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==History== ===The Collective=== [[File:Ayn Rand (1957 Phyllis Cerf portrait).jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Photo of Rand|Ayn Rand in 1957]] "The Collective" was Rand's private, humorous name<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|p=254}} for the group. In public she referred to them as "the class of '43", after the year ''The Fountainhead'' was published. ''cf''. {{harvnb|Baker|1987|p=18}} and {{harvnb|Gladstein|1999|p=15}}.</ref> for a group of close confidants, students, and proponents of Rand and Objectivism during the 1950s and 1960s. The founding members of the group were [[Nathaniel Branden]], [[Barbara Branden]], [[Leonard Peikoff]], [[Alan Greenspan]], [[Joan Kennedy Taylor]], Allan Blumenthal, Harry Kalberman, Elayne Kalberman, Joan Mitchell, and Mary Ann Sures (formerly Rukavina).<ref>{{harvnb|Britting|2004|p=88}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1986|p=254}}.</ref> This group became the nucleus of a growing movement of Rand admirers whose name was chosen by Rand as a joke based on Objectivism's staunch commitment to [[individualism]] and strong objection to all forms of [[Collectivism and individualism|Collectivism]]. The Collective originally started out as an informal gathering of friends (many of them related to one another) who met with Rand on weekends at her apartment on East 36th Street in [[New York City]] to discuss philosophy.<ref>{{harvnb|Paxton|1998|p=156}}; {{harvnb|Greenspan|2007|p= 40}}</ref> Barbara Branden said the group met "because of a common interest in ideas".<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|p= 254}}.</ref> Greenspan recalled being drawn to Rand because of a shared belief in "the importance of mathematics and intellectual rigor".<ref>{{harvnb|Greenspan|2007|p=51}}</ref> The group met at Rand's apartment at least once a week, and would often discuss and debate into the early morning hours.<ref>{{harvnb|Greenspan|2007|p=40}}; {{harvnb|Paxton|1998|p= 156}}.</ref> About these discussions, Greenspan said, "Talking to Ayn Rand was like starting a game of chess thinking I was good, and suddenly finding myself in checkmate."<ref>{{harvnb|Greenspan|2007|pp=40–41}}.</ref> Eventually, Rand also allowed them to begin reading the manuscript of ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]'' (1957) as she completed it.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=254–255}}; {{harvnb|Paxton|1998|p=156}}.</ref> The Collective began to play a larger, more formal role, promoting Rand's philosophy through the [[Nathaniel Branden Institute]] (NBI). Some Collective members gave lectures at the NBI in cities across the United States and wrote articles for its newsletters, ''[[The Objectivist Newsletter]]'' (1962–1965) and ''[[The Objectivist]]'' (1966–1971).<ref>{{harvnb|Britting|2004|p=95}}; {{harvnb|Baker|1987|p=18}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1999|p=255}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=307, 312–313}}.</ref> ===Nathaniel Branden Institute=== {{Main|Nathaniel Branden Institute}} The first formal presentation of Objectivism began with the Nathaniel Branden Lectures (NBL), shortly after the publication of Rand's final novel, ''Atlas Shrugged''. Nathaniel Branden was the first member of The Collective, and later, Rand's "intellectual heir".<ref name="passion">{{harvnb|Branden|1986}}</ref> In time, Branden and Rand became romantically involved.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1999}}</ref> After the publication of ''Atlas Shrugged'', Rand was inundated with requests for more information about her philosophy. Not wanting to be a teacher or leader of an organized movement, she allowed Branden to lecture on her behalf.