |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The [[Nokia N95]] was introduced in September 2006, became highly successful, and was also awarded "best mobile imaging device" in Europe in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2007/04/24/nokia-n95-wins-prestigious-tipa-award-2007|title=Nokia N95 Wins Prestigious TIPA Award 2007 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Its successor the [[Nokia N82|N82]] featured a [[xenon]] flash,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2007/11/14/its-what-cameras-have-become-the-new-nokia-n82|title=It's what cameras have become – the new Nokia N82 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> which helped it win the award of "best mobile imaging" device in Europe in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2008/04/23/nokia-n82-wins-renowned-tipa-best-mobile-imaging-device-in-europe-award-2008|title=Nokia N82 wins renowned TIPA 'Best Mobile Imaging Device in Europe' Award 2008 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The [[Nokia N93|N93]] in 2006 was known for its specialized [[camcorder]] and the twistable design that switches between [[Clamshell design|clamshell]] and a camcorder-like position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2006/04/25/nokia-introduces-the-next-story-in-video-with-the-nokia-n93|title=Nokia Introduces the Next Story in Video with the Nokia N93 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> They were also well known for the [[Nokia N8|N8]] with a high-resolution 12-megapixel sensor, in 2010; the [[Nokia 808 PureView|808 PureView]] with a 41-megapixel sensor, in 2012; and the [[Nokia Lumia 920|Lumia 920]] flagship, which implemented advanced [[PureView]] technologies, in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2012/09/05/new-nokia-lumia-range-delivers-latest-pureview-camera-innovation-new-navigation-experiences-and-wireless-charging-on-windows-phone-8|title=New Nokia Lumia Range Delivers Latest PureView Camera Innovation, New Navigation Experiences and Wireless Charging on Windows Phone 8 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

Nokia was one of the pioneers of [[Mobile game|mobile gaming]] due to the popularity of ''[[Snake (1998 video game)|Snake]]'', which came preloaded on many products. In 2002, Nokia attempted to break into the [[Handheld game console|handheld gaming]] market with the [[N-Gage (device)|N-Gage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2003/02/05/nokia-n-gage-tm-mobile-game-deck-the-revolutionary-gaming-experience|title=Nokia N-Gage (TM) mobile game deck – the revolutionary gaming experience |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Nokia's head of entertainment and media, Ilkka Raiskinen, once said, "[[Game Boy]] is for 10-year-olds",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/nokias-ilkka-slams-game-boy-advance/|title=Nokia's Ilkka slams Game Boy Advance|date=12 June 2003}}</ref> stating that N-Gage is more suited to a mature audience. However, the device was a failure, unable to challenge the dominant market leader, [[Nintendo]]. Nokia attempted to revive N-Gage as a platform for their S60 smartphones, which eventually launched in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2007/08/29/get-out-and-play-with-n-gage-games-in-your-nokia-device|title=Get out and play – with N-Gage games in your Nokia device |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

In Q1 2004, Nokia's mobile phone handset market share steeply dropped to 28.9%, down from 34.6% a year earlier.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/apr/17/mobilephones|title=Nokia losing market share|first=Mark|last=Milner|date=17 April 2004|access-date=28 March 2019|website=The Guardian}}</ref> However, by 2006, the company was steadily gaining again<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2007/nov/27/nokiaincreasesmarketsharei|title=Nokia increases market share in mobile phone business|first=Jack|last=Schofield|date=27 November 2007|access-date=28 March 2019|website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/22/technology/22iht-mobile.3632626.html|title=Nokia and Motorola gain market share as arena grows – Technology & Media – International Herald Tribune|date=22 November 2006|access-date=28 March 2019|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> and in Q4 2007 reached its all-time high figure of 40.4%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/01/24/sa_q4_phone_figures/|title=Nokia grabs 40% of phone market for first time|first=Tony|last=Smith|date=24 January 2008|website=[[The Register]]|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Its smartphone market share in that quarter was 51%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/report-nokia-s-smartphone-market-share-dropping|title=Report: Nokia's smartphone market share dropping|website=FierceWireless|date=11 March 2009|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Nokia was the largest vendor at the time in all regions bar [[North America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://devicehd.com/smartphones/en/brand/nokia/|title=Winners and Loser in the Smartphone Market: Q4 2008|first=Kevin C.|last=Tofel|date=11 March 2009|website=devicehd.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

Nokia launched [[Mobile TV format|mobile TV]] trials in 2005 in Finland with content provided by public broadcaster [[Yle]]. The services are based on the [[DVB-H]] standard. It could be viewed with the widescreen [[Nokia 7710]] smartphone with a special accessory enabling it to receive DVB-H signals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/08/05/live-mobile-tv-broadcasts-for-the-first-time-at-an-international-sporting-event|title=Live Mobile TV broadcasts for the first time at an international sporting event |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Nokia partnered with [[Arqiva]] and [[O2 (UK)|O2]] to launch trials in the UK in September 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/09/22/mobile-tv-trial-goes-live-in-uk|title=Mobile TV trial goes live in UK |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

In 2005, Nokia developed a [[Linux]]-based operating system called [[Maemo]], which shipped that year on the [[Nokia 770 Internet Tablet]].

On 1 June 2006, [[Jorma Ollila]] became the company's chairman and retired as CEO, replaced by [[Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/08/01/nokia-moves-forward-with-management-succession-plan|title=Nokia moves forward with management succession plan |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia Sao Paulo Flagship.jpg|thumb|A flagship Nokia store in [[São Paulo]], Brazil, in 2009]]
In August 2007, Nokia introduced [[Ovi (Nokia)|Ovi]], an umbrella name for the company's new Internet services, which included the N-Gage platform and the [[MixRadio|Nokia Music Store]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2007/08/29/meet-ovi-the-door-to-nokias-internet-services|title=Meet Ovi, the door to Nokia's Internet services |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The Ovi Store faced stiff competition from [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[App Store (Apple)|App Store]] when it was introduced in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/10/29/84-percent-of-nokia-ovi-store-app-developers-say-apples-store-is-better/|title=84 percent of Nokia Ovi store app developers say Apple's store is better |work=VentureBeat}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia 5800 XpressMusic 3Q.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nokia 5800 XpressMusic]]]]
In October 2008, Nokia announced the [[Nokia 5800 XpressMusic]], the first device to ship with the new touch-centric S60 5th Edition, also known as Symbian^1, the first iteration of the platform since the creation of the Symbian Foundation. In November 2008, Nokia announced it would end mobile phone sales in [[Japan]] because of low market share.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7752279.stm|title=Nokia to end phone sales in Japan|date=27 November 2008|website=BBC News}}</ref> Nokia's global mobile phone market share peaked in 2008 at 38.6 percent.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=David |last2=West |first2=Joel |date=11 June 2013 |title=Evolving an Open Ecosystem: The Rise and Fall of the Symbian Platform |publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]] |page=35 |isbn=978-1-78190-826-6}}</ref> The same year, Nokia announced the acquisition of Trolltech and its [[Qt (software)|Qt]] software development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/10/31/qt_software_tech_preview_qt_creator/|title=Nokia's Trolltech Qt Software previews cross-platform IDE|first=Austin|last=Modine|date=31 October 2008|website=[[The Register]]|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Qt was a central part of Nokia's strategy until 2011, and it was eventually sold in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/aug/09/nokia-sells-qt-software-business|title=Nokia sells its Qt software business|first1=Josh|last1=Halliday|last2=agencies|date=9 August 2012|access-date=28 March 2019|website=The Guardian}}</ref>

