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==Written communication== ===Writing systems=== * Phonographic [[writing systems]], by definition, use symbols to represent components of auditory language, i.e. [[speech]], which in turn refers to things or ideas. The two main kinds of phonographic notational system are the [[alphabet]] and the [[syllabary]]. Some written languages are more consistent in their correlation of written symbols (or [[grapheme]]s) with sound (or [[phoneme]]s), and are therefore considered to have better [[phonemic orthography]]. * Ideographic writing, by definition, refers to things or ideas independently of their pronunciation in any language. Some ideographic systems are also [[pictogram]]s that convey meaning through their pictorial resemblance to a physical object. ===Linguistics=== * Various brackets, parentheses, slashes, and lines are used around words and letters in [[linguistics]] to distinguish written from spoken forms, etc. See {{section link|International Phonetic Alphabet|Brackets and transcription delimiters}}. ===Biology and medicine=== * [[Nucleic acid notation]] * [[Systems Biology Graphical Notation|Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN)]]<!--[Doesn't clarify/assist?:], orthogonal notations for ''Process Descriptions'', ''Entity Relationships'', and ''Activity Flows''--> * [[Sequence motif#Pattern description notations|Sequence motif pattern-description notations]] * [[Cytogenetic notation]] * [[Energy Systems Language]] ===Chemistry=== {{See also|TeX#TeX for chemistry notation|l1=Computational chemistry notation in TeX}} * A [[chemical formula]] describes a chemical compound using element symbols and subscripts, e.g. {{chem|H|2|O}} for water or {{chem|C|6|H|12|O|6}} for glucose * [[SMILES]] is a notation for describing the structure of a molecule with a [[plain text]] string, e.g. N=N for nitrogen or CCO for ethanol ===Computing=== * BNF (Backus normal form, or [[Backus–Naur form]]) and EBNF (extended Backus-Naur form) are the two main notation techniques for context-free grammars. * [[DRAKON|Drakon-charts]] are a graphical notation of algorithms and procedural knowledge. * [[Hungarian notation]] is an identifier naming convention in [[computer programming]], that represents the [[data type|type]] or intended use of a [[variable (computer science)|variable]] with a specific pattern within its name. * [[Mathematical markup languages]] are computer notations for representing mathematical formulae. * Various notations have been developed to specify [[regular expression]]s. * The [[ APL_(programming_language) | APL programming language ]] provided a rich set of very concise new notations ===Logic=== A variety of symbols are used to express logical ideas; see the [[List of logic symbols]] ===Management=== * Time and motion study symbols such as [[therblig]]s ===Mathematics=== {{See also|Comparison of TeX editors}} *[[Mathematical notation]] is used to represent various kinds of mathematical ideas. ** All types of [[notation in probability]] ** [[Cartesian coordinate system]], for representing position and other spatial concepts in analytic geometry ** [[Notation for differentiation]], common representations of the [[derivative]] in [[calculus]] ** [[Big O notation]], used for example in analysis to represent less significant elements of an expression, to indicate that they will be neglected ** [[Z notation]], a formal notation for specifying objects using [[Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory]] and [[first-order predicate logic]] ** [[Ordinal notation]] ** [[Set-builder notation]], a formal notation for defining [[Set (mathematics)|sets]] in [[set theory]] * Systems to represent very large numbers ** [[Conway chained arrow notation]], an arrow system ** [[Knuth's up-arrow notation]], an arrow system ** [[Steinhaus–Moser notation]], Polygon Numbers ** [[Schläfli symbol]] in geometry ** [[Symbol Levelled notation]], The Ultimate Leveller * [[Numeral system]]s, notation for writing numbers, including ** [[Arabic numeral]]s ** [[Roman numeral]]s ** [[Scientific notation]] for expressing large and small numbers ** [[Engineering notation]] ** [[Sign-value notation]], using signs or symbols to represent numbers ** [[Positional notation]] also known as place-value notation, in which each position is related to the next by a multiplier which is called the ''base'' of that numeral system *** [[Binary notation]], a positional notation in base two *** [[Octal]] notation, a positional notation in base eight, used in some computers *** [[Decimal notation]], a positional notation in base ten *** [[Hexadecimal]] notation, a positional notation in base sixteen, commonly used in computers *** [[Sexagesimal]] notation, an ancient numeral system in base sixty * See also [[Table of mathematical symbols]] - for general tokens and their definitions... ===Physics=== * [[Bra–ket notation]], or Dirac notation, is an alternative representation of probability distributions in [[quantum mechanics]]. * [[Tensor index notation]] is used when formulating physics (particularly [[continuum mechanics]], electromagnetism, relativistic quantum mechanics and field theory, and general relativity) in the language of [[tensor]]s. ===Typographical conventions=== * [[Infix notation]], the common arithmetic and logical formula notation, such as "''a'' + ''b'' − ''c''". * [[Polish notation]] or "prefix notation", which places the operator before the operands (arguments), such as "+ ''a'' ''b''". * [[Reverse Polish notation]] or "postfix notation", which places the operator after the operands, such as "''a'' ''b'' +". ===Sports and games=== * [[Baseball scorekeeping]], to represent a game of baseball * [[Aresti Catalogue]], to represent aerobatic manoeuvres * [[Chess notation]], to represent moves in a game of chess ** [[Algebraic notation (chess)|Algebraic notation]] ***[[Portable Game Notation]] ** [[Descriptive notation]] ** [[Forsyth–Edwards Notation]] * [[Siteswap]] notation represents a juggling pattern as a sequence of numbers * [[Singmaster notation]], to represent Rubik's Cube moves
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