Editing November 1 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 365|365]] &ndash; The [[Alemanni]] cross the [[Rhine]] and invade [[Gaul]]. Emperor [[Valentinian I]] moves to [[Paris]] to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* [[996]] &ndash; Emperor [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]] issues a deed to Gottschalk, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Bishop of Freising]], which is the oldest known document using the name ''[[Ostarrîchi]]'' (Austria in [[Old High German]]).
*[[1009]] &ndash; [[Berbers|Berber]] forces led by [[Sulayman ibn al-Hakam]] defeat the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] caliph [[Muhammad II of Córdoba]] in the battle of [[Alcolea]].
*[[1141]] &ndash; [[Empress Matilda]]'s reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen of Blois]] regaining the title of 'King of [[Kingdom of England|England]]'.
*[[1179]] &ndash; [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] is [[coronation|crowned]] as 'King of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]'.
*[[1214]] &ndash; The port city of [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinope]] [[Siege of Sinope|surrenders]] to the [[Seljuq Turks]].
*[[1348]] &ndash; The anti-royalist [[Union of Valencia]] attacks the Jews of [[Murviedro]] on the pretext that they are [[serf]]s of the [[King of Valencia]] and thus "royalists".
*[[1503]] &ndash; [[Pope Julius II]] is elected.
*[[1512]] &ndash; The ceiling of the [[Sistine Chapel]], painted by [[Michelangelo]], is exhibited to the public for the first time.
*[[1520]] &ndash; The [[Strait of Magellan]], the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer [[Ferdinand Magellan]] during the first recorded [[circumnavigation]] voyage.
*[[1555]] &ndash; French [[Huguenot]]s establish the [[France Antarctique]] colony in present-day [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil.
*[[1570]] &ndash; The [[All Saints' Flood (1570)|All Saints' Flood]] devastates the Dutch coast.

===1601–1900===
*[[1604]] &ndash; [[William Shakespeare]]'s tragedy ''[[Othello]]'' is performed for the first time, at [[Whitehall Palace]] in London.
*[[1611]] &ndash; Shakespeare's play ''[[The Tempest]]'' is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
*[[1612]] &ndash; During the [[Time of Troubles]], Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's [[Kitay-gorod]] by Russian troops under the command of [[Dmitry Pozharsky]] ([[22 October]] [[Old Style|O.S.]]).
*[[1683]] &ndash; The British Crown [[Province of New York|colony of New York]] is subdivided into 12 [[List of counties in New York|counties]].
*[[1688]] &ndash; [[William III of Orange]] sets out a second time from [[Hellevoetsluis]] in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from [[King James II of England]] during the [[Glorious Revolution]].
*[[1755]] &ndash; In Portugal, [[Lisbon]] is [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|totally devastated]] by a massive earthquake and [[tsunami]], killing an estimated 40,000 to 60,000 people.
*[[1765]] &ndash; The [[Parliament of Great Britain|British Parliament]] enacts the [[Stamp Act 1765|Stamp Act]] on the [[Thirteen Colonies]] in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.
*[[1790]] &ndash; [[Edmund Burke]] publishes ''[[Reflections on the Revolution in France]]'', in which he predicts that the [[French Revolution]] will end in a disaster.
*[[1800]] &ndash; [[John Adams]] becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the [[White House]]).
*[[1805]] &ndash; [[Napoleon I|Napoleon Bonaparte]] invades [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] during the [[War of the Third Coalition]].
*[[1814]] &ndash; [[Congress of Vienna]] opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].
*[[1848]] &ndash; In [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], the first [[medical school]] for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the [[Boston University School of Medicine]]), opens.
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] appoints [[George B. McClellan]] as the commander of the [[Union Army]], replacing General [[Winfield Scott]].
*[[1870]] &ndash; In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the [[National Weather Service]]) makes its first official [[Meteorology|meteorological]] forecast.
*[[1893]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Bembezi]] took place and was the most decisive battle won by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] in the [[First Matabele War]] of 1893.
*[[1894]] &ndash; [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] becomes the new (and last) [[Russian Empire|Tsar of Russia]] after his father, [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]], dies.
*  1894   &ndash; [[Buffalo Bill]], 15 of his Native Americans, and [[Annie Oakley]] were filmed by [[Thomas Edison]] in his [[Edison's Black Maria|Black Maria Studio]] in [[West Orange, New Jersey]].
*[[1896]] &ndash; A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'' magazine for the first time.
*[[1897]] &ndash; The first [[Library of Congress]] building opens its doors to the public; the library had previously been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the [[United States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]].
*  1897  &ndash; Italian [[Juventus F.C.|Sport-Club Juventus]] is founded by a group of students of [[Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/club/history/the-story-of-a-legend|title=History|publisher=Juventus Football Club S.p.A.|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1905]] &ndash; [[Lahti]], a city in Finland, is granted city rights by Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]], the last Grand Duke of Finland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tradicii.info/fi/lahti/lahden-kaupungin-perustaminen.html|title=Lahden kaupungin perustaminen|website=Tradicii.info|access-date=July 18, 2022|language=fi}}</ref>
*[[1911]] &ndash; World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the [[Italo-Turkish War]]. Second Lieutenant [[Giulio Gavotti]] of [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] drops several small bombs.