Nokia briefly returned to the computer market with the [[Nokia Booklet 3G|Booklet 3G]] netbook in August 2009.

=== 2010–2014 ===
[[File:As Time Goes By (Nokia 9000 Communicator & E7).jpg|thumb|left|A Nokia 9000 Communicator (1996) next to a Nokia E7 Communicator (2011)]]
In late 2009 and in 2010, the music-focused [[Nokia Xseries|Xseries]] and consumer-focused [[Nokia C series (Cricket Wireless)|Cseries]] were introduced respectively.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/08/02/nokia_numbered/|title=Nokia ditches letters for all-number names|last=Andrew|first=Orlowski|date=2 August 2011|website=[[The Register]]|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> In April 2010 Nokia introduced its next flagship mobile device, the [[Nokia N8]], which would be the first to run on [[Symbian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2010/04/27/nokia-n8-connect-create-entertain|title=Nokia N8. Connect. Create. Entertain. |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> However it was delayed for many months which tarnished the company's image,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-n8/nokia-delays-flagship-n8-again-shares-hit-idUSTRE68J4VZ20100921|title=Nokia delays flagship N8 again|date=21 September 2010|website=Reuters.com}}</ref> especially after the failure of its previous flagship [[Nokia N97|N97]] and tougher competition from [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and the rising [[Google]]. On 10 September 2010, [[Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo]] was fired as CEO and it was announced that [[Stephen Elop]] from [[Microsoft]] would take Nokia's CEO position, becoming the first non-Finnish director in Nokia's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/sep/10/nokia-replaces-kallasvuo-microsoft-stephen-elop|title=Nokia replaces Kallasvuo with Microsoft's Elop|first=Graeme|last=Wearden|date=10 September 2010|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> It was claimed that investors pressed Nokia's board to recruit an outsider to shake up management and break from the traditional "Nokia way".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/debd3dce-be8a-11df-a755-00144feab49a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/debd3dce-be8a-11df-a755-00144feab49a |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Nokia's new chief commits to Finnish culture|website=Financial Times|date=12 September 2010|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Ollila had also announced that he would step down as Nokia chairman by 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slashgear.com/nokia-board-chair-jorma-ollila-reveals-plans-to-step-down-in-2012-13101857/|title=Nokia Board Chair Jorma Ollila reveals plans to step down in 2012|date=13 September 2010|website=SlashGear.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> On 11 March 2011 Nokia announced that it had paid Elop a $6 million signing bonus as "compensation for lost income from his prior employer", on top of his $1.4 million annual salary.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.geekwire.com/2011/nokia-pays-big-bucks-elop | title=Nokia pays big bucks for Elop: Former Microsoft executive receives $6M signing bonus | work=GeekWire | date=11 March 2011 | access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia & Microsoft Lumia devices.png|thumb|[[Microsoft Lumia|Nokia and Microsoft Lumia]] devices]]
The old Symbian OS became completely [[Open-source software|open-source]] in February 2010.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/188521/Symbian_OS_Now_Fully_Open_Source.html|title=Symbian OS Now Fully Open Source|magazine=PC World|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-date=4 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704120257/http://www.pcworld.com/article/188521/Symbian_OS_Now_Fully_Open_Source.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, in November 2010 it was announced that the [[Symbian Foundation]] was closing and that Nokia would take back control of the Symbian operating system under closed licensing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2010/11/08/nokia-reaffirms-commitment-to-symbian-platform|title=Nokia reaffirms commitment to Symbian platform |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> By now Nokia was the only remaining company using the platform, along with carrier [[NTT Docomo]] in Japan, after both [[Samsung]] and [[Sony Mobile|Sony Ericsson]] moved to [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. Meanwhile, in 2010 for Nokia's [[Linux]] ambitions, Nokia collaborated with [[Intel]] to form the [[MeeGo]] project, after the merger of Nokia's own [[Maemo]] and Intel's [[Moblin]].

Nokia's Symbian platform that had been the leading smartphone platform in Europe and Asia for many years was quickly becoming outdated and difficult for developers after the advent of [[iOS]] and Android. To counter this, Nokia planned to make their MeeGo Linux operating system, under development, the company's flagship on smartphones. Shortly after Elop's CEO tenure began, the Nokia board green-lit him the ability to change the company's mobile phones strategy, including changing operating systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/09/23/nokia-windows-stephen-elop/|title=Will Nokia build Windows phones?|date=23 September 2010|website=Venturebeat.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Veteran [[Anssi Vanjoki]], head of the smartphones division, left the company around this time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/09/23/anssi-vanjoki-on-quitting-nokia-i-didn-t-become-the-ceo-it-is/|title=Anssi Vanjoki on quitting Nokia: 'I didn't become the CEO. It is as simple as that'|website=Engadget|date=23 September 2010 |access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> His final appearance was at Nokia World 2010 when the [[Nokia E7-00]] and other Symbian^3 devices were introduced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gsmarena.com/nokia_world_2010-review-511.php|title=Nokia World 2010 live coverage: Nokia E7, C7, C6, N8, C3|website=GSMArena.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a "strategic partnership" with [[Microsoft]], under which it would adopt [[Windows Phone 7]] as its primary operating system on smartphones, and integrate its services and platforms with its own, including [[Bing (search engine)|Bing]] as search engine, and integration of [[Here Technologies|Nokia Maps]] data into [[Bing Maps]]. Elop stated that Nokia chose not to use Android because of an apparent inability to "differentiate" its offerings, with critics also noting that his past ties to Microsoft may have also influenced the decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12427680|title=Nokia and Microsoft form partnership|date=11 February 2011|website=BBC News|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weintraub |first=Seth |url=http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/02/08/nokias-elop-drops-bomb-the-platform-is-on-fire/ |title=Nokia's Elop drops bomb: the platform is on fire |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=2011-02-08 |access-date=2013-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627165328/http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/02/08/nokias-elop-drops-bomb-the-platform-is-on-fire/ |archive-date=27 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Latest Video |url=http://allthingsd.com/20110601/why-windows-phone-instead-of-android-nokia-ceo-stephen-elop-explains/ |title=Nokia CEO Stephen Elop Chooses Microsoft Windows Phone OS Over Android – John Paczkowski – D9 |publisher=AllThingsD |date=2011-06-01 |access-date=2013-06-14}}</ref> Although the MeeGo "Harmattan"-based [[Nokia N9|N9]] was met with a highly positive reception in 2011, Nokia had already decided to end development on MeeGo and solely focus on its Microsoft partnership, although the CEO said that the N9's "innovations" will live on in the future,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2011/06/nokia-n9-failure/|title=Why Nokia's N9 Smartphone Is Set Up for Failure|first=Ars|last=Technica|date=24 June 2011|access-date=28 March 2019|magazine=Wired}}</ref> which eventually made their way on the [[Nokia Asha platform|Asha platform]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/5/9/4314844/nokia-asha-501-new-platform-launch|title=Nokia hedges its commitment to Windows Phone with new Asha platform and $99 phone|first=Vlad|last=Savov|date=9 May 2013|website=The Verge|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> After the announcement of the Microsoft partnership, Nokia's market share deteriorated; this was due to demand for Symbian dropping when consumers realized Nokia's focus and attention would be elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cord|first1=David J.|title=[[The Decline and Fall of Nokia]]|date=April 2014|publisher=Schildts & Söderströms|isbn=978-951-52-3320-2|pages=217}}</ref>

