Editing October 16 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[456]] &ndash; [[Ricimer]] defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.<ref>[[John of Antioch (chronicler)|John of Antioch]], fragment 202; translated by C.D. Gordon, ''Age of Attila'', p. 116</ref>
* [[690]] &ndash; Empress [[Wu Zetian]] ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
* [[912]] &ndash; [[Abd ar-Rahman III]] becomes the eighth Emir of Córdoba.<ref name="EB">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2010|title='Abd ar-Rahman III|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|location=Chicago, IL|edition=15th|volume=I: A–Ak – Bayes|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/17 17–18]|isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/17}}</ref>
* [[955]] &ndash; King Otto I [[Battle on the Raxa|defeats]] a Slavic revolt in what is now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
*[[1311]] &ndash; The [[Council of Vienne]] convenes for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15423a.htm|title=Catholic Encyclopedia : Council of Vienne (1311–12)|website=www.newadvent.org|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>
*[[1384]] &ndash; [[Jadwiga of Poland|Jadwiga]] is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frost |first=Robert I. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880557774 |title=The Oxford history of Poland-Lithuania |date=2015 |isbn=978-0-19-820869-3 |edition=1st |location=Oxford, UK |oclc=880557774}}</ref>
*[[1590]] &ndash; Prince [[Carlo Gesualdo|Gesualdo]] of Venosa murders his wife and her lover.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ober |first=W. B. |date=1973 |title=Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa: murder, madrigals, and masochism. |journal=Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine |volume=49 |issue=7 |pages=634–645 |issn=0028-7091 |pmc=1807043 |pmid=4575970}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1736]] &ndash; Mathematician [[William Whiston]]'s predicted comet fails to strike the Earth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201511/physicshistory.cfm|title=This Month in Physics History|language=en|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>
*[[1780]] &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The British-led [[Royalton raid]] is the last Native American raid on New England.
*  1780   &ndash; The [[Great Hurricane of 1780]] finishes after its sixth day, killing between 20,000 and 24,000 residents of the Lesser Antilles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml?|title=The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996|website=www.nhc.noaa.gov|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>
*[[1793]] &ndash; French Revolution: Queen [[Marie Antoinette]] is executed.
*  1793   &ndash; War of the First Coalition: French victory at the [[Battle of Wattignies]] forces Austria to raise the siege of Maubeuge.
*[[1805]] &ndash; War of the Third Coalition: Napoleon [[Battle of Ulm|surrounds]] the Austrian army at Ulm.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Ulm|title=Battle of Ulm {{!}} German history|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-10-16|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1813]] &ndash; The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon in the four-day [[Battle of Leipzig]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1813 and the lead up to the Battle of Leipzig |url=https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/timelines/1813-and-the-lead-up-to-the-battle-of-leipzig/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=napoleon.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[1817]] &ndash; Italian explorer and archaeologist [[Giovanni Belzoni]], uncovered the [[Tomb of Seti I]] in the [[Valley of the Kings]].<ref>{{cite web|title=KV17 (Tomb of Seti I)|url=https://madainproject.com/kv17_(tomb_of_seti_i)|publisher=Madain Project – Abrahamic History and Archaeology|access-date=10 October 2023|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1817]] &ndash; Simón Bolívar sentences [[Manuel Piar]] to death for challenging the racial-caste in Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blackpast.org/gah/piar-manuel-carlos-1782-1817|title=Piar, Manuel Carlos (1782–1817) {{!}} The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed|website=blackpast.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-16|date=2009-08-18}}</ref>
*[[1834]] &ndash; Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London [[Burning of Parliament|burns to the ground]].
*[[1836]] &ndash; Great Trek: Afrikaner voortrekkers [[Battle of Vegkop|repulse]] a Matabele attack, but lose their livestock.
*[[1841]] &ndash; [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] is founded in the Province of Canada.
*[[1843]] &ndash; [[William Rowan Hamilton]] invents [[quaternion]]s, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.
