Editing November 25 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[571 BC]] &ndash; [[Servius Tullius]], king of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], celebrates the first of his three [[Roman triumph|triumphs]] for his victory over the [[Etruscans]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=James H. Richardson|author2=Federico Santangelo|title=The Roman Historical Tradition: Regal and Republican Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWUJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA101|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-965785-8|pages=101}}</ref>
*[[1034]] &ndash; [[Máel Coluim II of Scotland|Máel Coluim mac Cináeda]], [[King of Scots]], dies. His grandson, [[Donnchad I of Scotland|Donnchad]], son of [[Bethóc]] and [[Crínán of Dunkeld]], inherits the throne.
*[[1120]] &ndash; The ''[[White Ship]]'' sinks in the [[English Channel]], drowning [[William Adelin]], son and heir of [[Henry I of England]].<ref>There are seven accounts of the disaster: [[Orderic Vitalis]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'' 12.26 (ed. and trans. Chibnall, 1978, pp. 294–307); [[William of Malmesbury]], ''Gesta regum Anglorum'' 5.419 (ed. and trans. Mynors, Thomson, and Winterbottom, 1998, pp. 758–763); [[Simeon of Durham]], ''Historia regum'' 100.199 (ed. T. Arnold, 1885, vol. 2, pp. 258–9); [[Eadmer]], ''Historia nouorum in Anglia'' (ed. M. Rule, 1884, pp. 288–9), [[Henry of Huntingdon]], ''Historia Anglorum'' 7.32 (ed. and trans. Greenway, 1996, pp. 466–7), [[Hugh the Chanter]], ''History of the Church at York'' (ed. and trans. Johnson, 1990, pp. 164–5), [[Robert of Torigni]], ''Gesta Normannorum ducum'' (ed. and trans. E. van Houts, 1995, vol. 2, pp. 216–19, 246–51, 274–7), and [[Wace]], ''Roman de Rou'', pt. iii, lines 10173–262 (ed. A. Holden, 1973, vol. 2, pp. 262–6).</ref>
*[[1177]] &ndash; [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem]] and [[Raynald of Châtillon]] defeat [[Saladin]] at the [[Battle of Montgisard]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Jim Bradbury|title=The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FRsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA189|date=2 August 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-59847-2|pages=189}}</ref>
*[[1343]] &ndash; A [[tsunami]], caused by an [[Earthquake of 1343|earthquake]] in the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]], devastates [[Naples]] and the [[Amalfi|Maritime Republic of Amalfi]], among other places.
*[[1400]] &ndash; King [[Minkhaung I]] becomes king of [[Kingdom of Ava|Ava]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Than Tun | author-link=Than Tun | title=History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400 | journal=Journal of Burma Research Society | date=December 1959 | volume=XLII | number=II | page=128}}</ref>
*[[1487]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth of York]] is crowned [[list of English consorts|Queen of England]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Retha M. Warnicke|title=Elizabeth of York and Her Six Daughters-in-Law: Fashioning Tudor Queenship, 1485–1547|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vYM0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38|date=5 September 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-56381-7|pages=38–}}</ref>
*[[1491]] &ndash; The [[siege of Granada]], the last [[Moors|Moorish]] stronghold in Spain, ends with the [[Treaty of Granada]].
*[[1510]] &ndash; [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]]: Portuguese naval forces under the command of [[Afonso de Albuquerque]], and local mercenaries working for privateer [[Timoji]], seize Goa from the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]], resulting in 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule.
*[[1596]] &ndash; The [[Cudgel War]] begins in Finland (at the time part of Sweden), when [[peasant]]s rebel against the imposition of taxes by the nobility.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaakkoilkka.fi/Jaakko%20Ilkka%20-%20Rebellion%20.htm|title=Jaakko Ilkka's biography|access-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605075454/http://www.jaakkoilkka.fi/Jaakko%20Ilkka%20-%20Rebellion%20.htm|archive-date=5 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1667]] &ndash; A deadly [[1667 Shamakhi earthquake|earthquake]] rocks [[Shemakha]] in the [[Caucasus]], killing 80,000 people.