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The first British [[Royal Navy]] defeat of the war with Germany, the [[Battle of Coronel]], is fought off of the western coast of [[Chile]], in the Pacific, with the loss of {{HMS|Good Hope|1901|6}} and {{HMS|Monmouth|1901|6}}.
*  1914   &ndash; World War I: The [[First Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]] (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from [[Albany, Western Australia]] bound for Egypt.
*[[1916]] &ndash; In Russia, [[Pavel Milyukov]] delivers in the [[State Duma]] the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the government of [[Boris Stürmer]].
*[[1918]] &ndash; World War I: With a brave action carried out into the waters of the Austro-Hungarian port of [[Pula]], two officers of the Italian [[Regia Marina]] sink with a manned torpedo the enemy battleship [[SMS Viribus Unitis|SMS ''Viribus Unitis'']].<ref>{{cite book|last = Sokol|first = Anthony|year=1968|title=The Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Navy|publisher=United States Naval Institute|location = Annapolis|oclc = 462208412}}</ref>
*  1918   &ndash; [[Malbone Street wreck]]: The worst [[rapid transit]] accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and [[Flatbush Avenue]], [[Brooklyn]], New York City, with at least 102 deaths.
*  1918   &ndash; [[West Ukrainian People's Republic|Western Ukraine]] separates from [[Austria-Hungary]].
*[[1922]] &ndash; [[Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate]]: The last sultan of the [[Ottoman Empire]], [[Mehmed VI]], abdicates.
*[[1923]] &ndash; The Finnish airline Aero O/Y (now [[Finnair]]) is founded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The history of Finnair |url=https://company.finnair.com/en/about/history |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=company.finnair.com |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1928]] &ndash; The ''Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish Alphabet]]'', replaces the [[Arabic alphabet]] with the [[Latin alphabet]].
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Stalinism|Stalinists]] execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan's]] [[Lutheran]] community.
*[[1938]] &ndash; [[Seabiscuit]] defeats [[War Admiral]] in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
*[[1941]] &ndash; American photographer [[Ansel Adams]] takes a [[Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico|picture of a moonrise]] over the town of [[Hernandez, New Mexico]] that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Matanikau Offensive]] begins during the [[Guadalcanal Campaign]] and ends three days later with an American victory.
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: The [[3rd Marine Division]], [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marines]], landing on [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]] in the [[Solomon Islands]], secures a beachhead, leading that night to a naval clash at the [[Battle of Empress Augusta Bay]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: Units of the British Army [[Battle of Walcheren Causeway|land]] at [[Walcheren]].
*[[1945]] &ndash; The official [[North Korea]]n newspaper, ''[[Rodong Sinmun]]'', is first published under the name ''Chongro''.
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Athenagoras I of Constantinople|Athenagoras I]], [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]], is enthroned.
*[[1949]] &ndash; All 55 people on board [[Eastern Air Lines Flight 537]] are killed when the [[Douglas DC-4]] operating the flight [[Mid-air collision|collides in mid-air]] with a [[Bolivian Air Force]] [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning]] aircraft over [[Alexandria, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-54B-10-DO (DC-4) N88727 Washington-National Airport, DC (DCA)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19491101-0|access-date=2021-10-31|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1950]] &ndash; [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] nationalists [[Griselio Torresola]] and [[Oscar Collazo]] [[Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman|attempt to assassinate]] US President [[Harry S. Truman]] at [[Blair House]].
*[[1951]] &ndash; [[Operation Buster–Jangle]]: Six thousand five hundred [[United States Army]] soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' [[atom bomb|atomic explosion]]s for training purposes in [[Nevada]]. Participation is not voluntary.
*[[1952]] &ndash; [[Nuclear weapons testing]]: The United States successfully detonates [[Ivy Mike]], the first [[Thermonuclear weapon|thermonuclear device]], at the [[Eniwetok]] atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons [[TNT equivalent]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mason |first1=Caroline F. V. |title=Professor Emerita Darleane Christian Hoffman: Determination Wins |journal=ACS Symposium Series |date=January 2018 |volume=1311 |page=312 |doi=10.1021/bk-2018-1311.ch014|isbn=978-0-8412-3391-1 }}</ref>
*[[1954]] &ndash; The [[National Liberation Front (Algeria)|Front de Libération Nationale]] fires the first shots of the [[Algerian War of Independence]].
*[[1955]] &ndash; The establishment of a [[Military Assistance Advisory Group]] in South Vietnam marks the beginning of American involvement in the conflict.
*  1955   &ndash; The bombing of [[United Air Lines Flight 629]] occurs near [[Longmont, Colorado]], killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the [[Douglas DC-6]]B airliner.
*[[1956]] &ndash; The Indian states [[Kerala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], and [[Mysore State|Mysore]] are formally created under the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|States Reorganisation Act]]; [[Kanyakumari]] district is joined to [[Tamil Nadu]] from [[Kerala]]. [[Delhi]] was established as a [[union territory]].
