Editing November 9 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[694]] &ndash; At the [[Seventeenth Council of Toledo]], [[Egica]], a king of the [[Visigoths]] of [[Hispania]], accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to [[slavery]].
*[[1180]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Fujigawa]]: Minamoto forces (30,000 men) under [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] defeat [[Taira no Koremori]] during a night attack near the Fuji River but he escapes safely with the routed army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |year= 2013 |title=The Samurai |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315073262 |doi=10.4324/9781315073262 |isbn=978-1-134-24362-4 |at=200}}</ref><ref>Turnbull, Stephen (1977). ''The Samurai, A Military History''. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 53. {{ISBN|0026205408}}.</ref>
*[[1277]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Aberconwy]], a humiliating settlement forced on [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]] by King [[Edward I of England]], brings a temporary end to the Welsh Wars.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Pierre Chaplais|author2=Michael Jones|author3=Malcolm Vale|title=England and Her Neighbours, 1066-1453: Essays in Honour of Pierre Chaplais|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4itAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA136|date=1989|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-85285-014-2|page=136}}</ref>
*[[1307]] &ndash; [[Knights Templar]] officer [[Hugues de Pairaud]] is forced to confess during the [[Trials of the Knights Templar]]. He was persecuted on the charges of false idolism and sodomy.<ref>Malcolm Barber, ''The new knighthood: a history of the Order of the Temple'' (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1998) p. 258</ref>
*[[1313]] &ndash; [[Louis the Bavarian]] defeats his cousin [[Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg)|Frederick I of Austria]] at the [[Battle of Gammelsdorf]]. 
*[[1323]] &ndash; [[Siege of Warangal (1323)|Siege of Warangal]]: [[Prataparudra]] surrenders to [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]], officially marking the end of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]].<ref>Richard M. Eaton (2005). ''A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761'', p. 21. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521254847}}.</ref>
*[[1330]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Posada]], [[Basarab I of Wallachia]] defeats the Hungarian army of [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I Robert]].
*[[1372]] &ndash; [[Trần Duệ Tông]] succeeds his brother [[Trần Nghệ Tông]] as King of [[Vietnam]].<ref>Ngô, Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House</ref>
*[[1431]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Ilava]]: The Hungarians defeat the [[Hussite]] army.<ref>Hungarian catholic lexikon (2007) http://lexikon.katolikus.hu/I/illavai%20%C3%BCtk%C3%B6zet.html Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref><ref>Sirotčí výpravy na Slovensko (23-02-2003) https://www.valka.cz/818-Sirotci-vypravy-na-Slovensko Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref>
*[[1456]] &ndash; [[Ulrich II, Count of Celje]], last ruler of the [[County of Cilli]], is assassinated in [[Belgrade]].
*[[1520]] &ndash; More than 50 people are sentenced and executed in the [[Stockholm Bloodbath]].
*[[1580]] &ndash; [[Second Desmond Rebellion]]: The [[Siege of Smerwick]] ends with the Catholic garrison surrendering to the English forces under [[Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton|Arthur Grey]]. The majority of the garrison is massacred the next day.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wallace |first1=Willard Mosher |title=Sir Walter Raleigh |date=8 December 2015 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-7900-7 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eUrWCgAAQBAJ |access-date=11 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bagwell |first1=Richard |title=Ireland under the Tudors: Volume 3 |date=22 July 2020 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-7523-4923-8 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZryDwAAQBAJ |access-date=11 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1620]] &ndash; The Bohemian King Frederick I flees Prague to Wroclaw one day after the defeat of his troops in the [[Battle of White Mountain]].<ref>Consequences of Czech Defeat, U.S. Library of Congress</ref>
*[[1688]] &ndash; [[Glorious Revolution]]: [[William III of England|William of Orange]] captures [[Exeter]].
*[[1719]] &ndash; In [[Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)#Treaty with Hanover|a treaty between Sweden and Hanover]] at the close of the [[Great Northern War]], Sweden cedes the  [[Bremen-Verden|Duchies of Bremen and Verden]] (in northern Germany) to Hanover.<ref>Heitz, Gerhard; Rischer, Henning (1995). Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (in German). Münster-Berlin: Koehler & Amelang. p. 244. {{ISBN|3-7338-0195-4}}.</ref>
*[[1720]] &ndash; The synagogue of [[Judah HeHasid (Jerusalem)|Judah HeHasid]] is burned down by Arab creditors, leading to the expulsion of the [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazim]] from [[Jerusalem]].
*[[1729]] &ndash; Spain, France and Great Britain sign the [[Treaty of Seville (1729)|Treaty of Seville]].
