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Nuclear reaction
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==History== In 1919, [[Ernest Rutherford]] was able to accomplish transmutation of nitrogen into oxygen at the University of Manchester, using alpha particles directed at nitrogen <sup>14</sup>N + Ξ± β <sup>17</sup>O + p. This was the first observation of an induced nuclear reaction, that is, a reaction in which particles from one decay are used to transform another atomic nucleus. Eventually, in 1932 at Cambridge University, a fully artificial nuclear reaction and nuclear transmutation was achieved by Rutherford's colleagues [[John Cockcroft]] and [[Ernest Walton]], who used artificially accelerated protons against lithium-7, to split the nucleus into two alpha particles. The feat was popularly known as "splitting the [[atom]]", although it was not the modern [[nuclear fission]] reaction later (in 1938) discovered in heavy elements by the German scientists [[Otto Hahn]], [[Lise Meitner]], and [[Fritz Strassmann]].<ref>[http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/cockcroftwalton/cockcroftwalton9_1.htm Cockcroft and Walton split lithium with high energy protons April 1932.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902195556/http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/cockcroftwalton/cockcroftwalton9_1.htm |date=2012-09-02 }}</ref>
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