<ref name="passion"/> <div style="float:right;margin:0px 0px 10px 10px;width:220px;"> {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" bgcolor="#999999" style="font-size:9px;line-height:11px;border:1px solid #999;margin-bottom:3px;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" style="font-size:11px;line-height:13px;" | '''Timeline of the Objectivist movement''' |- | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" style="width:60px;" | '''Year''' | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" style="width:200px;" | '''Event''' |- | valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-right:1px solid #E9E9E9;" | 1943<br /> 1950<br /> 1957<br /> 1958<br /> 1961<br /> 1968<br /> 1971<br /> 1980<br /> 1982<br /> 1985<br /> 1987<br /> 1989<br /> 1990<br /> 1999<br /> 2000<br /> 2001 | valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-right:1px solid #E9E9E9;"| ''The Fountainhead'' published<br /> Branden meets Rand<br /> ''Atlas Shrugged'' published<br /> NBI created<br /> ''Objectivist Newsletter'' starts<br /> Branden-Rand split<br /> ''Ayn Rand Letter'' starts<br /> ''Objectivist Forum'' starts<br /> Rand's death<br /> Ayn Rand Institute starts<br /> Ayn Rand Society forms<br /> Peikoff-Kelley split<br /> IOS starts<br /> JARS founded<br /> Objectivist Academic Center<br /> First Anthem Foundation fellowship |} </div> The success of NBL prompted Branden to expand his lecture organization into the [[Nathaniel Branden Institute]] (NBI). Rand and Branden also co-founded the first publication devoted to the study and application of Objectivism. ''The Objectivist Newsletter'' began publication in 1962 and was later expanded into ''The Objectivist''.<ref>{{harvnb|Hessen|1999|pp=351–352}}.</ref> The 1960s saw a rapid expansion of the Objectivist movement. Rand was a frequent lecturer at universities across the country. Rand hosted a radio program on Objectivism on the Columbia University station, [[WKCR-FM]]. The [[Nathaniel Branden Institute]] (NBI) hosted lectures on Objectivism, the history of philosophy, art, and psychology in cities across the country. Campus clubs devoted to studying Rand's philosophy formed throughout the country, though operated independently of NBI. Rand was a frequent guest on radio and television, as well as an annual lecturer at the Ford Hall Forum.<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|p=320}}</ref> At the peak of its popularity, NBI was delivering taped lectures in over 80 cities.<ref>''The Objectivist Newsletter'' vol. 4 no. 12</ref> By 1967 NBI had leased an entire floor in the [[Empire State Building]] (with ''The Objectivist'' as a sub-tenant).<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|pp=350, 373}}</ref> In 1968, Rand publicly broke with Nathaniel and Barbara Branden.<ref name="Rand1968a">{{harvnb|Rand|1968|p=449}}.</ref> She accused Nathaniel Branden of a "gradual departure from the principles of Objectivism",<ref name="Rand1968a"/> financial exploitation of her related to business loans, and "deliberate deception of several persons".<ref>{{harvnb|Rand|1968|pp=452–453}}; ''cf''. {{harvnb|Doherty|2007|p=334}}.</ref> In a response sent to the mailing list of ''The Objectivist'' in 1968, the Brandens denied many of Rand's charges against them.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=354–355}}; {{harvnb|Doherty|2007|pp=334–335}}.</ref> The result of their conflicting claims was a "schism", as some participants in the Objectivist movement supported the Brandens, while others supported Rand's repudiation of them.<ref>{{harvnb|Doherty|2007|pp=334–336}}; {{harvnb|Baker|1987|pp=24–25}}; {{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=355–356}}; {{harvnb|Gladstein|1999|p=18}}; {{harvnb|Walker|1999|pp=43–46}}. Baker and Walker both use the term "schism", as does {{harvnb|Peikoff|1989|pp=1, 5}}.</ref> NBI was closed and its offices vacated, in an environment that Barbara Branden described as "total hysteria" as its former students learned about the matter.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986|pp=351–352}}; ''cf''. {{harvnb|Rand|1968|p=455}}.</ref> The Brandens continued for a time to sell some of NBI's recorded lectures through a new company,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Legal Notice |last=Holzer |first=Henry Mark |journal=The Objectivist |date=May 1969 |volume=8 |issue=5 |page=656}}</ref> but otherwise had little involvement with the Objectivist movement until their biographical books about Rand were released.<ref>{{harvnb|Branden|1986}} and {{harvnb|Branden|1999}}, which was originally released in 1989 under the title ''Judgment Day: My Years with Ayn Rand''.</ref> ''The Objectivist'' continued publishing with Rand as editor and Leonard Peikoff as associate editor. Peikoff also took over Nathaniel Branden's role as the primary lecturer on Objectivism.<ref name="Hessen 1999 p=353">{{harvnb|Hessen|1999|p=353}}.