Editing October 12 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[539 BC]] &ndash; The army of [[Cyrus the Great]] of [[Persia]] [[Fall of Babylon|conquer]] [[Babylon]], ending the Babylonian empire. ([[Julian calendar]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=William Sanford LaSor|author2=David Allan Hubbard|author3=Frederic William Bush|author4=Leslie C. Allen|title=Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wSWpZmmlAoC&pg=PA390|date=3 September 1996|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-3788-2|page=390}}</ref>
* [[633]] &ndash;  [[Battle of Hatfield Chase]]: King [[Edwin of Northumbria]] is defeated and killed by an alliance under [[Penda of Mercia]] and [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan|Cadwallon of Gwynedd]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=William Bernard Mac Cabe|author2=William Bernard MacCabe|title=A Catholic History of England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgBaAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA258|year=1847|publisher=Newby|pages=258}}</ref>
*[[1279]] &ndash; The ''[[Nichiren Shōshū]]'' branch of Buddhism is founded in Japan.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Arweck|author2=Martin D. Stringer|title=Theorizing Faith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kRRZ6sQOdkC&pg=PA61|date=31 May 2002|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-902459-33-2|pages=61}}</ref>
*[[1398]] &ndash; In the [[Treaty of Salynas]], [[Lithuania]] cedes [[Samogitia]] to the [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic Knights]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Albertas Gerutis|title=Lithuania 700 Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHlpAAAAMAAJ|year=1969|publisher=Manyland Books|page=62|isbn=9780000087140}}</ref>
*[[1406]] &ndash; [[Chen Yanxiang]], the only person from Indonesia known to have visited dynastic Korea, reaches [[Seoul]] after having set out from [[Java]] four months before.<ref>{{cite book | last = Cho | first = Hung-guk | title = Han'guk-gwa Dongnam Asia-ui Gyoryusa | trans-title  = History of Exchanges between Korea and Southeast Asia | script-title = ko:한국과 동남아시아의 교류사 | publisher = Sonamu | location = Seoul, South Korea | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-89-7139-557-8  | language  = ko  | ref = {{harvid|Cho|2009}}a}}</ref>
*[[1492]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]]'s [[voyages of Christopher Columbus|first expedition]] makes landfall in the [[Caribbean]], specifically on [[San Salvador Island]]. ([[Julian calendar]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Barratt|title=Bahama Saga: The Epic Story of the Bahama Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eX7C6klODvcC&pg=PA84|date=21 May 2004|publisher=Author House|isbn=978-1-4107-9830-5|pages=87}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1654]] &ndash; The [[Delft Explosion]] devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people.
*[[1692]] &ndash; The [[Salem witch trials]] are ended by a letter from [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]] [[List of colonial governors of Massachusetts|Governor]] [[William Phips]].
*[[1748]] &ndash; [[War of Jenkins' Ear]]: A British squadron [[Battle of Havana (1748)|wins a tactical victory]] over a Spanish squadron off Havana.
*[[1773]] &ndash; America's [[Eastern State Hospital (Virginia)|first insane asylum]] opens.
*[[1792]] &ndash; The first celebration of [[Columbus Day]] is held in New York City.<ref>{{cite web |title=Columbus Day {{!}} History, Meaning, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Columbus-Day |website=www.britannica.com |date=9 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1793]] &ndash; The cornerstone of [[Old East]], the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]].
*[[1798]] &ndash; Flemish and Luxembourgish peasants launch the rebellion against French rule known as the [[Peasants' War (1798)|Peasants' War]].
*[[1799]] &ndash; [[Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse]] becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a [[parachute]].
*[[1810]] &ndash; The citizens of [[Munich]] hold the first [[Oktoberfest]] in celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince [[Ludwig I of Bavaria|Louis of Bavaria]] and Princess [[Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=On This Day - What Happened on October 12 {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/on-this-day/October-12|access-date=2022-01-11|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1822]] &ndash; [[Pedro I of Brazil]] is proclaimed the emperor.
*[[1849]] &ndash; The city of [[Manizales]], Colombia, is founded by 'The Expedition of the 20'.
