Editing Ocean Drilling Program (section)

== Ocean Drilling History ==
Ocean drilling first began with [[Project Mohole]], a United States effort to drill into Earth's crust in 1957.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=lling |first=Committee on the Review of the Scientific Accomplishments and Assessment of the Potential for Future Transformative Discoveries with U. S.-Supported Scientific Ocean |title=Scientific Ocean Drilling: Accomplishments and Challenges |date=2011 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-21901-3 |location=Washington}}</ref> At the time, there was little scientific understanding about oceanic and geologic processes, such as a lack of knowledge of [[plate tectonics]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Becker |first1=Keir |last2=Austin |first2=James A. |last3=Exon |first3=Neville |last4=Humphris |first4=Susan |last5=Kastner |first5=Miriam |last6=McKenzie |first6=Judith A. |last7=Miller |first7=Kenneth G. |last8=Suyehiro |first8=Kiyoshi |last9=Taira |first9=Asahiko |date=2019 |title=50 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26604941 |journal=Oceanography |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=17–21 |doi=10.5670/oceanog.2019.110 |jstor=26604941 |issn=1042-8275|hdl=1885/196759 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> While this project was brief due to a lack of funding, it gave insights into these processes and sparked public interest in ocean drilling and its associated discoveries.<ref name=":1" />

Following this preliminary project, several countries came together to contribute to a series of three ocean drilling projects that took place over forty years.
[[File:GlomarChallengerBW.JPG|thumb|''Glomar Challenger'', ship used in DSDP]]
First was the [[Deep Sea Drilling Project]] (DSDP), which took place from 1968-1983.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> This project was driven by the [[Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling]] (JOIDES), a partnership of United States research institutions and universities, which included [[Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory|Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory]], the Institute for Marine Sciences at the [[University of Miami]], [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]], and [[Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The DSDP was an exploratory project that utilized certain technological advances, such as the hydraulic piston corer, and led to further hypotheses about oceanic processes.<ref name=":1" />

The ODP immediately followed the DSDP from 1984-2003.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

The final program was the [[Integrated Ocean Drilling Program]] (IODP), which was completed in 2013.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> These projects were an international effort, including Australia, Canada, Germany, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom. 12 additional countries formed the [[European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling]] (ECORD), which was created to support the IODP.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/ODP_Final_Technical_Report.pdf |title=Final Technical Report 1983–2007 |last=Ocean Drilling Program |date=2007 |access-date=2019-07-11}}</ref>