The company posted a large loss for the second quarter of 2011 – only their second quarterly loss in 19 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/07/21/nokia_q2_2011_massive_loss/|title=Nokia posts massive loss, blames 'ambiguity'|last=Andrew|first=Orlowski|date=21 July 2011|website=[[The Register]]|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Nokia's first Windows Phone flagship was the [[Nokia Lumia 800|Lumia 800]], which arrived in November 2011. Falling sales in 2011, which were not being improved significantly with the Lumia line in 2012, led to consecutive quarters of huge losses. By mid-2012 the company's stock price fell below $2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://seekingalpha.com/article/709681-nokia-is-finnished-prepare-for-bankruptcy|title=Nokia Is Finnished: Prepare For Bankruptcy|first=Kofi|last=Bofah|date=9 July 2012|website=Seekingalpha.com|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/nokia-bankrupt-2012-4?IR=T|title=And Now Nokia Has A New Problem -- It Might Go Bankrupt|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> CEO Elop announced cost-cutting measures in June by shedding 10,000 employees by the end of the year and the closure of the [[Salo, Finland|Salo]] manufacturing plant.<ref name=Register.2012.Struggles>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/06/14/nokia_job_losses_struggles/|title=Foundering Nokia pushes 10,000 bods, 3 veeps overboard|website=The Register}}</ref> The Finnish prime minister also announced that the government wouldn't subsidize the company from an emergency state fund.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/06/finnish-government-hangs-up-on-nokia/|title=Finnish Government Hangs Up on Nokia|magazine=Wired}}</ref> Around this time Nokia started a new project codenamed "[[Etesian|Meltemi]]", a platform for low-end smartphones.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/10/05/nokia_meltemi_for_s40/|title=Meltemi is real – Nokia's skunkworks Linux|last=Andrew|first=Orlowski|date=5 October 2011|website=[[The Register]]|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> With the Microsoft alliance and under Elop's management, Nokia also had a renewed focus on the North American market where Nokia phones were, in stark contrast to the rest of the world, almost irrelevant for many years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/303519-nokia-a-look-at-the-global-battle-over-mobile-advertising|title=Nokia: A Look At The Global Battle Over Mobile Advertising|last=TechCrunch|date=30 October 2011|website=Seeking Alpha|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2010/09/16/technology/nokia/index.htm|title=Why Nokia can't crack the U.S. market – Sep. 16, 2010|publisher=CNN|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> This strategy began in January 2012 with the introduction of the [[Nokia Lumia 900]] smartphone in partnership with U.S. carrier [[AT&T]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2136320/ces-nokia-looks-crack-market-lumia-n900|title=CES: Nokia looks to crack US market with Lumia 900 – V3|date=10 January 2012|website=V3.co.uk|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

In March 2011, Nokia introduced a new corporate typeface called "Pure".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/nokia-unveils-new-typeface-pure/|title=Nokia unveils new typeface, Pure|first=Damian|last=Koh|publisher=CNET|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> On 1 August 2011, Nokia announced that it would adopt a new three-digit naming system for mobile phone products and stop using letters, effectively ending the [[Nokia Nseries|Nseries]], [[Nokia Eseries|Eseries]], and short-lived [[Nokia phone series#List of Cseries devices|Cseries]]. That same day the [[Nokia 500]] was introduced with the new system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Nokia-changes-its-naming-system-again-goes-back-to-pure-numbers_id20806|title=Nokia changes its naming system again: goes back to pure numbers|first=Victor|last=H|website=Phone Arena|date=August 2011 |access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Nokia last used three-digit names on analogue phones in the 1990s.<ref name="auto" />