*  1956   &ndash; [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|Hungarian Revolution]]: [[Imre Nagy]] announces Hungary's neutrality and withdrawal from the [[Warsaw Pact]]. [[Soviet Army|Soviet troops]] begin to re-enter Hungary, contrary to assurances by the Soviet government. [[János Kádár]] and [[Ferenc Münnich]] secretly defect to the Soviets.
*  1956   &ndash; The [[Springhill mining disasters|Springhill mining disaster]] in [[Springhill, Nova Scotia]] kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued.
*[[1957]] &ndash; The [[Mackinac Bridge]], the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas.
*[[1963]] &ndash; The [[Arecibo Observatory]] in [[Arecibo, Puerto Rico]], with the largest [[Arecibo Telescope|radio telescope]] ever constructed, officially opens.
*  1963   &ndash; The [[1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état|1963 South Vietnamese coup]] begins.
*[[1968]] &ndash; The [[Motion Picture Association of America]]'s [[Motion Picture Association of America film rating system|film rating system]] is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X.
*[[1970]] &ndash; [[Club Cinq-Sept fire]] in [[Saint-Laurent-du-Pont]], France kills 146 young people.
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Watergate scandal]]: [[Leon Jaworski]] is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
*  1973   &ndash; The Indian state of [[Mysore]] is renamed as [[Karnataka]] to represent all the regions within Karunadu.
*  [[1976]] &ndash; Burundian president [[Michel Micombero]] is deposed in a bloodless [[National Defence Force (Burundi)|military]] [[1976 Burundian coup d'état|coup d'état]] by deputy [[Jean-Baptiste Bagaza]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1976-11-03 |title=BURUNDI PRESIDENT DEPOSED BY MILITARY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/03/archives/burundi-president-deposed-by-military.html |access-date=19 January 2021 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
*[[1979]] &ndash; In Bolivia, Colonel [[Alberto Natusch]] executes a bloody [[coup d'état]] against the constitutional government of [[Wálter Guevara]].
*  1979   &ndash; [[Griselda Álvarez]] becomes the first female [[Governor of Colima|governor]] of a state of Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|website=Mexico Desconocido|title=Griselda Álvarez: la primera mujer gobernadora en México|date=Oct 6, 2019|access-date=Oct 21, 2019|language=es|trans-title=Griselda Álvarez: The first female governor in Mexico|url=https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/griselda-alvarez.html}}</ref>
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Antigua and Barbuda]] gains independence from the United Kingdom.
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[Honda]] becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in [[Marysville, Ohio]]; a [[Honda Accord]] is the first car produced there.
*[[1984]] &ndash; After the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]], [[Prime Minister of India]] on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards, [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|anti-Sikh riots]] erupt.
*[[1987]] &ndash; [[British Rail Class 43 (HST)]] hits the record speed of 238&nbsp;km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors.
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Head of the Chechen Republic|President of the Chechen Republic]] [[Dzhokhar Dudayev]] declares sovereignty of the [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]] from the [[Russia|Russian Federation]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=James |title=Chechnya: from nationalism to jihad |date=2007 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=9780812202311 |page=25}}</ref>
*[[1993]] &ndash; The [[Maastricht Treaty]] takes effect, formally establishing the [[European Union]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/principles-and-values/founding-agreements_en |title=Founding agreements |website=[[European Union]] |department=Principles and values |access-date=10 April 2022}}</ref>
*[[2000]] &ndash; [[Chhattisgarh]] officially [[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|becomes]] the 26th [[States and union territories of India|state of India]], formed from sixteen districts of eastern [[Madhya Pradesh]].
*  2000   &ndash; [[Serbia and Montenegro]] joins the [[United Nations]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[Turkey]], [[Australia]], and [[Canada]] agree to commit troops to the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|invasion of Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 October 2013 |title=US War in Afghanistan |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/10/28/world/operation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=CNN}}</ref>
*[[2009]] &ndash; An [[Ilyushin Il-76]] [[2009 Yakutia Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashes]] near the [[Mir mine]] after takeoff from [[Mirny Airport]] in [[Sakha Republic|Yakutia]], killing all 11 aboard.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 November 2009 |title=Russia cargo jet crash kills 11 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8336400.stm |accessdate=27 January 2017 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Mario Draghi]] succeeds [[Jean-Claude Trichet]] and becomes the third president of the [[European Central Bank]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kort |first=Katharina |date=29 September 2009 |title=Super-Mario für die EZB |newspaper=[[Handelsblatt]] |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/konjunktur-nachrichten/super-mario-fuer-die-ezb;2462703 }}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; A fuel tank truck [[List of tanker explosions|crashes and explodes]] in the [[Saudi Arabia]]n capital [[Riyadh]], killing 26 people and injuring 135.
*[[2024]] &ndash; A concrete canopy [[Novi Sad railway station canopy collapse|collapses]] at the [[Novi Sad railway station]], killing 14 people and injuring 3.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fourteen dead in Novi Sad, Serbia railway station canopy collapse |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9wrp7g05xro|date=1 November 2024 |access-date=2 November 2024 |work=BBC News|first1=Mallory|last1=Moench|first2=Guy|last2=Delauney |language=en-GB}}</ref>