*[[1780]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: In the [[Battle of Fishdam Ford]] a force of British and Loyalist troops fail in a surprise attack against the [[South Carolina]] Patriot militia under Brigadier General [[Thomas Sumter]].
*[[1791]] &ndash; The Dublin [[Society of United Irishmen]] is founded.
*[[1799]] &ndash; Napoleon Bonaparte leads the [[Coup of 18 Brumaire]] ending the Directory government, and becoming First Consul of the successor Consulate Government.
*[[1851]] &ndash; [[Kentucky]] marshals abduct abolitionist minister [[Calvin Fairbank]] from [[Jeffersonville, Indiana]], and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape.
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[United States|Union]] General [[Ambrose Burnside]] assumes command of the [[Army of the Potomac]], after [[George B. McClellan]] is removed.
*[[1867]] &ndash; The [[Tokugawa shogunate]] hands back power to the [[Emperor of Japan]], starting the [[Meiji Restoration]].
*[[1870]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Coulmiers]] ends in a Pyrrhic victory for the French army during the Franco-German War of 1870.<ref>Colonel Rousset, ''Histoire générale de la Guerre franco-allemande'', tome 2, édition Jules Tallandier, Paris.</ref>
*[[1872]] &ndash; The [[Great Boston Fire of 1872]].
*[[1880]] &ndash; A [[1880 Zagreb earthquake|major earthquake]] strikes [[Zagreb]] and destroys many buildings, including [[Zagreb Cathedral]].<ref>Damjanovic, Dragan. "Photo Albums of the 1880 Zagreb Earthquake". ''VisibileInvisibile. Percepire la Città Tra Descrizioni e Omissioni. VI. Città Immaginate: Sguardi Sulla Città Contemporanea, Pages 1833 – 1845''.</ref><ref>Stahuljak, Višnja (2009). ''Potres'' [''Earthquake'']. Zagreb: Naklada Ljevak. {{ISBN|978-953-303-076-0}}.</ref>
*[[1881]] &ndash; [[Mapuche uprising of 1881|Mapuche rebels]] attack the fortified Chilean settlement of [[Temuco]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bengoa |first=José |author-link=José Bengoa |title=Historia del pueblo mapuche: Siglos XIX y XX |year=2000 |edition=7th |publisher=[[LOM Ediciones]] |isbn=956-282-232-X |page=313}}</ref> 
*[[1887]] &ndash; The United States receives rights to [[Pearl Harbor]], Hawaii.
*[[1888]] &ndash; [[Jack the Ripper]] murders [[Mary Jane Kelly]], his final victim in the [[Whitechapel murders]].<ref>Eddleston, ''Jack the Ripper: An Encyclopedia'' p. 19 {{ISBN?}}</ref>
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Russian invasion of Manchuria]]: [[Russia]] completes its occupation of [[Manchuria]] with 100,000 troops.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1987|page=21|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1901]] &ndash; Prince George, [[Duke of Cornwall]] (later [[George V]] of the United Kingdom), becomes [[Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]].<ref>No. 27375", The London Gazette, 9 November 1901, p. 7289</ref><ref>
Previous Princes of Wales, Household of HRH The Prince of Wales, archived from the original on 19 April 2020, retrieved 17 November 2023</ref>
*[[1905]] &ndash; The Province of [[Alberta]], Canada, holds its [[1905 Alberta general election|first general election]].<ref>Office of the Chief Electoral Officer; Legislative Assembly Office (2006). A Century of Democracy: Elections of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, 1905–2005 The Centennial Series. Edmonton, AB: Legislative Assembly of Alberta, p. 7. {{ISBN|0-9689217-8-7}}. Retrieved December 5, 2023</ref>
*[[1906]] &ndash; [[Theodore Roosevelt]] is the first sitting President of the United States to make an [[List of international trips made by the President of the United States#Theodore Roosevelt|official trip outside the country]], doing so to inspect progress on the [[Panama Canal]].
*[[1907]] &ndash; The [[Cullinan Diamond]] is presented to King [[Edward VII]] on his birthday.
*[[1913]] &ndash; The [[Great Lakes Storm of 1913]], the most destructive natural disaster ever to hit the lakes, reaches its greatest intensity after beginning two days earlier. The storm destroys 19 ships and kills more than 250 people.
*[[1914]] &ndash; {{Ship|SMS|Emden||6}} is sunk by {{HMAS|Sydney|1912|6}} in the [[Battle of Cocos]].
*[[1917]] &ndash; The [[Balfour Declaration]] is published in ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper.<ref>{{Cite web |title=100 years later, how the Balfour Declaration shaped Israel's conflicts |url=https://www.jpost.com/magazine/100-years-on-balfour-awakened-508491 |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |date=29 October 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[1918]] &ndash; [[Kaiser]] [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II of Germany]] abdicates after the [[German Revolution of 1918–19|German Revolution]], and [[Proclamation of the republic in Germany|Germany is proclaimed]] a [[Weimar Republic|Republic]].