When the [[Nokia Lumia 920|Lumia 920]] was announced in September 2012, it was seen by the press as the first high-end Windows Phone that could challenge rivals due to its advanced feature set. Elop said that the positive reaction to it had created a sense of hope and optimism in the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mynokiablog.com/2012/12/18/video-stephen-elop-interviewed-by-yle-on-positive-nokia-lumia-920-feedback/|title=Video: Stephen Elop interviewed by YLE on Positive Nokia Lumia 920 feedback|date=18 December 2012|website=My Nokia Blog}}</ref> The company was also making gains in developing countries with its [[Nokia Asha series|Asha]] series, which were selling strongly.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.informationweek.com/desktop/nokia-lumia-sales-strong-asha-stronger/d/d-id/1108160|title=Nokia Lumia Sales Strong, Asha Stronger |magazine=InformationWeek}}</ref> Although Nokia's smartphone sales and market share greatly increased throughout 2013, including in the North American market,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/29/nokia-had-a-stunning-q3-in-north-america-with-device-volume-up-367-from-last-year/|title=Nokia Had A Stunning Q3 In North America, With Device Volume Up 367% From Last Year|website=TechCrunch|date=29 October 2013 |access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> it was still not enough to avoid financial losses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22197404|title=Nokia shares fall after sales drop|date=18 April 2013|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Ollila stepped down as chairman on 4 May 2012 and was replaced by Risto Siilasmaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/computer/291683/jorma-ollila-resigns-as-nokia-chairman-after-13-years|title=Jorma Ollila resigns as Nokia chairman after 13 years|website=Bangkok Post|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Ristoonstage.jpg|thumb|left|[[Risto Siilasmaa]], Nokia chairperson from 2012 to 2020]]
In September 2013, Nokia announced the sale of its mobile and devices division to Microsoft. The sale was positive for Nokia to avoid further negative financial figures, as well as for Microsoft's CEO [[Steve Ballmer]], who wanted Microsoft to produce more hardware and turn it into a devices and services company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.computerweekly.com/microscope/report/The-acquisition-of-Nokia-Steve-Ballmers-last-hurrah|title=The acquisition of Nokia: Steve Ballmer's last hurrah?|website=MicroscopeUK}}</ref> The Nokia chairperson, Risto Siilasmaa, described the deal as rationally correct (in the best interests of Nokia shareholders), but emotionally difficult<ref name="asokan.org">{{cite web|url=https://asokan.org/operation-elop/|title=Operation Elop|website=Asokan.org|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> – experts agree that Nokia would have been in a cash crisis had it not sold the division to Microsoft.<ref name="hs.fi">{{cite web|url=https://www.hs.fi/talous/art-2000005845497.html?share=2e1522d55bd58df94c2ea5abdfb7b3c3|title=Jorma Ollila brought Nokia great success. But did he also bring the company down? The former phone giant's current chairman Risto Siilasmaa tells us what he witnessed|date=28 September 2018|website=Helsingin Sanomat|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="asokan.org" /> Analysts believe that Ballmer pushed for the buyout because of fears that Nokia was close to adopting Android and abandoning their alliance with Microsoft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://betanews.com/2013/09/05/why-microsoft-really-bought-nokia/|title=Why Microsoft really bought Nokia|website=BetaNews.com|date=5 September 2013|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/analysts-microsoft-bought-nokia-because-nokia-was-going-to-stop-making-windows-phones-2013-9|title=Analysts: Microsoft Bought Nokia Because Nokia Was Going To Stop Making Windows Phones|first=Nicholas|last=Carlson|website=Business Insider|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Indeed, in January 2014 the [[Nokia X]] was introduced which ran on a customised version of Android. It was a surprising and somewhat odd launch coming just weeks away from the finalization of the Microsoft buyout.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/25/5445150/why-is-nokia-making-android-phones|title=Why is Nokia making Android phones?|first=Tom|last=Warren|date=25 February 2014|website=The Verge|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/24/5440498/nokia-x-android-phone-hands-on|title=This is Nokia X: Android and Windows Phone collide|first=Tom|last=Warren|date=24 February 2014|website=The Verge|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Others, including Ballmer's successor [[Satya Nadella]], felt that Microsoft thought merging their software teams with Nokia's hardware engineering and designs would "accelerate" growth of Windows Phone.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thurrott.com/mobile/windows-phone/135827/satya-nadella-admits-nokia-acquisition|title=Satya Nadella Admits He Was Against Nokia Acquisition|last=Thurrottfeed|date=25 September 2017|website=Thurrott.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> The sale was completed in April 2014, with [[Microsoft Mobile]] becoming the successor to Nokia's mobile devices division. Nokia also moved from its [[Tieto Keilalahti Campus|headquarters]] to another building complex located at Karaportti. At the time, Ballmer himself was retiring as Microsoft CEO and was replaced by [[Satya Nadella]], who opposed the Nokia mobile phones purchase, along with chairman [[Bill Gates]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alphr.com/news/387439/gates-and-nadella-opposed-microsofts-nokia-acquisition|title=Gates and Nadella opposed Microsoft's Nokia acquisition|website=Alphr|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328184725/https://www.alphr.com/news/387439/gates-and-nadella-opposed-microsofts-nokia-acquisition|url-status=dead}}</ref> The purchased assets from Nokia were eventually [[Write-off|written-off]] by Microsoft in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-steve-ballmer-nokia-2017-9|title=Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella says he voted against Steve Ballmer's $7.6 billion Nokia mistake|first=Matt|last=Weinberger|website=Business Insider|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

By 2014, Nokia's global [[brand valuation|brand value]] according to Interbrand fell to 98th place,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=37&year=857|title=Best Global Brands – 2014 (Interbrand) – Ranking The Brands|website=Rankingthebrands.com}}</ref> a sharp slide from the 5th place it was in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=37&year=72|title=Best Global Brands – 2009 (Interbrand) – Ranking The Brands|website=Rankingthebrands.com}}</ref> Nokia's downfall in the mobile phone market has had different explanations from analysts, with many split about the CEO's decision to abandon its in-house operating system and adopting Windows Phone in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gigaom.com/2011/02/11/what-the-web-is-saying-nokia-partners-with-microsoft/|title=What the Web Is Saying: Nokia Partners With Microsoft|first=Ryan|last=Kim|date=11 February 2011|website=Gigaom.com|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191906/https://gigaom.com/2011/02/11/what-the-web-is-saying-nokia-partners-with-microsoft/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Many researchers have concluded that Nokia suffered from deep internal rivalries within the management.<ref name="hs.fi" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304388004577531002591315494|title=Nokia's Bad Call on Smartphones|first1=Anton|last1=Troianovski|first2=Sven|last2=Grundberg|date=19 July 2012|access-date=28 March 2019|website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobalist.com/apple-vs-nokia-the-smartphone-rivalry/|title=Apple Vs. Nokia: The Smartphone Rivalry|date=9 August 2010|website=Theglobalist.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://knowledge.insead.edu/strategy/the-strategic-decisions-that-caused-nokias-failure-7766|title=The Strategic Decisions That Caused Nokia's Failure|date=23 November 2017|website=INSEAD Knowledge|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Former employees claimed that the management became so swollen by the early success that they grew complacent over time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/27/nokia-bureaucracy-stifled_n_740113.html|title=Nokia Bureaucracy Stifled Innovation, Ex-Managers Say|date=27 November 2010|website=HuffPost|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9ec857b6-65f7-11e0-9d40-00144feab49a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/9ec857b6-65f7-11e0-9d40-00144feab49a |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Inside Nokia: rebuilt from within|website=Financial Times|date=13 April 2011|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Some from the Symbian developing team have claimed that the company's upper management rejected hundreds of potential innovations during the 2000s that they proposed, including entirely rewriting Symbian's code. One former Nokia employee claimed that the company was run as a "[[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-style [[bureaucracy]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geek.com/mobile/nokia-has-a-soviet-like-bureaucracy-that-stifles-innovation-1286869/|title=Nokia has a "Soviet-like" bureaucracy that stifles innovation|date=28 September 2010|website=Geek.com|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328193343/https://www.geek.com/mobile/nokia-has-a-soviet-like-bureaucracy-that-stifles-innovation-1286869/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Bürogebäude früheres Nokia-Werk Bochum-Riemke (2009).jpg|thumb|Former Nokia plant in [[Bochum]], Germany]]
[[File:Nokia (8111386420).jpg|thumb|left|A Nokia advertising sign in [[Dublin]], Ireland]]
In July 2013, Nokia bought [[Siemens]]' stake in the Nokia Siemens Networks joint venture for $2.2 billion, turning it into a wholly owned subsidiary called Nokia Solutions and Networks,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2046126/nokia-buys-out-renames-nokia-siemens-networks.html|title=Nokia buys out, renames Nokia Siemens Networks|website=PC World|date=7 August 2013|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> until being rebranded as [[Nokia Networks]] soon after.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teleanalysis.com/news/nokia-renames-nsn-as-networks-6843.html|title=Nokia renames NSN as Networks – TeleAnalysis|website=Teleanalysis.com|access-date=1 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604231037/http://www.teleanalysis.com/news/nokia-renames-nsn-as-networks-6843.html|archive-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> During Nokia's financial struggles, its profitable networking division with Siemens provided much of its income; thus, the purchase proved to be positive, particularly after the sale of its mobile devices unit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/24/3910528/nokia-q4-2012-financial-report-lumia-sales|title=Nokia finally reports profit after six quarters of losses|first=Aaron|last=Souppouris|date=24 January 2013|website=The Verge|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

