Editing November 19 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[461]] &ndash; [[Libius Severus]] is declared emperor of the [[Western Roman Empire]]. The real power is in the hands of the ''magister militum'' [[Ricimer]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Cambridge University Press|title=The Cambridge Ancient History: Late antiquity, empire and successors, A.D. 425–600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3YrAQAAIAAJ|year=2000|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=24|isbn=9780521325912}}</ref>
* [[636]] &ndash; The [[Rashidun Caliphate]] defeats the [[Sasanian Empire]] at the [[Battle of al-Qādisiyyah]] in [[Iraq]].
*[[1493]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] goes ashore on an island called Borinquen he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed again [[Puerto Rico]]).<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Anthony|author-link=Michael Anthony (author)|title=The Golden Quest: The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eALAAAAYAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Macmillan Caribbean|isbn=978-0-333-56868-2|page=80}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1794]] &ndash; The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign [[Jay Treaty|Jay's Treaty]], which attempts to resolve some of the lingering problems left over from the [[American Revolutionary War]].
*[[1802]] &ndash; The [[Garinagu]] arrive at British Honduras (present-day [[Belize]]).
*[[1808]] &ndash; [[Finnish War]]: The Convention of Olkijoki in [[Raahe]] ends hostilities in [[Finland under Swedish rule|Finland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://histdoc.net/history/fr/olkijoki.html|title=Convention 19.11.1808|website=Histdoc.net|access-date=November 18, 2021|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author = Reima T.A. Luoto, Heikki Talvitie & Pekka Visuri | title = Suomen sota 1808–1809. Taustat, tapahtumat, muistomerkit. | year = 2008 | pages = 113, 120 |location = Espoo | publisher = Fenix-kustannus Oy | isbn = 978-951-862-183-9 | language = fi}}</ref>
*[[1816]] &ndash; [[Warsaw University]] is established.<ref>{{cite book|first=William Fiddian|last=Reddaway|author-link=William Reddaway (historian)|title=The Cambridge History of Poland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=As43AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA279|year=1941|publisher=[[CUP Archive]]|pages=279}}</ref>
*[[1847]] &ndash; The second Canadian railway line, the [[Montreal and Lachine Railroad]], is opened.
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] delivers the [[Gettysburg Address]] at the dedication ceremony for the [[Gettysburg National Cemetery|military cemetery]] at [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania]].
*[[1881]] &ndash; A meteorite [[Meteorite fall#Importance|lands]] near the village of Grossliebenthal, southwest of [[Odesa]], Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/loc-268316.html|title=Grossliebenthal meteorite (Odessa meteorite; Cherson meteorite), Odessa Oblast, Ukraine|date=14 October 2019|publisher=mindat.org and the [[Hudson Institute of Mineralogy]]|access-date=18 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[1885]] &ndash; [[Serbo-Bulgarian War]]: Bulgarian victory in the [[Battle of Slivnitsa]] solidifies the unification between the [[Principality of Bulgaria]] and [[Eastern Rumelia]].

===1901–present===
*[[1911]] &ndash; The [[Doom Bar]] in [[Cornwall]] claims two ships, ''Island Maid'' and ''Angele'', the latter killing the entire crew except the captain.
*[[1912]] &ndash; [[First Balkan War]]: The Serbian Army [[Battle of Monastir|captures]] [[Bitola]], ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]].
*[[1916]] &ndash; [[Samuel Goldwyn]] and [[Edgar Selwyn]] establish [[Goldwyn Pictures]].
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Sinking of HMAS Sydney|Battle between HMAS ''Sydney'' and HSK ''Kormoran'']]. The two ships sink each other off the coast of Western Australia, with the loss of 645 Australians and about 77 [[Nazi Germany|German]] seamen.
*[[1942]] &ndash; World War II: [[Battle of Stalingrad]]: [[Soviet Union]] forces under General [[Georgy Zhukov]] launch the [[Operation Uranus]] [[counterattack]]s at [[Stalingrad]], turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor.
*  1942   &ndash; [[Mutesa II of Buganda|Mutesa II]] is crowned the 35th and last [[Kabaka of Buganda|Kabaka]] (king) of [[Buganda]], prior to the restoration of the kingdom in 1993.