*[[1921]] &ndash; The [[National Fascist Party]] (Partito Nazionale Fascista or PNF) is founded in [[Italy]].<ref>S. William Halperin (1964). ''Mussolini and Italian Fascism''. Princeton, New Jersey: D. van Nostrand Company. {{ISBN|0-442-00067-7}}. p. 34.</ref><ref>Charles F. Delzell, edit., ''Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945'', New York, Walker and Company, 1971, p. 26.</ref>
*[[1923]] &ndash; In [[Munich]], police and government troops crush the Nazi [[Beer Hall Putsch]].
*[[1935]] &ndash; The Committee for Industrial Organization, the precursor to the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]], is founded in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]], by eight [[trade union]]s belonging to the [[American Federation of Labor]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Organize to Push Industrial Unions|work=The New York Times|date=November 10, 1935|page=7}}</ref>
*[[1936]] &ndash; American fashion designer [[Ruth Harkness]] encounters and captures a nine-week-old panda cub in [[Sichuan]]; it becomes the first live [[giant panda]] to enter the United States.<ref>Kiefer, Michael (29 November 1990). "Quentin Young, Ruth Harkness, and the pandas in China". ''San Diego Reader''.</ref>
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: The Chinese Army withdraws from the [[Battle of Shanghai]].
*[[1938]] &ndash; ''[[Kristallnacht]]'' occurs, instigated by the [[Nazism|Nazis]] using the killing of German diplomat [[Ernst vom Rath]] by [[Herschel Grynszpan]] as justification.
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[Warsaw]] is awarded the [[Virtuti Militari]] by the [[Polish government-in-exile]].
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[Battle of Stalingrad]]: German forces of the 6th Army under general [[Friedrich Paulus]] reach finally the river bank of the Volga, capturing 90% of the ruined city of [[Stalingrad]] and splitting the remaining Soviet forces into two narrow pockets.<ref>"Battle for Stalingrad: the 1943 Soviet General Staff study". (1990). ''Choice Reviews Online'', 27(05), pp. 27-2848-27-2848.</ref>
*[[1943]] &ndash; An agreement for the foundation of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1943/431109a.html | title=Agreement for Unrra }}</ref> is signed by 44 countries in the [[White House]], Washington, D.C.<ref>
 "Agreement for United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration". Ibiblio.org. Retrieved November 15, 2023.</ref>
*[[1945]] &ndash; [[Soo Bahk Do]] and [[Moo Duk Kwan]] martial arts are founded in [[Korea]].<ref>Hwang, The History of Moo Duk Kwan, 1995.</ref>
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Cambodia]] gains independence from France.
*[[1960]] &ndash; [[Robert McNamara]] is named president of the [[Ford Motor Company]], becoming the first non-Ford family member to serve in that post. He resigns a month later to join the newly elected [[John F. Kennedy]] administration.
*[[1963]] &ndash; At a [[Miike coal mine|coal mine]] in [[Miike District, Fukuoka|Miike]], Japan, [[Mitsui Miike Coal Mine disaster|an explosion]] kills 458 and hospitalises 839 with [[carbon monoxide poisoning]]. 
*[[1965]] &ndash; Several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of [[Power outage|blackout]]s lasting up to 13 hours in the [[Northeast blackout of 1965]].
*  1965   &ndash; A [[Catholic Worker Movement]] member, [[Roger Allen LaPorte]], protesting against the [[Vietnam War]], [[Self-immolation|sets himself on fire]] in front of the [[United Nations]] building.
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Apollo program]]: [[NASA]] launches the unmanned [[Apollo 4]] test spacecraft, atop the first [[Saturn V]] rocket, from Florida's [[Cape Canaveral#Cape Kennedy|Cape Kennedy]].
*[[1970]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] [[Massachusetts v. Laird|votes 6–3 against hearing a case]] to allow [[Massachusetts]] to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.
*[[1971]] &ndash; American banker [[John List (murderer)|John List]] murdered his wife, mother, and three children with a pair of handguns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MyCentralJersey.com |url=https://www.mycentraljersey.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mycentraljersey.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fhistory%2F2020%2F06%2F01%2Fremember-when-westfield-killer-john-list-arrested%2F5192043002%2F |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.mycentraljersey.com}}</ref>
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: [[North American Aerospace Defense Command#False alarms|Nuclear false alarm]]: The [[North American Aerospace Defense Command|NORAD]] computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in [[Fort Ritchie, Maryland]], detect a purported massive [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the [[early-warning radar]]s, the alert is cancelled.