</ref> Peikoff later described the Brandens' expulsion as the first "of the many schisms that have plagued the Objectivist movement."<ref>{{harvnb|Peikoff|1989|p=5}}.</ref> ===1970s=== [[File:Leonard Peikoff.tiff|thumb|upright|alt=|Leonard Peikoff delivered lectures on Objectivism throughout the 1970s.]] In the 1970s, Rand gave fewer public speeches. She concentrated instead on nonfiction writing and on helping the work of her students and associates, through efforts such as a series of private workshops on [[epistemology]] that she conducted from 1969 through 1971 for about a dozen students and professionals in philosophy, math and physics.<ref>{{harvnb|Burns|2009|p=250}}</ref> ''The Objectivist'' was replaced by ''[[Objectivist periodicals#The Ayn Rand Letter|The Ayn Rand Letter]]'' in 1971. While ''The Objectivist'' had published articles by many authors, ''The Ayn Rand Letter,'' marketed as a personal newsletter from Rand, published only her work (plus occasionally Leonard Peikoff's).<ref name="Hessen 1999 p=353"/> Throughout the decade, Peikoff continued to offer a number of lecture series on various topics related to Objectivism to large audiences, often incorporating new philosophic material.<ref>"Founders of Western Philosophy" (1972) and "The Philosophy of Objectivism" (1976)</ref> Rand worked closely with Peikoff, helping edit his book, ''[[The Ominous Parallels]]'', for which she wrote the introduction.<ref>{{harvnb|Heller|2009|pp=386–387}}</ref> In mid-1979, [[Peter Schwartz (writer)|Peter Schwartz]] began editing and publishing ''[[The Intellectual Activist]]'', a publication which Rand recommended to her audience.<ref>{{harvnb|Burns|2009|p=276}}</ref> One of Rand's associates, philosopher [[Harry Binswanger]], pitched to Rand his idea for a mini-encyclopedia of Objectivism, ''The Ayn Rand Lexicon: Objectivism from A to Z'' (1986), and she approved of the project after seeing a sample of the proposed selections. Rand advised him on standards of inclusion but died before the work was completed.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ayn Rand Lexicon: Objectivism from A to Z |last=Binswanger |first=Harry |author-link=Harry Binswanger |location=New York |publisher=New American Library |year=1986 |isbn=0-453-00528-4 |url=http://aynrandlexicon.com/}}</ref> After the close of ''The Objectivist Calendar,'' a short publication listing upcoming events within the Objectivist movement, Binswanger began editing and publishing ''The Objectivist Forum'', a bimonthly journal on Objectivism which had Rand's support and for which she served as "Philosophic Consultant".<ref>{{cite journal |title=To the Readers of the Objectivist Forum |journal=The Objectivist Forum |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=February 1980}}</ref> ===1980s=== Upon Rand's death on March 6, 1982, Peikoff inherited her estate, including the control of the copyrights to her books and writing (barring ''[[Anthem (novella)|Anthem]]'', in the public domain). Shortly after Rand's death, Peikoff's first book, ''The Ominous Parallels'', was published. In 1983, Peikoff gave a series of lectures titled ''Understanding Objectivism'',<ref>{{cite journal |title=Announcements |journal=The Objectivist Forum |date=June 1983 |volume=3 |issue=3 |page=16}}</ref> for the purpose of improving the ''methodology'' used in studying Objectivism, as a corrective to what he describes as the "Rationalist" and the "Empiricist" methods of thought. In 1985, Leonard Peikoff and [[Ed Snider]] founded the [[Ayn Rand Institute]] (ARI), the first organization devoted to the study and advocacy of Objectivism since the closure of NBI in 1968.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Announcements |journal=[[Objectivist periodicals#The Objectivist Forum|The Objectivist Forum]] |date= December 1984 |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=13–15}}</ref> The institute began by sponsoring essay contests on Rand's novels and distributing op-eds analyzing world events from an Objectivist perspective.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Report from the Ayn Rand Institute |journal=[[Objectivist periodicals#The Objectivist Forum|The Objectivist Forum]] |last=Berliner |first=Michael S. |date=October 1985 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=14–15}}</ref> In 1987, the institute began teaching aspiring Objectivist academics.