=== 2014–2016 ===
After the sale of its mobile devices division, Nokia focused on network equipment through [[Nokia Networks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/workspace/here-maps-nokia-microsoft-handset-128902|title=Nokia To Focus On Here Maps And Network Equipment After Microsoft Sale|date=7 October 2013|website=Techweekeurope.co.uk|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

In October 2014, Nokia and [[China Mobile]] signed a US$970 million framework deal for delivery between 2014 and 2015.<ref>{{cite press release| agency=Reuters| date=10 October 2014| title=Nokia, China Mobile sign $970 million framework deal| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010| access-date=1 July 2017| archive-date=24 September 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924205236/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010| url-status=live}}</ref>

On 17 November 2014, Nokia Technologies head Ramzi Haidamus disclosed that the company planned to re-enter the consumer electronics business as an [[original design manufacturer]], licensing in-house hardware designs and technologies to third-party manufacturers. Haidamus stated that the Nokia brand was "valuable" but "is diminishing in value, and that's why it is important that we reverse that trend very quickly, imminently".<ref name=verge-licensing>{{cite web|title=Nokia looks to resurrect its valuable brand on future devices|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/11/17/7233173/nokia-brand-licesnsing-plans|website=The Verge|date=17 November 2014|access-date=18 November 2014}}</ref> The next day, Nokia unveiled the [[Nokia N1|N1]], an Android [[tablet computer|tablet]] manufactured by [[Foxconn]], as its first product following the Microsoft sale.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nokia's first device after Microsoft is an iPad mini clone that runs Android|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/11/18/7239709/nokia-n1-tablet-price-release-date|website=The Verge|date=18 November 2014|access-date=18 November 2014}}</ref> Haidamus emphasized that devices released under these licensing agreements would be held to high standards in production quality, and would "look and feel just like Nokia built it".<ref name="verge-newnokia" /> Nokia CEO Rajeev Suri stated that the company planned to re-enter the mobile phone business in this manner in 2016, following the expiration of its non-compete clause with Microsoft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/06/18/nokia-ceo-on-designing-phones/|title=Nokia CEO says the company will design and license phones again|date=19 June 2015 |work=Engadget|access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref>

According to Robert Morlino, the spokesman of Nokia Technologies, Nokia planned to follow the [[Brand licensing|brand-licensing]] model rather than direct marketing of mobile devices due to the sale of its mobile devices division to Microsoft.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Other statements|url = http://company.nokia.com/en/news/statements/other-statements|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150602024418/http://company.nokia.com/en/news/statements/other-statements|url-status=dead|archive-date = 2 June 2015|publisher = Nokia|access-date = 20 November 2015}}</ref> The company took aggressive steps to revitalize itself, evident through its hiring of software experts, testing of new products and seeking of sales partners.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Back to the future: Nokia prepares for mobile comeback|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-mobile-consumer-idUSKCN0QF0FK20150810|agency = Reuters|date = 10 August 2015|access-date = 20 November 2015|archive-date = 21 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151121015351/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/10/us-nokia-mobile-consumer-idUSKCN0QF0FK20150810|url-status = live}}</ref> On 14 July 2015, CEO Rajeev Suri confirmed that the company would make a return to the mobile phones market in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2414022/nokia-boss-yes-were-going-to-start-making-phones-again|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621042904/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2414022/nokia-boss-yes-were-going-to-start-making-phones-again|url-status=unfit|archive-date=21 June 2015|title=Nokia: We'll return to the mobile phone market in 2016 – TheINQUIRER|website=Theinquirer.net|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

On 28 July 2015, Nokia announced OZO, a [[Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera|360-degrees]] [[virtual reality]] camera, with eight [[2K resolution|2K]] optical image sensors. The division behind the product, Nokia Technologies, claimed that OZO would be the most advanced [[VR photography|VR film-making]] platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/7/28/9064499/nokia-vr-camera-ozo|title=Nokia reveals Ozo, a futuristic new camera for filming virtual reality|first=Casey|last=Newton|date=29 July 2015|website=The Verge|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> Nokia's press release stated that OZO would be "the first in a planned portfolio of digital media solutions," with more technological products expected in the future.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-07/29/nokia-ozo-virtual-reality-camera|title=Nokia makes comeback with OZO virtual reality camera|magazine=Wired UK|access-date=1 June 2016|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313201538/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-07/29/nokia-ozo-virtual-reality-camera|url-status=dead}}</ref> OZO was fully unveiled on 30 November in [[Los Angeles]]. The OZO, designed for professional use, was intended for retail for US$60,000;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2015/12/01/nokia-ozo-vr-camera/|title=Nokia's $60,000 virtual reality camera is now available for pre-order|first=Stan|last=Schroeder|website=Mashable.com|date=December 2015|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> however, its price was decreased by $15,000 prior to release,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/nokia-ozo-vr-camera-price-drop/|title=Nokia drops the price of its Ozo virtual reality camera by $15K|date=18 August 2016|publisher=Digital Trends|access-date=22 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> and is listed on its official website as $40,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ozo.nokia.com/ozo_en/ozo-professional-vr-camera/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318162756/https://ozo.nokia.com/ozo_en/ozo-professional-vr-camera/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 March 2017|title=Nokia OZO {{!}} Buy OZO online from the official Nokia store|publisher=Nokia |access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref>

