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Objectification
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== Definitions == According to [[Martha Nussbaum]], a person is objectified if one or more of the following properties are applied to them:<ref name=":0" /> # Instrumentality β treating the person as a [[tool]] for another's purposes # Denial of [[autonomy]] β treating the person as lacking in autonomy or [[self-determination]] # Inertness β treating the person as lacking in [[Agency (philosophy)|agency]] or [[Action (philosophy)|activity]] # [[Fungibility]] β treating the person as interchangeable with (other) objects # Violability β treating the person as lacking in boundary integrity and violable, "as something that it is permissible to break up, smash, break into." # [[Ownership]] β treating the person as though they can be owned, bought, or sold (such as slavery) # Denial of [[subjectivity]] β treating the person as though there is no need for concern for their experiences or feelings [[Rae Langton]] proposed three more properties to be added to Nussbaum's list:<ref name="Langdon228β229">{{cite book|author1 = Langton, Rae Helen|authorlink1 = Rae Helen Langton|title = Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification|edition= 1st |year = 2009|publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford|isbn = 978-0199551453|pages = 228β229}}</ref> # Reduction to body β the treatment of a person as identified with their body, or body parts # Reduction to appearance β the treatment of a person primarily in terms of how they look, or how they appear to the senses # Silencing β the treatment of a person as if they are silent, lacking the capacity to speak
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