*[[1846]] &ndash; [[William T. G. Morton]] administers ether anesthesia during a surgical operation.
*[[1859]] &ndash; [[Origins of the American Civil War]]: [[Abolitionism in the United States|Abolitionist]] [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] and his supporters [[John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry|launch a raid]] on [[Harpers Ferry, Virginia]] (now West Virginia).<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Faust |first1=Drew Gilpin |title=The Men Who Started the War |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2023/12/harpers-ferry-raid-john-brown-abolition/675814/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |magazine=The Atlantic |date=13 November 2023 |pages=83–89 |language=en |volume=332 |issue=5 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*[[1869]] &ndash; The [[Cardiff Giant]], one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".
*  1869   &ndash; [[Girton College, Cambridge]] is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.
*[[1875]] &ndash; [[Brigham Young University]] is founded in Provo, Utah.
*[[1882]] &ndash; The [[New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad|Nickel Plate Railroad]] opens for business.
*[[1891]] &ndash;  A [[Baltimore crisis|diplomatic incident]] between the [[United States]] and [[Chile]] occurred after U.S. sailors were attacked in [[Valparaíso]], nearly leading to war.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Today in Naval History : October 16 |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/today-in-history/october-16.html |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=Naval History and Heritage Command |language=en-US}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1905]] &ndash; The [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Partition of Bengal]] in India takes place.
*[[1909]] &ndash; [[William Howard Taft]] and [[Porfirio Díaz]] hold the first summit between a U.S. and a Mexican president. They narrowly escape assassination.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carletta|first1=David M.|last2=Harris|first2=Charles H.|date=2010|title=Review of The Secret War in EI Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906–1920, Charles H. Harris III|journal=International Social Science Review|volume=85|issue=3/4|pages=153–155|jstor=41887460}}</ref>
*[[1916]] &ndash; [[Margaret Sanger]] opens the first family planning clinic in the United States.
*[[1919]] &ndash; Adolf Hitler delivers his first public address at a meeting of the [[German Workers' Party]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barnes |first1=James J.|last2=Barnes |first2=Patience P.|last3=Carey |first3=Arthur E.|date=1986|title=An English Translation of Hitler's 'Mein Kampf' Printed in Germany, ca. 1940|journal=The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America|volume=80|issue=3|pages=374–377|jstor=24303851|doi=10.1086/pbsa.80.3.24303851|s2cid=192972565}}</ref>
*[[1923]] &ndash; [[Walt Disney]] and his brother, [[Roy O. Disney|Roy]], found the ''Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio'', today known as [[The Walt Disney Company]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney History|publisher=[[The Walt Disney Company]]|url=https://d23.com/disney-history/|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1934]] &ndash; Chinese Communists begin the [[Long March]] to escape Nationalist encirclement.
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[No. 603 Squadron RAF]] intercepts the first Luftwaffe raid on Britain.
*[[1940]] &ndash; Holocaust in Poland: The [[Warsaw Ghetto]] is established.
*[[1943]] &ndash; Holocaust in Italy: [[Raid on the Roman Ghetto]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plato |first1=Alexander von |last2=Leh |first2=Almut |last3=Thonfeld |first3=Christoph |title=Hitler's Slaves: Life Stories of Forced Labourers in Nazi-Occupied Europe |date= 2010 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-84545-990-1 |page=312 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUjRhscAaToC&pg=PA312 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1946]] &ndash; [[Nuremberg trials]]: Ten defendants found guilty by the International Military Tribunal [[Nuremberg executions|are executed by hanging]].
*[[1947]] &ndash; The Philippines takes over the administration of the [[Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi|Turtle Islands]] and the [[Mangsee Islands]] from the United Kingdom.
*[[1949]] &ndash; The Greek Communist Party announces a "temporary cease-fire", thus ending the [[Greek Civil War]].
*[[1951]] &ndash; The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, [[Liaquat Ali Khan]], is assassinated in Rawalpindi.