<ref>''Impact'' (newsletter of the Ayn Rand Institute), June 2003</ref> ===Peikoff–Kelley split=== In 1989, another major split occurred within the Objectivist movement. Peter Schwartz criticized [[David Kelley]], a philosopher and lecturer then affiliated with ARI, for giving a speech under the auspices of [[Laissez Faire Books]] (LFB), a libertarian [[bookseller]].<ref>{{harvnb|Kelley|2000|p=13}}.</ref> Schwartz argued that this activity violated the Objectivist moral principle of sanction. In other words, Kelley was implicitly conferring moral approval on the organization by appearing at an event that it sponsored. LFB, in turn, was morally objectionable because it promoted books, such as ''The Passion of Ayn Rand'' (1986), that Schwartz maintained were hostile and defamatory towards Rand and Objectivism as well as being the world's center for literature promoting anarchism, which Rand condemned as "childish" and subjectivist.<ref>{{cite journal |title=On Sanctioning the Sanctioners |journal=The Intellectual Activist |date=February 27, 1989 |volume=4 |issue=20 |first=Peter |last=Schwartz |page=1}}</ref> (Although Schwartz made no mention of it, Leonard Peikoff had signed copies of his book ''The Ominous Parallels'' at three LFB events in 1982. According to Peikoff, he later broke off relations with LFB after being told that LFB offered [[Anarchism|anarchist]] literature.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ramsey |first=Bruce |date=January–February 2008 |title=''Laissez-Faire'': R.I.P.? |journal=Liberty |volume=22 |issue=1 |url=http://www.libertyunbound.com/archive/2008_01/ramsey-lf.html |access-date=July 25, 2009 |archive-date=May 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511193146/http://libertyunbound.com/archive/2008_01/ramsey-lf.html |url-status=live }}</ref>) Kelley responded, in a paper titled "A Question of Sanction", by disputing Schwartz's interpretation of the sanction principle in particular and his interpretation of moral principles in general.<ref>Kelley's paper was at first circulated privately, but is reproduced as an appendix in {{harvnb|Kelley|2000|pp=113–117}}.</ref> Subsequently, in an essay appearing in ''The Intellectual Activist'', Peikoff endorsed Schwartz's view and claimed that Kelley's arguments contradicted the fundamental principles of Objectivism. Peikoff maintained that many non-Objectivist systems of thought, such as Marxism, are based on "inherently dishonest ideas" whose advocacy must never be sanctioned.<ref name="Peikoff">{{harvnb|Peikoff|1989}}</ref> He attributed the fall of NBI and subsequent schisms not to "differences in regard to love affairs or political strategy or proselytizing techniques or anybody's personality", but to a "fundamental and philosophical" cause: "If you grasp and accept the concept of 'objectivity,' in all its implications, then you accept Objectivism, you live by it and you revere Ayn Rand for defining it. If you fail fully to grasp and accept the concept, whether your failure is deliberate or otherwise, you eventually drift away from Ayn Rand's orbit, or rewrite her viewpoint or turn openly into her enemy." Those who criticized his position were to make their exit: "If you agree with the Branden or Kelley viewpoint or anything resembling it—please drop out of our movement: drop Ayn Rand, leave Objectivism alone. We do not want you and Ayn Rand would not have wanted you [...]"<ref name="Peikoff"/> Kelley responded to the Peikoff–Schwartz critique in his monograph, ''Truth and Toleration'', later updated as ''The Contested Legacy of Ayn Rand''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Truth and Toleration |last=Kelley |first=David |location=Verbank, New York |publisher=Institute for Objectivist Studies |year=1990}} Revised as {{harvnb|Kelley|2000}}.