*[[1678]] &ndash; [[Trunajaya rebellion]]: After a long and logistically challenging march, the allied [[Mataram Sultanate|Mataram]] and [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch]] troops [[Kediri campaign (1678)|successfully assaulted]] the rebel stronghold of Kediri.
*[[1755]] &ndash; King [[Ferdinand VI of Spain]] grants royal protection to the Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus, now known as the Congregation of the [[Religious of the Virgin Mary]].
*[[1758]] &ndash; [[French and Indian War]]: British forces capture [[Fort Duquesne]] from French control. Later, [[Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)|Fort Pitt]] will be built nearby and grow into modern [[Pittsburgh]].
*[[1759]] &ndash; An [[Near East earthquakes of 1759|earthquake]] hits the Mediterranean destroying [[Beirut]] and [[Damascus]] and killing 30,000–40,000.
*[[1783]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: The last British troops [[Evacuation Day (New York)|leave New York City]] three months after the signing of the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]].
*[[1795]] &ndash; [[Partitions of Poland]]: [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]], the last king of independent Poland, is forced to [[abdication|abdicate]] and is exiled to Russia.
*[[1826]] &ndash; The [[Greek frigate Hellas|Greek frigate ''Hellas'']] arrives in [[Nafplion]] to become the first [[flagship]] of the [[Hellenic Navy]].
*[[1833]] &ndash; A massive undersea [[1833 Sumatra earthquake|earthquake]], estimated magnitude between 8.7 and 9.2, rocks [[Sumatra]], producing a massive [[tsunami]] all along the Indonesian coast.
*[[1839]] &ndash; A [[1839 Coringa cyclone|cyclone]] slams into south-eastern India.  An estimated 300,000 deaths resulted from the disaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elhassan |first=Khalid |date=2017-10-10 |title=Hell on Earth: 12 of History's Most Destructive Natural Disasters |url=https://historycollection.com/12-historys-remarkable-natural-disasters/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=History Collection |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Missionary Ridge]]: [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] forces led by General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] break the [[Siege of Chattanooga]] by routing [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] troops under General [[Braxton Bragg]] at [[Missionary Ridge]] in [[Tennessee]].
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the [[Confederate Army of Manhattan]] starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.
*[[1874]] &ndash; The United States [[Greenback Party]] is established as a [[political party]] consisting primarily of farmers affected by the [[Panic of 1873]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. President|title=A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1902|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsdJAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA172|year=1903|publisher=Bureau of National Literature and Art|pages=172}}</ref>
*[[1876]] &ndash; [[American Indian Wars]]: In retaliation for the American defeat at the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]], [[United States Army]] troops [[Dull Knife Fight|sack the sleeping village]] of [[Cheyenne]] [[Chief Dull Knife]] at the headwaters of the [[Powder River (Montana)|Powder River]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Jerome A. Greene|title=Battles and Skirmishes of the Great Sioux War, 1876-1877: The Military View|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wjGYYrVYSkMC&pg=PA167|year=1996|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-2669-2|pages=167}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1905]] &ndash; Prince Carl of Denmark arrives in Norway to become [[Haakon VII of Norway|King Haakon VII of Norway]].<ref>{{cite book|author=M. Epstein|title=The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1938|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8IzLDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1189|date=26 December 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-27067-1|pages=1189}}</ref>
*[[1908]] &ndash; A fire breaks out on {{SS|Sardinia|1888|6}} as it leaves Malta's [[Grand Harbour]], resulting in the ship's grounding and the deaths of at least 118 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulf of Corcovado |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/gulfofcorcovado1888.html |website=Tyne Built Ships |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708121648/http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/gulfofcorcovado1888.html |archive-date=8 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1912]] &ndash; ''[[Românul de la Pind]]'', the longest-running newspaper by and about [[Aromanians]] until [[World War II]], ceases its publications.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iiTDwAAQBAJ|title=Istoria jurnalismului din România în date: enciclopedie cronologică|first=Marian|last=Petcu|publisher=Elefant Online|year=2016|language=ro|isbn=9789734638543}}</ref>
*[[1915]] &ndash; [[Albert Einstein]] presents the [[Einstein field equations|field equations]] of [[Introduction to general relativity|general relativity]] to the [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]].