[[File:NokiaBuilding4.jpg|thumb|Nokia office building in [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]], [[Ontario]], Canada in 2016 – originally Alcatel-Lucent's office]]
[[File:Nokia Flexi Zone Micro BTS FWEA spec tag 20150811.jpg|thumb|left|A Nokia Flexi Zone [[base transceiver station]] (2015)]]
On 14 April 2015, Nokia confirmed that it was in talks with the French telecommunications equipment company [[Alcatel-Lucent]] regarding a potential merger.<ref name=wsj-nokiaal>{{cite news |author=Schechner, Sam |title=Nokia Is in Talks to Buy Alcatel-Lucent|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nokia-in-talks-to-buy-alcatel-lucent-1428996832 |access-date=14 April 2015 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=14 April 2015 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> The next day, Nokia announced that it had agreed to purchase Alcatel-Lucent for €15.6 billion in an all-stock deal.<ref name=verge-alcatelnokia /> CEO Rajeev Suri felt that the purchase would give Nokia a strategic advantage in the development of [[5G]] wireless technologies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/tech/alcatel-acquisition-will-boost-5g-plans-says-nokia-ceo-1166240.html|title=Alcatel acquisition will boost 5G plans, says Nokia CEO|publisher=CNN-IBN|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-date=22 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122090116/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/tech/alcatel-acquisition-will-boost-5g-plans-says-nokia-ceo-1166240.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Simnikiwe Mzekandaba, iTWeb. "[http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=148006 Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent deal nears completion]." 23 November 2015. 30 November 2015.</ref> The acquisition created a stronger competitor to the rival firms [[Ericsson]] and [[Huawei]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ericsson-results/ericsson-reports-fifth-straight-quarter-in-the-red-idUKKBN1FK0MA|title=Ericsson reports fifth straight quarter in the red|author=Editorial|publisher=Reuters U.K.|access-date=31 January 2018|language=en-GB|quote=The company faces mounting competition from China's Huawei and Finland's Nokia as well as weak emerging markets and falling spending by telecoms operators for which purchases of next-generation 5G technology are still years away.}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> whom Nokia and Alcatel-Lucent had surpassed in terms of total combined revenue in 2014. Nokia shareholders hold 66.5% of the new combined company, while Alcatel-Lucent shareholders hold 33.5%. The [[Bell Labs]] division was to be maintained, but the Alcatel-Lucent brand would be replaced by Nokia.<ref name="verge-alcatelnokia">{{cite web |author=Byford, Sam |title=Nokia agrees to buy Alcatel-Lucent for $16.6 billion |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/15/8418709/nokia-alcatel-lucent-merge |website=The Verge |date=15 April 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>Simon Zekaria and Ryan Knutson, The Wall Street Journal. "[https://www.wsj.com/articles/merger-of-nokia-with-alcatel-lucent-could-put-pressure-on-prices-1429016471 Merger of Nokia With Alcatel-Lucent Could Put Pressure on Prices]." 14 April 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2016.</ref> In October 2015, following approval of the deal by China's Ministry of Commerce, the merger awaited approval by French regulators.<ref>Daniel Thomas, Financial Times. "[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c75728f2-7654-11e5-a95a-27d368e1ddf7.html Nokia-Alcatel Lucent deal wins approval of Chinese regulator]." 19 October 2015. 19 October 2015.</ref> Despite the initial intent of selling the submarine cable division separately, Alcatel-Lucent later declared that it would not.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Alcatel's strategic undersea cables unit to be swallowed by Nokia|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-alcatel-cables-idUSKCN0S02IN20151007|agency = Reuters|date = 7 October 2015|access-date = 20 November 2015|archive-date = 21 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151121030754/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/07/us-nokia-alcatel-cables-idUSKCN0S02IN20151007|url-status = live}}</ref> The merger closed on 14 January 2016,<ref>Peter Dinham, iTWire. "[http://www.itwire.com/it-industry-news/strategy/71079-nokia-alcatel-lucent-acquisition-closes Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent acquisition closes]." 18 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.</ref> but was not complete until 3 November 2016. From the acquisition, Nokia is now also the owner of the [[Alcatel Mobile]] phone brand, which continues to be licensed to [[TCL Technology|TCL]].

On 3 August 2015, Nokia announced that it had reached a deal to sell its [[Here Technologies|Here]] digital maps division to a consortium of [[BMW]], [[Mercedes-Benz Group|Daimler AG]] and [[Volkswagen Group]] for €2.8 billion.<ref name=cnet-heresale>{{cite web|title=Nokia sells Here maps business to carmakers Audi, BMW and Daimler|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/nokia-sells-here-maps-business-to-carmaker-consortium-of-audi-bmw-and-daimler/ |publisher=CNET |access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref> The deal closed on 3 December 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/04/nokia-closes-its-2-8b-sale-of-here-to-the-audi-bmw-and-daimler-car-consortium/|title=Nokia Closes Its $2.8B Sale Of Here To The Audi, BMW And Daimler Car Consortium|first=Ingrid|last=Lunden|work=TechCrunch |access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