*[[1856]] &ndash; An [[1856 Heraklion earthquake|M 7.7–8.3 earthquake]] off the Greek island of Crete cause major damage as far as Egypt and Malta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Significant Earthquake Information GREECE: CRETE; EGYPT|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2005|access-date=4 January 2021|website=NGDC}}</ref>
*[[1871]] &ndash; The British in India enact the [[Criminal Tribes Act]], naming many local communities "Criminal Tribes".
*[[1890]] &ndash; [[Uddevalla Suffrage Association]] is formed.
*[[1892]] &ndash; The [[Pledge of Allegiance (United States)|Pledge of Allegiance]] is first recited by students in many US public schools.

===1901–present===
*[[1901]] &ndash; President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the [[White House]].
*[[1909]] &ndash; Foundation of [[Coritiba Foot Ball Club]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coritiba.com.br/artigo/11/fundacao |title=Fundação |trans-title= Foundation |language= PT|date= January 28, 2013 |website= Coritiba.com.br |access-date= February 21, 2024}}</ref>
*[[1915]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: British nurse [[Edith Cavell]] is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from [[German occupation of Belgium during World War I|occupied Belgium]].
*[[1917]] &ndash; World War I: The [[First Battle of Passchendaele]] takes place resulting in the largest single-day loss of life in New Zealand history.
*[[1918]] &ndash; A [[Cloquet fire|massive forest fire]] kills 453 people in Minnesota.
*[[1928]] &ndash; An [[iron lung]] respirator is used for the first time at [[Boston Children's Hospital]].
*[[1933]] &ndash; The military [[Alcatraz Citadel]] becomes the civilian [[Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Axis occupation of Greece|Axis occupation of Athens]] comes to an end.
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: [[Desmond Doss]] is the first conscientious objector to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor.
*  1945   &ndash; The [[Lao Issara]] took control of Laos' government and reaffirmed the country's independence.<ref>[http://www.visit-laos.com/sabbaidee/history.htm visit-laos.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705204007/http://www.visit-laos.com/sabbaidee/history.htm |date=2008-07-05 }}</ref>
*[[1959]] &ndash; At the national congress of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance in Peru, a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party who later form [[APRA Rebelde]].
*[[1960]] &ndash; Soviet Premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] [[shoe-banging incident|pounds his shoe on a desk]] at the United Nations to protest a Philippine assertion.
*[[1962]] &ndash; The [[Columbus Day Storm of 1962|Columbus Day Storm]] strikes the [[Pacific Northwest|U.S. Pacific Northwest]] with record wind velocities. There was at least U.S. $230&nbsp;million in damages and 46 people died.
*[[1963]] &ndash; After nearly 23 years of imprisonment, Reverend [[Walter Ciszek]], a Jesuit missionary, was released from the Soviet Union.
*[[1964]] &ndash; The Soviet Union launches the [[Voskhod 1]] into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew, and the first flight without pressure suits.
*[[1967]] &ndash; A bomb explodes on board [[Cyprus Airways Flight 284]] while flying over the [[Mediterranean Sea]], killing 66.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland DH-106 Comet 4 G-ARCO Demre, Turkey|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19671012-0|access-date=2021-10-11|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Equatorial Guinea]] becomes independent from Spain.
*[[1970]] &ndash; Vietnam War: [[Vietnamization]] continues as President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas.
*[[1971]] &ndash; The [[2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire]] begins. 
*[[1973]] &ndash; President Nixon nominates House Minority Leader [[Gerald Ford|Gerald R. Ford]] as the successor to Vice President [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro T. Agnew]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=John Herbers Special to The New York|date=1973-10-13|title=MOVE IS SURPRISE|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/13/archives/move-is-surprise-house-gop-leader-would-be-the-40th-vice-president.html|access-date=2022-01-11|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 
*[[1976]] &ndash; [[Indian Airlines Flight 171]] crashes at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Santacruz Airport]] in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], India, killing 95.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-N VT-DWN Bombay-Santacruz Airport (BOM) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19761012-0 |access-date=2019-06-30 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> 
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Hua Guofeng]] succeeds [[Mao Zedong]] as [[paramount leader]] of China.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-11|title=TUESDAY, OCTOBER 12, 2021|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2022/01/224_316806.html|access-date=2022-01-11|website=koreatimes|language=en}}</ref>  
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Typhoon Tip]] becomes the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded.