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Cuba]]n revolutionary [[Fidel Castro]] delivers his "[[History Will Absolve Me]]" speech, and is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment by the [[Fulgencio Batista]] government for leading an [[attack on the Moncada Barracks]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Volker|last=Skierka|title=Fidel Castro: A Biography|publisher=Polity Press|year=2004|page=36|isbn=0-7456-3006-5}}</ref>
*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] begins: U.S. President John F. Kennedy is informed of photos taken on October 14 by a U-2 showing nuclear missiles (the crisis will last for 13 days starting from this point).
*[[1964]] &ndash; China detonates its [[Project 596|first nuclear weapon]].
*  1964   &ndash; [[Leonid Brezhnev]] becomes leader of the Soviet Communist Party, while [[Alexei Kosygin]] becomes the head of government.
*[[1968]] &ndash; Tommie Smith and John Carlos are ejected from the US Olympic team for participating in the [[1968 Olympics Black Power salute|Olympics Black Power salute]].
*  1968   &ndash; Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the [[Rodney riots]], inspired by the barring of [[Walter Rodney]] from the country.
*  1968   &ndash; [[Yasunari Kawabata]] becomes the first Japanese person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
*[[1970]] &ndash; Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invokes the [[War Measures Act]] during the [[October Crisis]].
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Henry Kissinger]] and [[Lê Đức Thọ]] are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
*[[1975]] &ndash; Indonesian troops kill the [[Balibo Five]], a group of Australian journalists, in Portuguese Timor.
*  1975   &ndash; Three-year-old [[Rahima Banu]], from Bangladesh, is the last known case of naturally occurring smallpox.
*  1975   &ndash; The Australian Coalition sparks a [[1975 Australian constitutional crisis|constitutional crisis]] when they vote to defer funding for the government's annual budget.
*[[1978]] &ndash; Cardinal Karol Wojtyła is [[October 1978 papal conclave|elected]] to the papacy as [[Pope John Paul II]], he becomes the first non-Italian pontiff since 1523.
*[[1984]] &ndash; [[Desmond Tutu]] is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
*[[1991]] &ndash; George Hennard [[Luby's shooting|runs amok]] in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 and wounding 20.
*[[1995]] &ndash; The [[Million Man March]] takes place in Washington, D.C. About 837,000 attend.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bu.edu/remotesensing/research/completed/million-man-march/ | title=Million Man March » Center for Remote Sensing » Boston University | access-date=2017-10-16 | archive-date=2017-10-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012211519/http://www.bu.edu/remotesensing/research/completed/million-man-march/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*  1995   &ndash; The [[Skye Bridge]] in Scotland is opened.
*[[1996]] &ndash; Eighty-four football fans die and 180 are injured in a massive [[Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores disaster|crush]] at [[Estadio Mateo Flores#The October 16 disaster|a match]] in Guatemala City.
*[[1998]] &ndash; Former Chilean dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]] is [[Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet|arrested]] in London on a murder extradition warrant.
*[[1999]] &ndash; The magnitude 7.1 [[1999 Hector Mine earthquake|Hector Mine earthquake]] strikes Southern California<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.1 – The 1999 Hector Mine, California Earthquake |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci9108652/origin/detail |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref>
*[[2002]] &ndash; The [[Bibliotheca Alexandrina]] opens in Egypt, commemorating the ancient library of Alexandria.
*[[2013]] &ndash; [[Lao Airlines Flight 301]] crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Ophelia (2017)|Storm Ophelia]] strikes the U.K. and Ireland causing major damage and power loss.
*[[2024]] &ndash; [[Yahya Sinwar]], leader of [[Hamas]], is killed in a firefight during the [[Gaza war]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bergman |first=Ronen |date=2024-10-17 |title=Surprise Battlefield Encounter Led to Hamas Leader's Death |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/17/world/middleeast/hamas-sinwar-gaza-israel.html |access-date=2024-10-24 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>