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Garry Kasparov]], 22, of the [[Soviet Union]], becomes the youngest [[World Chess Champion]] by beating fellow Soviet [[Anatoly Karpov]].
*[[1989]] &ndash; Cold War: [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]]: [[East Germany]] opens [[Border checkpoint|checkpoint]]s in the [[Berlin Wall]], allowing its citizens to travel to West Berlin.
*[[1993]] &ndash; [[Stari Most]], the "old bridge" in the [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]]n city of [[Mostar]], built in [[1566]], collapses after several days of bombing by Croat forces during the [[Croat–Bosniak War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Mostar-the-Old-One-twenty-years-later-143828#:~:text=Built%20nearly%20five%20centuries%20ago,bridge%20collapsed%20into%20the%20river. |last=Nuhefendić |first=Azra |title=Mostar: the Old One, twenty years later |publisher=[[Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso Transeuropa]] |department=Bosnia Herzegovina |date=8 November 2013 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
*[[1994]] &ndash; The [[chemical element]] [[darmstadtium]] is discovered.
*[[1998]] &ndash; A U.S. federal judge, in the largest civil settlement in American history, orders 37 U.S. brokerage houses to pay US$1.03&nbsp;billion to cheated [[NASDAQ]] investors to compensate for [[price fixing]].
*  1998   &ndash; [[Capital punishment in the United Kingdom]], already abolished for murder, is completely abolished for all remaining capital offences.
*[[1999]] &ndash; [[TAESA Flight 725]] crashes after takeoff from [[Uruapan International Airport]] in [[Uruapan]], [[Michoacán]], [[Mexico]], killing all 18 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991109-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31F XA-TKN Uruapan|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>
*[[2000]] &ndash; [[Uttarakhand]] officially [[Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|becomes]] the 27th [[States of India|state of India]], formed from thirteen districts of northwestern [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1724/17240340.htm|title=Shaky start in Uttaranchal|website=Frontline|date=8 December 2000|first=Venkitesh|last=Ramakrishnan|access-date=2 August 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802082338/https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl1724/17240340.htm|archive-date=2 August 2019}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; [[Firefox]] 1.0 is released.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3993959.stm|title=Firefox browser takes on Microsoft|date=2004-11-09|work=BBC News}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; The [[Venus Express]] mission of the [[European Space Agency]] is launched from the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in [[Kazakhstan]].
*  2005   &ndash; [[2005 Amman bombings|Suicide bombers attack]] three hotels in [[Amman, Jordan]], killing at least 60 people.
*  [[2011]] - The first national test of the [[Emergency Alert System]] is activated in the United States at 2:00&nbsp;p.m. EST.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-14 |title=FEMA: FEMA, FCC Announce Nationwide Test Of The Emergency Alert System |url=http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=55722 |access-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614192303/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=55722 |archive-date=14 June 2011 }}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; A train carrying liquid fuel [[2012 Myanmar train crash|crashes and bursts into flames]] in northern [[Myanmar]], killing 27 people and injuring 80 others.
*  2012   &ndash; At least 27 people are killed and dozens are wounded in [[2012 Welikada prison riot|conflicts]] between inmates and guards at Welikada prison in [[Colombo]].
*[[2014]] &ndash; A [[Catalan self-determination referendum|non-binding self-determination consultation]] is held in [[Catalonia]], asking Catalan citizens their opinion on whether Catalonia should become a state and, if so, whether it should be an independent state.<ref>{{cite web|title=9N/2014|url=http://www.9nconsulta2014.cat/|publisher=Government of Catalonia|access-date=28 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930134419/http://www.9nconsulta2014.cat/|archive-date=30 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; [[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War]]: An armistice [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|agreement]] is signed by [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]] and [[Russia]].<ref name="RIANovosti">{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847112.html |title=Путин выступил с заявлением о прекращении огня в Карабахе |date=9 November 2020 |access-date=9 November 2020 |work=[[RIA Novosti]] |language=ru }}</ref><ref name="RIA Novosti">{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583845291.html |title=Пашинян заявил о прекращении боевых действий в Карабахе |date=9 November 2020 |access-date=9 November 2020 |work=[[RIA Novosti]] |language=ru }}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; U.S. surgeons at [[NYU Langone Health]] announce the [[Eye transplantation#2023 NYU Langone Health attempt|world's first whole eye transplant]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=U.S. surgeons perform world's first whole eye transplant |url=https://japantoday.com/category/features/health/us-surgeons-perform-world's-first-whole-eye-transplant1 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Japan Today |language=en}}</ref>