=== 2016–2019 ===
On 26 April 2016, Nokia announced its intent to acquire French connected health device maker [[Withings]] for US$191 million. The company was integrated into a new Digital Health unit of Nokia Technologies.<ref>By Matthias Verbergt and Sam Schechner, The Wall Street Journal. "[https://www.wsj.com/articles/nokia-has-designs-on-a-healthier-futurewith-purchase-of-fitness-gadgets-startup-1461683376 Nokia Has Designs on a Healthier Future With Purchase of Fitness Gadgets Startup]." 26 April 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/nokia-completes-withings-acquisition/|title=It's official: Nokia owns Withings|last=Falcone|first=John|date=31 May 2015|publisher=CNET|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> Nokia later wrote off the cost of the acquisition and in May 2018 the health unit was sold back to [[Éric Carreel]], a Withings co-founder and former CEO.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/05/31/withings-cofounder-eric-carreel-finalizes-deal-to-regain-control-from-nokia/|title=Withings co-founder Éric Carreel finalizes deal to regain control from Nokia|last=O'Brien|first=Chris|date=31 May 2018|website=VentureBeat.com|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia 6 12.jpg|thumb|2017 [[Nokia 6]]]]
On 18 May 2016, Microsoft Mobile sold its Nokia-branded feature phone business to [[HMD Global]], a new company founded by former Nokia executive Jean-Francois Baril, and an associated factory in Vietnam to [[Foxconn]]'s [[Foxconn#FIH Mobile|FIH Mobile]] subsidiary. Nokia subsequently entered into a long-term licensing deal to make HMD the exclusive manufacturer of Nokia-branded phones and tablets outside Japan, operating in conjunction with Foxconn. The deal also granted HMD the right to essential patents and featurephone software. HMD subsequently announced the Android-based [[Nokia 6]] smartphone in January 2017.<ref name="bbc-hmdfounded">{{cite news|title=Microsoft sells Nokia feature phones business|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-36320329|work=BBC News|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="anand-nokia6">{{cite web|title=Nokia 6 Announced: Qualcomm Snapdragon 430, 5.5-Inch Display Android 7|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/11020/nokia-6-announced-qualcomm-snapdragon-430-55inch-display-andoid-7|publisher=Anandtech |access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref> At [[Mobile World Congress]], HMD additionally unveiled the [[Nokia 3]] and [[Nokia 5]] smartphones, as well as [[Nokia 3310 (2017)|a re-imagining]] of Nokia's classic [[Nokia 3310|3310]] feature phone.<ref name="ars-3310">{{cite web|title=Report: HMD to resurrect legendary Nokia 3310 at Mobile World Congress|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/02/report-hmd-to-resurrect-legendary-nokia-3310-at-mobile-world-congress/|website=Ars Technica|date=14 February 2017|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/02/18/nokia-3310-relaunch-still-love-phone-defined-nokia-era/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/02/18/nokia-3310-relaunch-still-love-phone-defined-nokia-era/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Nokia 3310 relaunch: Why we still love the phone that defined the Nokia era|newspaper=The Telegraph|author=James Titcomb |date=18 February 2017|access-date=8 March 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Nokia has direct investments in the company,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-06 |title=Nokia 2020 Annual Report reveals company's ownership interest in HMD Global, the maker of Nokia smartphones and more {{!}} Nokiamob |url=https://nokiamob.net/2021/03/06/nokia-2020-annual-report-reveals-companys-ownership-interest-in-hmd-global-the-maker-of-nokia-smartphones/,%20https://nokiamob.net/2021/03/06/nokia-2020-annual-report-reveals-companys-ownership-interest-in-hmd-global-the-maker-of-nokia-smartphones/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> and they do have some input in the new devices.

On 28 June 2016, Nokia demonstrated for the first time a [[5G]]-ready network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2016/06/28/nokia-demonstrates-worlds-first-5g-ready-network|title=Nokia demonstrates world's first 5G-ready network |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In February 2017 Nokia carried out a 5G connection in [[Oulu]], Finland using the 5GTF standard, backed by [[Verizon]], on [[Intel]] architecture-based equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcrwireless.com/20170215/test-and-measurement/20170215test-and-measurementnokia-carries-5g-connection-using-5gtf-standards|title=Nokia carries out 5G connection using 5GTF standards|date=15 February 2017}}</ref>

In July 2017, Nokia and [[Xiaomi]] announced that they have signed a business collaboration agreement and a multi-year patent agreement, including a cross-license to each company's cellular standard-essential patents.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2017/07/05/nokia-and-xiaomi-sign-business-cooperation-and-patent-agreements|title= Nokia and Xiaomi sign business cooperation and patent agreements|access-date=5 July 2017|date= 5 July 2017}}</ref> In that year, Nokia's brand value was ranked 188th by Brand Finance, a jump of 147 places from 2016. Its rise was attributed to its health portfolio and new mobile phones developed by HMD Global.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nokiamob.net/2018/02/01/nokia-jumps-from-335th-to-188th-place-on-brand-finance-list-for-2017/|title=Nokia jumps from 335th to 188th place on Brand Finance list for 2017|date=1 February 2018|website=Nokiamob.net}}</ref>

In January 2018, Nokia signed a deal with [[NTT Docomo]], Japan's largest mobile operator, to provide 5G wireless radio base stations in the country by 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-5g-ntt-docomo/nokia-signs-its-first-official-5g-equipment-deal-with-ntt-docomo-idUSKBN1F80QM|title=Nokia signs its first official 5G equipment deal with NTT DoCoMo|website=Reuters.com|date=19 January 2018}}</ref> Later that month, Nokia announced the ReefShark line of 5G [[chipset]]s, claiming that it triples bandwidth to 84&nbsp;Gbit/s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/networking/nokias-new-reefshark-chipset-aims-to-deliver-big-5g-performance-boost/|title=Nokia's new ReefShark chipset aims to deliver big 5G performance boost – ZDNet|first=Liam|last=Tung|publisher=ZDNet}}</ref> In March, [[Solidium]], the investment arm of the [[Finnish Government]], purchased a 3.3% stake in Nokia valued at €844 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.techradar.com/news/finnish-government-acquires-stake-in-nokia|title=Finnish government acquires stake in Nokia|work=TechRadar|access-date=24 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> In May, Nokia announced that it had acquired a [[California]]-based IoT startup, SpaceTime Insight.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spacetime-m-a-nokia/nokia-acquires-u-s-software-supplier-spacetime-insight-idUSKBN1I80JA|title=Nokia acquires U.S. software supplier SpaceTime Insight|last=Auchard|first=Eric|work=U.S.|access-date=7 May 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

In January 2019, the Canadian government announced that it would provide $40 million to support Nokia's research on [[5G]] technology.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/technology/article-canada-strikes-5g-research-deal-with-nokia/|title=Canada strikes 5G wireless research deal with Nokia|last=Blatchford|first=Andy|date=24 January 2019|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> A 2019 study revealed that Nokia phones performed far better than rivals [[Samsung]], [[LG]], [[Xiaomi]], and [[Huawei]] in updating to the latest version of [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. The study, made by Counterpoint Research, found that 96 percent of Nokia phones were either sent with or updated to the latest Android version since [[Android Pie|Pie]] was released in 2018. Nokia's competitors were found to be all around roughly the 80 percent range.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kastrenakes |first1=Jacob |title=Nokia is better than Samsung at timely Android updates, study says |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/2/20844444/android-updates-still-take-forever-study-says |website=The Verge |date=2 September 2019 |access-date=Sep 2, 2019}}</ref>

=== 2020–present ===
On 2 March 2020, Nokia announced [[Pekka Lundmark]] as its new CEO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/02/tech/nokia-ceo-pekka-lundmark/index.html|title=Nokia names new CEO after missing 5G opportunity|last=Toh|first=Michelle|date=March 2, 2020|website=[[CNN Business]]|access-date=March 2, 2020}}</ref> Later that month, Nokia completed the acquisition of Elenion Technologies, a U.S.-based company focusing on silicon photonics technology to improve economics of advanced optical connectivity products.<ref>[https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2020/03/25/nokia-completes-acquisition-of-elenion-technologies/ "Nokia completes acquisition of Elenion Technologies"] (25 March 2020). ''Nokia.com''. Retrieved 9 June 2020.</ref>