</ref> He responded to his ostracism by founding the Institute for Objectivist Studies (IOS), later renamed The Objectivist Center (TOC) and then [[The Atlas Society]] (TAS), with the help of Ed Snider, one of the founders of the Ayn Rand Institute. Kelley was joined by Objectivist scholars George Walsh<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Statement |journal=The Intellectual Activist |date=November 17, 1989 |volume=5 |issue=3 |first=George |last=Walsh |page=5}}</ref> and Jim Lennox, as well as former Collective members Joan and Allan Blumenthal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Summer Seminar 1995: Faculty Biographies |url=http://www.objectivistcenter.org/events/oldsems/seminars-sem95.asp#fac |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207064712/http://www.objectivistcenter.org/events/oldsems/seminars-sem95.asp#fac |date=1995 |archive-date=February 7, 2009 |access-date=July 28, 2009 |website=The Objectivist Center |url-status=usurped}}</ref> ===1990s=== Kelley's Institute for Objectivist Studies (IOS) began to publish material on Objectivism and host conferences for Rand scholars in 1990. IOS held a symposium on [[Chris Matthew Sciabarra]]'s book, ''[[Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical]]''.<ref name="harvnb|Sciabarra|1995">{{harvnb|Sciabarra|1995}}</ref> IOS invited Nathaniel<ref>{{cite web |title=Summer Seminar 1996 |url=http://www.objectivistcenter.org/events/oldsems/seminars-sem96.asp#pers |date=1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217055230/http://www.objectivistcenter.org/events/oldsems/seminars-sem96.asp#pers |archive-date=February 17, 2007 |access-date=July 28, 2009 |website=The Objectivist Center |url-status=usurped}}</ref> and Barbara Branden<ref>{{cite web |title=Summer Seminar 1999 |url=http://www.objectivistcenter.org/events/sem99/seminars-sem99.asp |date=1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070624224352/http://www.objectivistcenter.org/events/sem99/seminars-sem99.asp |archive-date=June 24, 2007 |website=The Objectivist Center |url-status=usurped |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> to participate in the institute's activities, effectively bringing them back into the Objectivist movement, and they continued to appear at events for the organization until their deaths in 2014 and 2013, respectively. In 1999, IOS renamed itself to The Objectivist Center. In 1991, Peikoff's book ''[[Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand]]'' was published. It was the first comprehensive presentation of Rand's philosophy to appear in print. In 1994, the Ayn Rand Institute expanded its educational programs into the Objectivist Graduate Center (OGC), which held classes led by Peikoff, Binswanger, and Schwartz. In 1996, ARI intellectuals delivered a series of lectures on Objectivism at [[Harvard University|Harvard]].<ref name="Impact December 2006">''Impact'' December 2006</ref> ARI increased its notoriety by staging a protest against President Clinton's volunteerism initiative in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aynrand2.org/no_servitude/update.html |title=ARI website |access-date=February 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420191201/http://www.aynrand2.org/no_servitude/update.html |archive-date=April 20, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ARI gathered more attention for its activism on behalf of the family of Elian Gonzalez. The Academy Award-nominated documentary ''[[Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life]]'', directed by [[Michael Paxton]], was released in 1996. ===2000s=== [[File:Yaron Brook at Tea Party Patriots.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=|Yaron Brook was executive director of ARI from 2000 to 2017.]] In 2000, [[Yaron Brook]] succeeded Michael Berliner as head of ARI,<ref>''Impact'' March 2000</ref> and ARI expanded its OGC into the Objectivist Academic Center (OAC), offering undergraduate and graduate courses on Objectivism, writing, history, the history of philosophy, and the history of science.<ref>''Impact'' September 2000</ref> Several OAC classes are now accredited.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=education_academic_index |title=OAC website |access-date=March 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212082927/http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=education_academic_index |archive-date=February 12, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Throughout the 2000s, ARI increased its media presence, publishing op-eds and providing intellectuals for live interviews. In 2005, ARI helped establish the Ayn Rand Institute Canada, which distributes free books to Canadian schools. In 2006, ARI sponsored a conference on the [[War on Terror]]. In addition to Objectivist speakers, mid-east scholars [[Daniel Pipes]], [[Robert Spencer (author)|Robert Spencer]], and Danish newspaper editor [[Flemming Rose]] gave lectures.