*[[1917]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: German forces [[Battle of Ngomano|defeat]] Portuguese army of about 1,200 at [[Negomano]] on the border of modern-day [[Mozambique]] and [[Tanzania]].
*[[1918]] &ndash; [[Vojvodina]], formerly [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] crown land, proclaims its secession from Austria-Hungary to join the [[Kingdom of Serbia]].
*[[1926]] &ndash; The deadliest November [[List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks|tornado outbreak]] in U.S. history kills 76 people and injures more than 400.
*[[1936]] &ndash; In [[Berlin]], [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] and Japan sign the [[Anti-Comintern Pact]], agreeing to consult on measures "to safeguard their common interests" in the case of an unprovoked attack by the [[Soviet Union]] against either nation.
*[[1941]] &ndash; {{HMS|Barham|04|6}} is sunk by a German torpedo during [[World War II]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: Statehood of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] is re-established at the [[State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]].
*[[1947]] &ndash; [[Second Red Scare|Red Scare]]: The "[[Hollywood Ten]]" are [[blacklisted]] by [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood movie studio]]s.
*  1947   &ndash; New Zealand ratifies the [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the United Kingdom.
*[[1950]] &ndash; The [[Great Appalachian Storm of 1950]] impacts 22 American states, killing 353 people, injuring over 160, and causing US$66.7&nbsp;million in damages (1950 dollars).
*[[1952]] &ndash; [[Agatha Christie]]'s murder-mystery play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'' opens at the [[Ambassadors Theatre (London)|Ambassadors Theatre]] in London's West End after a premiere in Nottingham, UK.  It will become the [[List of the longest-running West End shows|longest continuously running play]] in history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-mousetrap.co.uk |title=Mousetrap website |publisher=The-mousetrap.co.uk |access-date=18 June 2017}}</ref>
*  1952   &ndash; [[Korean War]]: After 42 days of fighting, the [[Battle of Triangle Hill]] ends in a Chinese victory. American and South Korean units abandon their attempt to capture the "[[Iron Triangle (Korea)|Iron Triangle]]".<ref>{{citation| title = A History of Modern Wars of Attrition | first = Carter | last  = Malkasian | year = 2002 | publisher = Praeger Publishers | location  = Westport, CT | isbn = 0-275-97379-4 | page=174 }}</ref>
*[[1958]] &ndash; [[French Sudan]] gains [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomy]] as a self-governing member of the [[French Community]].
*[[1960]] &ndash; The [[Mirabal sisters]] of the [[Dominican Republic]] are assassinated.
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[State funeral of John F. Kennedy]]; after lying in state at the [[United States Capitol]], a Requiem Mass takes place at [[Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle (Washington, D.C.)|Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle]] and the President is buried at [[Arlington National Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kennedy Laid to Rest in Arlington|date=November 26, 1963|first=Tom|last=Wicker|newspaper=The New York Times|page=1|author-link=Tom Wicker}}</ref>
*[[1968]] &ndash; The [[Old Student House, Helsinki|Old Student House]] in [[Helsinki, Finland]] is [[Takeover of Vanha|occupied]] by a large group of [[University of Helsinki]] students.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jantunen |first=Jyrki |author2=Nikkilä-Kiipula, Eeva  |date=2008-11-23|title=Hullu vuosi 1968: "Vallankumous jäi Suomessa näytökseksi"|journal=Suomen Kuvalehti|url=http://suomenkuvalehti.fi/jutut/kotimaa/hullu-vuosi-1968-vallankumous-jai-suomessa-naytokseksi|accessdate=2021-11-25|language=Finnish}}</ref>
*[[1970]] &ndash; In Japan, author [[Yukio Mishima]] and one compatriot commit ritualistic [[seppuku]] after an unsuccessful coup attempt.
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Georgios Papadopoulos]], head of the military [[Greek junta|Regime of the Colonels]] in Greece, is ousted in a hardliners' coup led by Brigadier General [[Dimitrios Ioannidis]].