On 27 May 2020, [[Sari Baldauf]] succeeded Risto Siilasmaa as chairwoman of the board of directors, and Kari Stadigh was appointed vice chair. In June, Nokia won a 5G contract worth approximately $450 million<ref>{{cite web |title=Comeback of Nokia – The Phoenix That Rose From Its Ashes |date=3 November 2020 |url=https://marketscombined.com/blog/nokia-the-phoenix-that-rose-from-its-ashes/ |publisher=MarketsCombined |access-date=6 November 2020 |archive-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104041807/https://marketscombined.com/blog/nokia-the-phoenix-that-rose-from-its-ashes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> from [[Taiwan Mobile]] to build out the telecom operator's next-generation network as the sole supplier.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Supantha|date=June 29, 2020|title=Nokia wins Taiwan Mobile 5G contract worth $450 million|url=https://www.platformexecutive.com/news/mobile-telecoms-infrastructure/nokia-wins-taiwan-mobile-5g-contract-worth-450-million/|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Platform Executive}}</ref> In October, Nokia announced a contract with [[NASA]] to build a 4G mobile network for astronaut usage on the moon. The $14.1 million contract, through subsidiary Bell Labs, was expected to begin in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Browne|first=Ryan|date=2020-10-19|title=NASA is launching a 4G mobile network on the moon|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/19/nasa-is-launching-a-4g-mobile-network-on-the-moon.html|access-date=2020-10-19|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldman|first=David|date=2020-10-19|title=NASA and Nokia are putting a 4G network on the moon|url=https://www.cnn.com/cnn/2020/10/18/tech/4g-network-moon-trnd/index.html|access-date=2020-10-20|publisher=[[CNN]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-23|title=Nokia to launch various phones with Android Go
|url=https://www.promagzine.com/2020/11/23/nokia-to-launch-various-phones-with-android-go/ |access-date=2020-11-23|website=Pro Magazine|language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, [[Flipkart]] collaborated with Nokia to market Nokia-branded consumer products in India. These included televisions, a laptop and a range of air conditioners.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flipkart partners with Nokia to launch new air conditioners in India|url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/home-appliances/news/flipkart-partners-with-nokia-to-launch-new-air-conditioners-in-india-71608543284283.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=21 December 2020|language=en}}</ref>

In April 2022, Nokia announced that it would exit the Russian market following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|country's invasion of Ukraine]]. The company stated that the decision would not affect its financial outlook as Russia accounted for less than 2% of Nokia's net sales in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Supantha |date=2022-04-12 |title=Nokia to stop doing business in Russia |language=en |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/nokia-says-stop-doing-business-russia-2022-04-12/ |access-date=2022-04-12}}</ref>

In February 2023, Nokia introduced a new logo for the first time in nearly 60 years<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Supantha |date=2023-02-26 |title=Nokia changes iconic logo to signal strategy shift |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2023/02/26/nokia-changes-iconic-logo-to-signal-strategy-shift |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}</ref> to change its brand identity as people still associated the previous logo with mobile phones.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lindeberg |first=Rafaela |date=2023-02-27 |title=Nokia redesigns logo because people think it still makes mobile phones |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2023/02/27/nokia-redesigns-logo-because-people-think-it-still-makes-mobile-phones |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}</ref> The new logo was designed by [[Lippincott (brand consultancy)|Lippincott]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nokia Rebrand |url=https://lippincott.com/work/nokia-rebrand/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Lippincott |language=en-US |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227165201/https://lippincott.com/work/nokia-rebrand/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In December 2023, Nokia acquired Fenix Group to strengthen its wireless offering in the defense segment for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-12 |title=Nokia to acquire Fenix Group, strengthening wireless offering in the Defense segment |url=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/nokia-acquire-fenix-group-strengthening-071200951.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Yahoo Finance |language=en-GB}}</ref> In the same month, Nokia announced a €185{{Nbsp}}million deal with Lumine Group to carve out its device management business (inherited from Alcatel-Lucent's purchase of [[Motive, Inc]].) and its service management business (formerly [[Mformation]]). The deal completed in April 2024 and involved the transfer of around 500 Nokia employees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sensi |first=Jasdip |date=2023-12-21 |title=Nokia sells device management business to Lumine for £160m |url=https://mobilemarketingmagazine.com/nokia-sells-lumine/ |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Mobile Marketing Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2024 |title=Lumine Group Completes the Purchase of the Device Management and Service Management Platform Businesses from Nokia |url=https://www.luminegroup.com/resources/lumine-group-completes-the-purchase-of-the-device-management-service-management-platform-businesses-from-nokia |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=luminegroup.com |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2024, the company announced that it was accelerating its [[Net zero emissions|carbon neutrality]] target by 10 years to 2040 after having previously committed to cutting its [[carbon footprint]] across [[Carbon accounting|emissions scopes]] in half by 2030 from a 2019 baseline.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chopping|first=Dominic|date=February 26, 2024|title=Nokia Brings Forward Net Zero Target by 10 Years to 2040|work=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=News Corp|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nokia-brings-forward-net-zero-target-by-10-years-to-2040-c4cb675c|access-date=February 27, 2024}}</ref>

In June 2024, Nokia acquired [[Infinera]] for $2.3 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-28 |title=Nokia to buy networking company Infinera in US$2.3 billion deal |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/telcos-media-tech/nokia-buy-networking-company-infinera-us2-3-billion-deal |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=The Business Times |language=en}}</ref>

On 10 February 2025, Nokia announced that Pekka Lundmark would step down as president and CEO on 31 March and be succeeded by [[Justin Hotard]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nokia appoint Justin Hotard as new CEO {{!}} Yle.fi |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20142623 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320045804/https://yle.fi/a/74-20142623 |archive-date=2025-03-20 |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Yle.fi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside information: Nokia announces a leadership transition – Justin Hotard appointed as successor to Pekka Lundmark {{!}} Nokia.com |url=https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2025/02/10/inside-information-nokia-announces-a-leadership-transition-justin-hotard-appointed-as-successor-to-pekka-lundmark/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323203701/https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2025/02/10/inside-information-nokia-announces-a-leadership-transition-justin-hotard-appointed-as-successor-to-pekka-lundmark/ |archive-date=2025-03-23 |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Nokia.com |language=en}}</ref>