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.objectivistconferences.com/fordhall06/ |title=The Jihad Against the West |access-date=March 18, 2007 |archive-date=February 5, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205222521/http://www.objectivistconferences.com/fordhall06/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2007, ARI had donated 700,000 copies of Rand's novels to high schools around the United States.<ref>''Impact'' February 2007</ref> The Objectivist Center also went through a number of changes in the 2000s. In 2005, founder David Kelley stepped aside as executive director in favor of former [[Cato Institute]] scholar Ed Hudgins, while Kelley stayed on as Chief Intellectual Officer, and the institute relocated to Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.objectivistcenter.org/center/news/news_dc-announcement.asp |title=The Objectivist Center to Move to DC |date=December 15, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051119034917/http://www.objectivistcenter.org/center/news/news_dc-announcement.asp |archive-date=November 19, 2005}}</ref> In 2006, the organization rebranded itself again, changing its name to The Atlas Society.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.objectivistcenter.org/cth-13-1712-The_Atlas_Society_and_TheObjectivist_Center_names.aspx |title=The Atlas Society and The Objectivist Center Names |publisher=The Atlas Society |date=June 5, 2006 |access-date=June 16, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312070701/http://www.objectivistcenter.org/cth-13-1712-The_Atlas_Society_and_TheObjectivist_Center_names.aspx |archive-date=March 12, 2007}}</ref> In 2009, Domingo García founded Objetivismo Internacional (OI) in [[Spain]] to help spread Objectivism in the [[Hispanophone|Spanish-speaking world]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlasnetwork.org/partners/global-directory/objetivismo-internacional |title=Objetivismo Internacional |website=AtlasNetwork.com |access-date=October 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030926/https://www.atlasnetwork.org/partners/global-directory/objetivismo-internacional |archive-date=October 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> OI is not officially affiliated with any other Objectivist organization; however, they closely collaborate with the Ayn Rand Institute. OI is based in [[Murcia|Murcia, Spain]], and García is its [[Chief executive officer|CEO]].<ref name="objetivismo">{{cite web |url=https://objetivismo.org/about-us/ |title=About Us |website=Objetivismo.org |access-date=October 27, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030146/https://objetivismo.org/about-us/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===2010s=== A central goal for ARI throughout the 2010s has been to spread Objectivism internationally. ARI helped establish the Ayn Rand Center Israel in October 2012, the Ayn Rand Institute Europe in April 2015, and the Ayn Rand Center Japan in February 2017. Each of these institutions are affiliated with ARI but are separate legal entities. In 2017, Jim Brown replaced Yaron Brook as the operational executive of ARI, while Brook continues as its chairman of the board.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/entertainment/tn-wknd-et-0219-ayn-rand-institute-20170218-story.html |title=Jim Brown, new Ayn Rand Institute CEO: 'Culture and society out there can look pretty irrational. Just look at the last election' |author=Holleran, Scott |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 17, 2017 |access-date=July 14, 2017 |archive-date=August 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805101106/http://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/entertainment/tn-wknd-et-0219-ayn-rand-institute-20170218-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2018, Tal Tsfany, co-founder of the Ayn Rand Center Israel, took over as the president and CEO of ARI.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theobjectivestandard.com/2018/03/tal-tsfany-next-president-and-ceo-of-the-ayn-rand-institute/ |title=Tal Tsfany: Next President and CEO of the Ayn Rand Institute |author=Biddle, Craig |website=TheObjectiveStandard.com |date=March 28, 2018 |access-date=April 5, 2018 |archive-date=April 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405214502/https://www.theobjectivestandard.com/2018/03/tal-tsfany-next-president-and-ceo-of-the-ayn-rand-institute/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, Carl Barney launched the Objectivist Venture Fund, originally the Anthem Venture Fund, which has helped fund a number of Objectivist initiatives, including ''[[Objectivist periodicals#The Undercurrent|The Undercurrent]]'' and the Ayn Rand Center Israel.