*[[1943]] &ndash; Holocaust: [[Nazis]] liquidate [[Janowska concentration camp]] in Lemberg ([[Lviv]]), western Ukraine, murdering at least 6,000 Jews after a failed uprising and mass escape attempt.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: U.S. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] announces the sixth War Loan Drive, aimed at selling US$14&nbsp;billion in [[war bond]]s to help pay for the war effort.
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: Thirty members of the [[German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II#Resistance|Luxembourgish resistance]] defend the town of [[Vianden]] against a larger [[Waffen-SS]] attack in the [[Battle of Vianden]].
*[[1946]] &ndash; [[Afghanistan]], [[Iceland]] and Sweden join the [[United Nations]].
*[[1950]] &ndash; US General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] becomes Supreme Commander of [[NATO|NATO-Europe]].
*[[1952]] &ndash; Greek Field Marshal [[Alexander Papagos]] becomes the 152nd [[List of Prime Ministers of Greece|Prime Minister of Greece]].
*[[1954]] &ndash; [[Télé Monte Carlo]], Europe's oldest private television channel, is launched by Prince [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier III]].
*[[1955]] &ndash; ''[[National Review]]'' publishes its first issue.
*[[1967]] &ndash; The establishment of [[TVB]], the first wireless commercial [[television station]] in Hong Kong.
*[[1969]] &ndash; [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 12]] astronauts [[Pete Conrad]] and [[Alan Bean]] land at ''[[Oceanus Procellarum]]'' (the "Ocean of Storms") and become the third and fourth [[human]]s to walk on the [[Moon]].
*  1969   &ndash; [[Association football]] player [[Pelé]] scores his 1,000th goal.
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[TAP Flight 425|TAP Air Portugal Flight 425]] crashes in the [[Madeira|Madeira Islands]], killing 131.
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Iran hostage crisis]]: [[Iran]]ian leader [[Ayatollah]] [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the [[US Embassy in Tehran]].
*[[1984]] &ndash; [[San Juanico disaster]]: A series of explosions at the [[Pemex]] [[petroleum]] storage facility at San Juan Ixhuatepec in Mexico City starts a major fire and kills about 500 people.
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: In [[Geneva]], U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[Soviet Union]] General Secretary [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] [[Geneva Summit (1985)|meet]] for the first time.
*  1985   &ndash; [[Pennzoil]] wins a US$10.53&nbsp;billion judgment against [[Texaco]], in the [[Pennzoil#Texaco, Inc. v. Pennzoil, Co.|largest civil verdict in the history of the United States]], stemming from Texaco executing a contract to buy [[Getty Oil]] after Pennzoil had entered into an unsigned, yet still binding, buyout contract with Getty.
*  1985   &ndash; Police in [[Baling District|Baling]], Malaysia, [[Memali Incident|lay siege]] to houses occupied by an Islamic sect of about 400 people led by Ibrahim Mahmud.
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Serbia]]n communist representative and future Serbian and [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] president [[Slobodan Milošević]] publicly declares that [[Serbia]] is under attack from [[Albanians|Albanian]] separatists in [[Kosovo]] as well as internal treachery within [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] and a foreign conspiracy to destroy Serbia and Yugoslavia.
*[[1994]] &ndash; In the United Kingdom, the first [[National Lottery (United Kingdom)|National Lottery]] draw is held. A £1 ticket gave a one-in-14-million chance of correctly guessing the winning six out of 49 numbers.
*[[1996]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[Space Shuttle Columbia|''Columbia'']] is launched on [[STS-80]], which would become the longest mission in the program at 17 days.<ref name="Day19">{{cite web |date=December 7, 1996 |title=STS-80 Day 19 Highlights |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-80/sts-80-day-19-highlights.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826175311/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-80/sts-80-day-19-highlights.html |archive-date=August 26, 2009 |access-date=November 14, 2011 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> On this mission, astronaut [[Story Musgrave]] becomes the only astronaut to fly on all five space shuttles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Story Musgrave 6-time Space Shuttle Astronaut simulates Space Flight |url=http://www.spacestory.com/storyf.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930011915/http://www.spacestory.com/storyf.htm |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=November 14, 2011 |publisher=Space Story}}</ref>
*1996   &ndash; A [[Beechcraft 1900]] and a [[Beechcraft King Air]] [[1996 Quincy Airport disaster|collide]] at [[Quincy Regional Airport]] in [[Quincy, Illinois]], killing 14.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Beechcraft 1900C-1 N87GL Quincy Municipal Airport, IL (UIN) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19961119-0 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1997]] &ndash; Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' is launched on [[STS-87]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-11 |title=Dr. Kalpana Chawla, astronaut and aerospace engineer, was the first Indian woman in space |url=https://awis.org/historical-women/dr-kalpana-chawla/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=AWIS |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Clinton–Lewinsky scandal]]: The [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee]] begins [[Impeachment inquiry into Bill Clinton|impeachment hearings into]] U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]].
