Editing November 23 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[534 BC]] &ndash; [[Thespis]] of Icaria becomes the first recorded actor to portray a character on stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/23/day-ancient-athenian-performer-invents-theatre-know/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/23/day-ancient-athenian-performer-invents-theatre-know/ |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=On this day: an ancient Athenian performer invents the theatre as we know it|website=The Telegraph|date=23 November 2016|author=Dominic Selwood|access-date=19 December 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*[[1248]] &ndash; [[Siege of Seville|Conquest of Seville]] by Christian troops under King [[Ferdinand III of Castile]].
*[[1499]] &ndash; Seven days after being convicted of treason, [[Perkin Warbeck]], a pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for attempting to escape from the [[Tower of London]]; his supporter [[John Atwater]] is executed with him.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Duncan Mackie|title=The earlier Tudors, 1485-1558|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1952|page=165}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1644]] &ndash; [[John Milton]] publishes ''[[Areopagitica]]'', a pamphlet decrying [[censorship]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Laura Lunger Knoppers|title=The Oxford Handbook of Literature and the English Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jTRQSJTIrsMC&pg=PA202|date=29 November 2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-956060-8|pages=202}}</ref>
*[[1733]] &ndash; The start of the [[1733 slave insurrection on St. John]] in what was then the [[Danish West Indies]].
*[[1808]] &ndash; French and Poles defeat the Spanish at [[Battle of Tudela]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Third Battle of Chattanooga|Battle of Chattanooga]] begins: [[United States|Union]] forces led by General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] reinforce troops at [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]], and counter-attack [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] troops.<ref>{{cite book|author=Society of the Army of the Cumberland. Reunion|title=Reunion of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LdZBAQAAMAAJ|year=1923|publisher=Robert Clarke|page=65}}</ref>
*[[1867]] &ndash; The [[Manchester Martyrs]] are hanged in [[Manchester]], England, for killing a police officer while freeing two [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]] members from custody.<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Bernard Rose|title=The Manchester martyrs: the story of a Fenian tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PLFnAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Lawrence & Wishart|page=132|isbn=978-0-85315-209-5}}</ref>
*[[1876]] &ndash; Corrupt [[Tammany Hall]] leader William Magear Tweed (better known as [[William M. Tweed|Boss Tweed]]) is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain.
*[[1890]] &ndash; King [[William III of the Netherlands]] dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Princess Wilhelmina]] to succeed him.

===1901–present===
*[[1910]] &ndash; [[Johan Alfred Ander]] becomes the last person [[Capital punishment in Sweden|to be executed in Sweden]].
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: The last of U.S. forces withdraw from [[United States occupation of Veracruz|Veracruz]], occupied seven months earlier in response to the [[Tampico Affair]].
*[[1921]] &ndash; [[Warren G. Harding]], 29th [[President of the United States]], signs the [[Willis–Campbell Act]] into law, prohibiting doctors from prescribing beer or liquor for medicinal purposes.<ref>President Harding signed “anti-beer bill” [https://www.jurist.org/thisday/2009/11/23/president-harding-signed-anti-beer-bill/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123200104/https://www.jurist.org/thisday/2009/11/23/president-harding-signed-anti-beer-bill/|date=2022-11-23}}</ref>
*[[1923]] &ndash; The [[1923 Irish hunger strikes]] ends, four [[Irish republicanism|Irish Republicans]] die from starvation.<ref>Deasy, Liam (1998), ''Brother Against Brother'', Mercier Press, Cork pg 86.</ref>
*[[1924]] &ndash; [[Edwin Hubble]]'s discovery, that the [[Andromeda Galaxy|Andromeda "nebula"]] is actually another [[galaxy|island galaxy]] far outside our own [[Milky Way]], is first published in ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Alexander S. Sharov|author2=Igor D. Novikov|author3=Igor Dmitrievitch Novikov|title=Edwin Hubble, The Discoverer of the Big Bang Universe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttEwkEdPc70C&pg=PA34|date=14 October 1993|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-41617-7|pages=34|access-date=23 November 2020|archive-date=13 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313184423/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttEwkEdPc70C&pg=PA34#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1934]] &ndash; An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the [[Ogaden]] discovers an Italian garrison at [[Walwal]], well within [[Ethiopia]]n territory. This leads to the [[Abyssinia Crisis]].
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: {{HMS|Rawalpindi}} is sunk by the German [[battleship]]s {{ship|German battleship|Scharnhorst||2}} and {{ship|German battleship|Gneisenau||2}}.
*[[1940]] &ndash; World War II: [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] becomes a signatory of the [[Tripartite Pact]], officially joining the [[Axis powers#Romania|Axis powers]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Deutsche Opernhaus]] on Bismarckstraße in the Berlin neighborhood of [[Charlottenburg]] is destroyed. It will eventually be rebuilt in [[1961]] and be called the [[Deutsche Oper Berlin]].
*  1943   &ndash; World War II: [[Tarawa]] and [[Makin Atoll|Makin]] [[atolls]] fall to American forces.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Lotta Svärd|Lotta Svärd Movement]] is disbanded under the terms of the [[Moscow Armistice|armistice treaty]] in [[Finland]] after the [[Continuation War]].<ref>Jukka Paakki: ''Arto Salomaa: Mathematician, Computer Scientist, and Teacher: A Thematic Biography'', p. 14. (2019)</ref>
*[[1946]] &ndash; French naval bombardment of [[Hai Phong]], [[Vietnam]], kills thousands of civilians.
*[[1955]] &ndash; The [[Cocos Islands]] are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to that of Australia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2015-07-27_114114.html | title=Handover of Cocos (Keeling) Islands to Australia | date=27 July 2015 | website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg | publisher=Singapore Government Agency | access-date=2020-07-23 | archive-date=2023-05-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523015148/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2015-07-27_114114.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1959]] &ndash; [[President of France|French President]] [[Charles de Gaulle]] declares in a speech in [[Strasbourg]] his vision for "[[European integration|Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals]]".
*[[1963]] &ndash; The first episode of ''[[Doctor Who]]'' (''[[An Unearthly Child]]'') is broadcast by the BBC, which is now the world's longest running science fiction drama.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/anniversaries/november/doctor-who-first-episode | title=Doctor Who first episode 23 November 1963 | publisher=[[BBC]] | access-date=17 April 2020 | archive-date=16 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616144358/https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/anniversaries/november/doctor-who-first-episode | url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1971]] &ndash; Representatives of the People's Republic of China [[China and the United Nations|attend]] the [[United Nations]], including the [[United Nations Security Council]], for the first time.
*[[1972]] &ndash; The Soviet Union makes its final attempt at launching the [[N1 (rocket)|N1 rocket]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Colin Burgess|title=Footprints in the Dust: The Epic Voyages of Apollo, 1969–1975|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1gsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|date=June 2010|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-2665-4|pages=71}}</ref>
*[[1974]] &ndash; Sixty Ethiopian politicians, aristocrats, military officers, and other persons are [[Massacre of the Sixty|executed by the provisional military government]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John H. Spencer|title=Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5q7NV-vSPwC&pg=PA342|date=July 2006|publisher=Tsehai Publishers|isbn=978-1-59907-000-1|pages=342}}</ref>
*[[1976]] &ndash; [[Jacques Mayol]] is the first man to reach a depth of {{cvt|100|m}} undersea without breathing equipment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pushing the boundaries of human achievement |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20191010-pushing-the-boundaries-of-human-achievement |website=France 24 |date=10 October 2019 |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122191653/https://www.france24.com/en/20191010-pushing-the-boundaries-of-human-achievement |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1978]] &ndash; [[1978 Sri Lanka cyclone|Cyclone]] kills about 1,000 people in eastern Sri Lanka.
*  1978   &ndash; The [[Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975]] goes into effect, realigning many of Europe's [[longwave]] and [[mediumwave]] broadcasting frequencies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ancom.ro/uploads/links_files/Legis_conf_reg_geneva_1975.pdf | title=Final Acts of the Regional Administrative LF/MF Broadcasting Conference (Regions 1 and 3) | year=1975 | publisher=International Telecommunication Union | website=Autoritatea Naţională pentru Administrare şi Reglementare în Comunicaţii (ANCOM) | access-date=2020-04-17 | archive-date=2020-09-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913134647/https://www.ancom.ro/uploads/links_files/Legis_conf_reg_geneva_1975.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1980]] &ndash; The 6.9 {{M|w}} [[1980 Irpinia earthquake|Irpinia earthquake]] shakes southern Italy with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of X (''Extreme''), killing 2,483–4,900, and injuring 7,700–8,934.
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Iran–Contra affair]]: [[Ronald Reagan]] signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] the authority to recruit and support [[Contras|Contra]] rebels in [[Nicaragua]].
*[[1985]] &ndash; Gunmen [[Aircraft hijacking|hijack]] [[EgyptAir Flight 648]] en route from [[Athens]] to [[Cairo]]. When the plane lands in [[Malta]], [[Egypt]]ian commandos storm the aircraft, but 60 people die in the raid.
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Queen (band)|Queen]] lead singer [[Freddie Mercury]] announces in a statement that he is HIV-positive. He dies the following day.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bret |first=David |year=1996 |title=Living On the Edge: The Freddie Mercury Story  |publisher= Robson Books |location=London |isbn=978-1-86105-256-8 |page=179}}</ref>
*[[1992]] &ndash; The first smartphone, the [[IBM Simon]], is introduced at [[COMDEX]] in [[Las Vegas, Nevada]].
*[[1996]] &ndash; [[Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961]] is hijacked, then crashes into the Indian Ocean off the coast of [[Comoros]] after running out of fuel, killing 125.
*[[2001]] &ndash; The [[Budapest Convention on Cybercrime]] is signed in [[Budapest]], Hungary.
*[[2002]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'']] launches on [[STS-113]] to the [[International Space Station]] carrying the [[Expedition 6]] crew and the [[Integrated Truss Structure|P1 truss]].<ref>{{cite news |date=10 November 2002 |title=Shuttle fueling begins |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/STS-113_Archive.txt |access-date=30 August 2009 |work=CBS News}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Rose Revolution]]: [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] president [[Eduard Shevardnadze]] resigns following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.
*[[2004]] &ndash; The [[Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi]], the largest religious building in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], is consecrated.
*[[2005]] &ndash; [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] is [[Liberian general election, 2005|elected]] [[president of Liberia]] and becomes the first woman to lead an African country.
*[[2006]] &ndash; A [[23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings|series of bombings]] kills at least 215 people and injures 257 others in [[Sadr City]], making it the second deadliest sectarian attack since the beginning of the Iraq War in 2003.
*[[2007]] &ndash; {{MS|Explorer|1969|6}}, a cruise liner carrying 154 people, sinks in the Antarctic Ocean south of [[Argentina]] after hitting an [[iceberg]] near the [[South Shetland Islands]]. There are no fatalities.
*[[2009]] &ndash; The [[Maguindanao massacre]] occurs in [[Ampatuan, Maguindanao]], Philippines; 58 opponents of [[Andal Ampatuan Jr.]] are kidnapped and killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/specialreports/177821/the-ampatuan-massacre-a-map-and-timeline/story|title=The Ampatuan Massacre: a map and timeline|author=Analyn Perez|work=GMA News|date=November 25, 2009|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=February 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215235458/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/177821/news/specialreports/the-ampatuan-massacre-a-map-and-timeline|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; [[2010 Yeonpyeong bombardment|Bombardment of Yeonpyeong]]: North Korean artillery attack kills two civilians and two marines on Yeonpyeong Island, South Korea.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/11/23/nkorea.skorea.military.fire/index.html?hpt=T1&iref=BN1 |title= Report: N. Korea fires on S. Korea, injuring at least 17 |publisher= CNN |date= 23 November 2010 |access-date= 2010-11-23 |archive-date= 2012-11-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121101061300/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/11/23/nkorea.skorea.military.fire/index.html?hpt=T1&iref=BN1 |url-status= live }}</ref>
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Arab Spring]]: After 11 months of [[Yemeni revolution|protests in Yemen]], Yemeni president [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]] signs a deal to transfer power to the vice president, in exchange for legal immunity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/23/yemen-president-quits?intcmp=239|title=Yemen president quits after deal in Saudi Arabia|date=November 23, 2011|author=Tom Finn|website=The Guardian|access-date=January 15, 2021|archive-date=March 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330101754/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/23/yemen-president-quits?intcmp=239|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2015]] &ndash; [[Blue Origin]]'s [[New Shepard]] space vehicle became the first rocket to successfully fly to space and then return to Earth for a controlled, vertical landing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Blue Origin Makes Historic Rocket Landing |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/news/blue-origin-makes-historic-rocket-landing |access-date=24 November 2015 |work=Blue Origin |date=24 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125051400/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/news/blue-origin-makes-historic-rocket-landing |archive-date=25 November 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
*[[2018]] &ndash; Founders of Italian fashion brand [[Dolce & Gabbana]] issue an apology following a series of offensive advertisements on social media promoting a fashion show in Shanghai, China, which was canceled.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dolce & Gabbana founders make video apology after racism accusations|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/dolce-gabbana-founders-make-video-apology-china-after-racism-accusations-n939461|access-date=2021-11-23|website=NBC News|date=23 November 2018|language=en|archive-date=2018-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124044835/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/dolce-gabbana-founders-make-video-apology-china-after-racism-accusations-n939461|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2019]] &ndash; The last [[Sumatran rhinoceros]] in Malaysia, Imam, dies, making the species officially extinct in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaysia's last Sumatran rhino Iman dies, making the species now extinct in the country|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/11/23/malaysia039s-last-sumatran-rhino-iman-dies-species-now-extinct-in-the-country|access-date=2021-11-23|website=The Star|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327095309/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/11/23/malaysia039s-last-sumatran-rhino-iman-dies-species-now-extinct-in-the-country|url-status=live}}</ref>