<ref name="OCON 2015">{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbWgESQV9Eo |title=The Ayn Rand Institute's First Thirty Years (OCON 2015) |date=September 16, 2015 |publisher=Ayn Rand Institute |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524171704/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbWgESQV9Eo&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the Ayn Rand Center Israel launched the Atlas Award for the Best Israeli Start-up, presented annually at the [[Tel Aviv Stock Exchange]].<ref name="JPost">{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/Business-and-Innovation/Tech-Talk-Israels-Fortune-500-companies-496935 |title=Tech Talk: Israel's Fortune 500 companies |author=Shapira, Ariel |website=JPost.com |access-date=November 9, 2017 |archive-date=November 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109225114/http://www.jpost.com/Business-and-Innovation/Tech-Talk-Israels-Fortune-500-companies-496935 |url-status=live }}</ref> Judges for the award include Yaron Brook and [[Shlomo Kalish]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/in-spirit-of-ayn-rand-israeli-entrepreneurship-to-get-a-boost/ |title=In spirit of Ayn Rand, Israeli entrepreneurship to get a boost |website=TimesofIsrael.com |access-date=November 15, 2017 |archive-date=February 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221222028/https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-spirit-of-ayn-rand-israeli-entrepreneurship-to-get-a-boost/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Moovit]] was the first recipient of the award in 2016. Zebra Medical Vision won the award in 2017, and Innoviz won in 2018.<ref name="JPost" /><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.themarker.com/technation/1.6114120 |title=Innoviz won Atlas Award for start-ups that produce extraordinary value for the public |author=Raffaella Goichman Amitai Ziv |journal=TheMarker |access-date=July 19, 2018 |archive-date=July 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719054633/https://www.themarker.com/technation/1.6114120 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, Objetivismo USA was established as a [[501(c)(3)]] [[nonprofit organization]] in [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]] as a sister organization of Objetivismo Internacional.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nycompanygo.com/Objetivismo-Usa-Inc-4904832/|title=OBJETIVISMO USA, INC. | New York Companies Directory|access-date=May 23, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027132930/https://www.nycompanygo.com/Objetivismo-Usa-Inc-4904832/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] is Edwin Thompson.<ref name="objetivismo"/> The Atlas Society has also undergone a change in leadership in the 2010s. In 2011, Aaron Day replaced Ed Hudgins as the operational executive of The Atlas Society,<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/10/prweb9884847.htm |title=The Atlas Society Announces Aaron Day as New CEO and Appoints New Board of Advisors |publisher=PRWeb |date=October 19, 2012 |access-date=November 18, 2013 |archive-date=November 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128010910/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/10/prweb9884847.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and on March 1, 2016, The Atlas Society announced Jennifer Grossman as its new CEO.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://atlassociety.org/about-us/about-us-archive/5947-jennifer-anju-grossman-ceo|title=The Atlas Society welcomes Jennifer Anju Grossman as its new CEO|work=The Atlas Society|access-date=August 10, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=August 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811055821/https://atlassociety.org/about-us/about-us-archive/5947-jennifer-anju-grossman-ceo|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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