*[[1983]] &ndash; Japan's former Prime Minister [[Kakuei Tanaka|Tanaka Kakuei]] is found guilty of taking a [[Lockheed bribery scandals|$2 million bribe]] from the [[Lockheed Corporation]], and is sentenced to four years in jail.
*[[1984]] &ndash; The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] [[Brighton hotel bombing|fail to assassinate]] Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] and her [[Second Thatcher ministry|cabinet]].  The bomb kills five people and wounds at least 31 others.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=The New Yorker |title=The I.R.A., the Brits, and a Bomb That Shook the Nations |access-date=4 April 2023 |first1=Amy |last1=Davidson Sorkin |volume=99 |issue=8 |page=60 |url-access=subscription |date=3 April 2023 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/04/10/there-will-be-fire-rory-carroll-book-review-ireland}}</ref>
*[[1988]] &ndash; Two officers of the [[Victoria Police]] are gunned down execution-style in the [[Walsh Street police shootings]], Australia.
*[[1992]] &ndash; A [[1992 Cairo earthquake|5.8 earthquake occurred]] in Cairo, Egypt. At least 510 died.
*[[1994]] &ndash; The [[Magellan (spacecraft)|Magellan spacecraft]] burns up in the [[atmosphere of Venus]].
*1994   &ndash; [[Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 746]] crashes near [[Natanz]], Iran, killing all 66 people on board.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 746&nbsp;– Accident description |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941012-0 |access-date=December 6, 2011 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
*[[1996]] &ndash; [[New Zealand]] holds its [[1996 New Zealand general election|first general election]] under the new [[mixed-member proportional representation]] system, which led to [[Jim Bolger]]'s [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] forming a [[coalition government]] with [[Winston Peters|Winston Peters's]] [[New Zealand First]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Boston|first1=Jonathan|last2=Levine|first2=Stephen|last3=McLeay|first3=Elizabeth|last4=Roberts|first4=Nigel S.|date=1997|title=The 1996 General Election in New Zealand: Proportional Representation and Political Change|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20634760|journal=The Australian Quarterly|language=en|volume=69|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.2307/20634760|jstor=20634760|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*[[1997]] &ndash; The [[Sidi Daoud massacre]] in Algeria kills 43 people at a fake roadblock.
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Matthew Shepard]], a gay student at [[University of Wyoming]], dies five days after he was beaten outside of Laramie.
*[[1999]] &ndash; [[Pervez Musharraf]] takes power in Pakistan from [[Nawaz Sharif]] through a bloodless [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|coup]].
*  1999   &ndash; The former Autonomous Soviet Republic of [[Abkhazia]] declares its independence from [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].
*[[2000]] &ndash; The [[USS Cole (DDG-67)|USS ''Cole'']], a [[US Navy]] [[destroyer]], [[USS Cole bombing|is badly damaged]] by two [[al-Qaeda]] suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
*[[2002]] &ndash; Terrorists [[2002 Bali bombings|detonate bombs]] in two nightclubs in [[Kuta, Bali]], Indonesia, killing 202 and wounding over 200.
*[[2005]] &ndash; The second Chinese human spaceflight, ''[[Shenzhou 6]]'', is launched, carrying two cosmonauts in orbit for five days.