*[[1975]] &ndash; [[Coup of 25 November 1975]], a failed military ''[[coup d'état]]'' by Portuguese far-left activists seeking to hijack the  [[Portuguese transition to democracy]] to establishment a [[Communism|communist]] regime.<ref>{{Cite web |title=25 de Novembro, uma tentativa de golpe falhada |url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/25-de-novembro-uma-tentativa-de-golpe-falhada/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=RTP Ensina |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toda a história do 25 de Novembro, a "dramática aventura" que ditou o fim da Revolução |url=https://expresso.pt/politica/2019-11-24-Toda-a-historia-do-25-de-Novembro-a-dramatica-aventura-que-ditou-o-fim-da-Revolucao-1 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Jornal Expresso |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
*1975 &ndash; [[Suriname]] gains independence from the Netherlands.
*[[1977]] &ndash; Former Senator [[Benigno Aquino Jr.]], is found guilty by the Philippine [[Military justice|Military Commission No. 2]] and is sentenced to death by [[Execution by firing squad|firing squad]]. He is later assassinated in 1983.
*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Sangoulé Lamizana]], president of Upper Volta, is ousted from power in a [[1980 Upper Voltan coup d'état|coup d'état]] led by Colonel [[Saye Zerbo]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kandeh|first=Jimmy D. |date=2004|title=Coups from Below: Armed Subalterns and State Power in West Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/coupsfrombelowar00kand|url-access=limited|location=[[Basingstoke]]|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|page=122|isbn=140-397-877-8}}</ref>
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Pope John Paul II]] appoints Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (the future [[Pope Benedict XVI]]) [[Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith|Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]].
*[[1984]] &ndash; Thirty-six top musicians gather in a [[Notting Hill]] studio and record [[Band Aid (band)|Band Aid]]'s "[[Do They Know It's Christmas?]]" in order to raise money for [[famine relief]] in [[Ethiopia]].
*[[1985]] &ndash; A [[Soviet Air Forces|Soviet Air Force]] [[Antonov An-12]] is [[1985 Aeroflot Antonov An-12 shoot-down|shot down]] near [[Menongue]] in Angola's [[Cuando Cubango Province]], killing 21.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Frederic P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QqNeXwAACAAJ |title=1985 "Aeroflot" Antonov An-12 Crash |last2=Vandome |first2=Agnes F. |last3=McBrewster |first3=John |date=23 August 2011 |publisher=International Book Marketing Service Limited |isbn=9786136761985 |language=English |accessdate=26 January 2023}}</ref>
*[[1986]] &ndash; [[Iran–Contra affair]]: U.S. Attorney General [[Edwin Meese]] announces that profits from covert weapons sales to [[Iran]] were illegally diverted to the anti-communist [[Contras|Contra]] rebels in [[Nicaragua]].
*  1986   &ndash; The [[King Fahd Causeway]] is officially opened in the [[Persian Gulf]].
*[[1987]] &ndash; [[Typhoon Nina (1987)|Typhoon Nina]] pummels the [[Philippines]] with [[Saffir–Simpson scale|category 5 winds]] of {{convert|165|mph|km/h|order=flip|round=5|abbr=on}} and a surge that destroys entire villages. At least 1,036 deaths are attributed to the storm.
*[[1992]] &ndash; The [[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia]] votes to split the country into the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]], with effect from January 1, 1993.
*[[1999]] &ndash; A five-year-old Cuban boy, [[Elián González]], is rescued by fishermen while floating in an inner tube off the Florida coast. 
*[[2000]] &ndash; The [[2000 Baku earthquake]], with a Richter magnitude of 7.0, leaves 26 people dead in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]], and becomes the strongest earthquake in the region in 158 years.
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Cyclone Nisha (2008)|Cyclone Nisha]] strikes northern [[Sri Lanka]], killing 15 people and displacing 90,000 others while dealing the region the highest rainfall in nine decades.
*[[2009]] &ndash; [[2009 Jeddah floods|Jeddah floods]]: Freak rains swamp the city of [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]], during an ongoing Hajj pilgrimage. Three thousand cars are swept away and 122 people perish in the torrents, with 350 others missing.