*[[1999]] &ndash; [[Shenzhou 1]]: The People's Republic of China launches its first [[Shenzhou spacecraft]].
*  1999   &ndash; [[John Carpenter (game show contestant)|John Carpenter]] becomes the first person to win the top prize in the TV game show ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]''<ref name="Gameshow Hall of Fame">{{Cite episode|title=Who Wants to Be a Millionaire|series=Gameshow Hall of Fame|publisher=GSN|date=January 21, 2007}}</ref>
*[[2001]] &ndash; The [[Aviation and Transportation Security Act]] is enacted by the [[107th United States Congress]] in the immediate aftermath of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Act created the [[Transportation Security Administration]] (TSA).<ref>{{cite news |author=ABC News |date=November 17, 2011 |title=TSA Turns 10: Examining the Agency's strengths and weaknesses |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/tsa-turns-10-examining-agencys-strengths-weaknesses/story?id=14977724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125021038/https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/tsa-turns-10-examining-agencys-strengths-weaknesses/story?id=14977724#.Ts75JGHP32c |archive-date=November 25, 2011 |access-date=March 7, 2025 |work=ABC News}}</ref>
*[[2002]] &ndash; The Greek [[oil tanker]] ''[[Prestige (oil tanker)|Prestige]]'' splits in half and sinks off the coast of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], releasing over {{convert|76,000|m3|e6usgal|abbr=unit}} of oil in the [[Prestige oil spill|largest environmental disaster]] in Spanish and Portuguese history.
*[[2004]] &ndash; The [[Pacers–Pistons brawl|worst brawl]] in [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] history results in several players being suspended. Several players and fans are charged with [[assault]] and [[Battery (crime)|battery]].<ref name="abrams20120229">{{cite web|url=http://grantland.com/features/an-oral-history-malice-palace/|title=The Malice at the Palace: An oral history of the scariest moment in NBA history|date=March 20, 2012|work=Grantland|access-date=June 17, 2016|author=Abrams, Jonathan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414002346/http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/7612311/view/full/an-oral-history-malice-pala|archive-date=April 14, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; The first of [[Pike River Mine disaster|four explosions]] takes place at the [[Pike River Mine]] in New Zealand. Twenty-nine people are killed in the nation's worst mining disaster since 1914.<ref>{{cite news|title=More blasts at Pike River mine|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/pike-river-mine-disaster/4399495/More-blasts-at-Pike-River-mine|work=Stuff.co.nz|author=NZPA|access-date=28 November 2010|date=28 November 2010}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; A [[2013 Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut|double suicide bombing]] at the [[List of diplomatic missions of Iran|Iranian embassy]] in [[Beirut]] kills 23 people and injures 160 others.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 November 2013|title=Lebanon blasts hit Iran's embassy in Beirut|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24997876|publisher=BBC News|access-date=19 November 2013}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; [[Colorado Springs nightclub shooting|A gunman kills five and injures 17]] at Club Q, a [[gay bar|gay nightclub]] in [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vera|first1=Amir|last2=McLaughlin|first2=Eliott C.|last3=Alvarado|first3=Caroll|title=A bartender who found a place to shine. A non-profit worker with a 'huge heart.' These are the victims of the Colorado club shooting|work=CNN|date=November 22, 2022|accessdate=November 22, 2022|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/21/us/club-q-colorado-shooting-victims}}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; The [[2023 Cricket World Cup final]] takes place at the [[Narendra Modi Stadium]] in [[Ahmedabad]], [[India]], played between host nation [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=icc |title=Matches {{!}} Men's Cricket World Cup 2023 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/cricketworldcup/matches/228846/india-vs-australia |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=icc |language=en}}</ref>