*[[2010]] &ndash; The Finnish [[Yle TV2]] channel's ''[[Ajankohtainen kakkonen]]'' current affairs program airs controversial [[Homoilta|''Homoilta'' episode]] (literally "gay night"), which leads to the resignation of almost 50,000 [[Finns]] from the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland|Evangelical Lutheran Church]].<ref>{{cite web|author=eroakirkosta.fi | title=Statistical Data | url=http://www.eroakirkosta.fi/media/tilastot | accessdate=October 18, 2010 | language=Finnish }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=eroakirkosta.fi | title=Resignations Today | url=http://www.eroakirkosta.fi/static/ek-tilastot/ | accessdate=October 18, 2010 | language=Finnish | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101019134121/http://eroakirkosta.fi/static/ek-tilastot/| archivedate= October 19, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=Eroa kirkosta | title=Erolaskuri | date=October 24, 2010 | url=http://eroakirkosta.fi/static/ek-tilastot/ylea2.html | access-date=October 24, 2010 | language=fi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021200908/http://eroakirkosta.fi/static/ek-tilastot/ylea2.html | archive-date=October 21, 2010 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; The [[European Union]] wins the [[2012 Nobel Peace Prize]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2012|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2012/summary/|access-date=2022-01-11|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}</ref> 
*[[2013]] &ndash; Fifty-one people are killed after a truck [[2013 Peru bus disaster|veers off a cliff]] in Peru.
*2013 &ndash; [[Collapse of the Space Building|An apartment building collapse]] in [[Medellín|Medellín, Colombia]] results in the deaths of twelve people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Se desplomó edificio Space en el barrio El Poblado |url=http://diarioadn.co/medell%C3%ADn/mi-ciudad/se-desplom%C3%B3-edificio-en-el-poblado-1.80901 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106043359/http://diarioadn.co/medell%C3%ADn/mi-ciudad/se-desplom%C3%B3-edificio-en-el-poblado-1.80901 |archive-date=6 November 2013 |access-date=1 November 2013}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-23 |title=Medellin tower blocks demolished after collapse |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-29324660 |access-date=2024-09-20 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[2017]] &ndash; The United States announces its decision to withdraw from [[UNESCO]]. Israel immediately follows.
*[[2018]] &ndash; [[Princess Eugenie]] [[Wedding of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank|marries]] [[Jack Brooksbank]] at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]].
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[Typhoon Hagibis (2019)|Typhoon Hagibis]] makes landfall in Japan, killing 10 and forcing the evacuation of one million people.<ref>{{cite web|website=CNN World News|title=Typhoon Hagibis makes landfall in Japan, leaving at least 10 dead|author1=Chie Kobayashi|author2=Yoko Wakatsuki|date=Oct 13, 2019|access-date=Oct 13, 2019|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/12/asia/japan-typhoon-hagibis-intl-hnk/index.html}}</ref>
*  2019   &ndash; [[Eliud Kipchoge]] from Kenya becomes the first person to run a [[marathon]] in [[Ineos 1:59 Challenge|less than two hours]] with a time of 1:59:40 in Vienna.<ref>{{cite web|website=CNN Sports|title=Kenya's Eliud Kipchoge smashes two-hour marathon barrier|date=Oct 12, 2019 |access-date=Oct 14, 2019|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/12/sport/eliud-kipchoge-marathon-vienna-intl/index.html|author=Bianca Britton}}</ref>
*  2019   &ndash; The [[1031 Canal|Hard Rock Hotel in New Orleans]], which is under construction, collapses, killing three workers and injuring 30 others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Monteverde |first=Danny |title='We are in rescue mode:' 2 dead, 1 missing, 30 injured in Hard Rock Hotel collapse|url=https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/local/orleans/hard-rock-hotel-collapses-on-canal-street/289-930d2437-69fa-4993-a41e-0bd480274f44|access-date=October 11, 2024|website=wwltv.com|date=October 12, 2019|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{citation|website=Fox News|title=New Orleans Hard Rock hotel under construction collapses; at least 2 dead, multiple injured|date=Oct 12, 2019|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/new-orleans-hard-rock-hotel-collapses-injuries}}</ref>
*  2022   &ndash; [[2022 Bratislava shooting]], killing 3 (including the perpetrator) and injuring one. The shooting occurred outside of a gay bar in Bratislava known as Tepláreň. Two people (excluding the perpetrator) died as a result of the shooting. Juraj Vankulič, a non-binary person, and Matúš Horváth, a bisexual man. The perpetrator (Juraj Krajčík) was found dead due to a self inflicted gunshot the morning after the attack.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-13 |title=Slovakia: Two dead after shooting outside LGBT bar |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63239523 |access-date=2024-11-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref>