Editing October 19 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[202 BC]] &ndash; [[Second Punic War]]: At the [[Battle of Zama]], Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage.
* [[439]] &ndash; The Vandals, led by King [[Gaiseric]], take Carthage in North Africa.
*[[1386]] &ndash; The [[Heidelberg University|Universität Heidelberg]] holds its first lecture, making it the oldest German university.
*[[1453]] &ndash; [[Hundred Years' War]]: Three months after the [[Battle of Castillon]], England loses its last possessions in southern France.
*[[1466]] &ndash; The [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)|Thirteen Years' War]] between Poland and the Teutonic Order ends with the [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)|Second Treaty of Thorn]].
*[[1469]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] marries [[Isabella I of Castile]], a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
*[[1512]] &ndash; [[Martin Luther]] becomes a doctor of theology.
*[[1579]] &ndash; [[James VI of Scotland]] is celebrated as an adult ruler by a [[Entry of James VI into Edinburgh|festival in Edinburgh]].<ref>Martin Wiggins, Catherine Richardson, ''British Drama 1533–1642: A Catalogue: Volume II: 1567–1589'' (Oxford, 2012), pp. 242–244.</ref>
*[[1596]] &ndash; The Spanish ship ''[[San Felipe incident (1596)|San Felipe]]'' runs aground on the coast of Japan and its cargo is confiscated by local authorities.

===1601–1900===
*[[1649]] &ndash; [[New Ross|New Ross town]] in Ireland surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
*[[1781]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: The [[siege of Yorktown]] comes to an end.
*[[1789]] &ndash; [[John Jay]] is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.
*[[1791]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Drottningholm]], between Sweden and Russia<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anusik |first1=Zbigniew |title=The Commonwealth of Poland towards Russia in the final stage of the Great Diet (1791–1792) |journal=Przegląd Nauk Historycznych |date=5 November 2017 |volume=16 |issue=3 |page=104 |doi=10.18778/1644-857X.16.03.03 |access-date=21 November 2023|url=https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/300952.pdf}}</ref>
*[[1805]] &ndash; War of the Third Coalition: Austrian General Mack surrenders his army to Napoleon at the [[Battle of Ulm]].
*[[1812]] &ndash; The [[French invasion of Russia]] fails when Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow.
*[[1813]] &ndash; War of the Sixth Coalition: Napoleon is forced to retreat from Germany after the [[Battle of Leipzig]].
*[[1847]] &ndash; The novel ''[[Jane Eyre]]'' is published in London.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results/1847-10-13?NewspaperTitle=Daily%2BNews%2B(London)&IssueId=BL%2F0000051%2F18471013%2F&County=London%2C%20England |title=On Tuesday next will be published, and may be had at all the libraries, Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. Edited by Currer Bell. 3 vols, post 8vo. London: Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill. |newspaper=Daily News|page=1| date=13 October 1847}}</ref>
*[[1864]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Cedar Creek]] ends the last Confederate threat to Washington, DC.
*  1864   &ndash; American Civil War: Confederate agents based in Canada [[St. Albans Raid|rob three banks]] in Saint Albans, Vermont.
*[[1866]] &ndash; In accordance with the [[Treaty of Vienna (1866)|Treaty of Vienna]], Austria cedes Veneto and Mantua to France, which immediately awards them to Italy in exchange for the earlier Italian acquiescence to the French annexation of Savoy and Nice.
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Max Planck]] discovers [[Planck's law]] of black-body radiation.

===1901–present===
*[[1912]] &ndash; [[Italo-Turkish War]]: Italy takes possession of what is now Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The [[First Battle of Ypres]] begins.
*[[1921]] &ndash; The Portuguese Prime Minister and several officials are murdered in the [[Bloody Night (Lisbon, 1921)|Bloody Night]] coup.
*[[1922]] &ndash; British Conservative MPs vote to terminate the [[Lloyd George ministry|coalition government]] with the Liberal Party. 
*[[1935]] &ndash; The League of Nations places economic sanctions on Italy for its [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|invasion of Ethiopia]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; The cargo vessel [[MS Sinfra|''Sinfra'']] is attacked by Allied aircraft at Crete and sunk. Two thousand and ninety-eight Italian prisoners of war drown with it.
*  1943   &ndash; [[Streptomycin]], the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
*[[1944]] &ndash; United States forces [[Battle of Leyte|land in the Philippines]].
*  1944   &ndash; A coup is launched against [[Juan Federico Ponce Vaides]], beginning the ten-year [[Guatemalan Revolution]].
*[[1950]] &ndash; China [[Battle of Chamdo|defeats the Tibetan Army]] at Chambo.
*  1950   &ndash; [[Korean War]]: The [[Battle of Pyongyang (1950)|Battle of Pyongyang]] ends in a United Nations victory. Hours later, the Chinese Army begins crossing the border into Korea.
*  1950   &ndash; Iran becomes the first country to accept technical assistance from the United States under the [[Point Four Program]].
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Ray Bradbury]]'s ''[[Fahrenheit 451]]'' is published.<ref>{{cite journal|date=October 19, 1953|title=Books Published Today|journal=[[The New York Times]]|page=19}}</ref>
*[[1955]] &ndash; The General Assembly of the European Broadcasting Union [[History of the Eurovision Song Contest|approves the staging]] of the first Eurovision Song Contest.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roxburgh |first1=Gordon |title=A diamond day for the Eurovision Song Contest |url=https://eurovision.tv/story/a-diamond-day-for-the-eurovision-song-contest |website=eurovision.tv |publisher=[[European Broadcasting Union]] |access-date=24 February 2021 |date=19 October 2015}}</ref>
*[[1956]] &ndash; The Soviet Union and Japan sign a [[Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956|Joint Declaration]], officially ending the state of war between the two countries that had existed since August 1945.
*[[1960]] &ndash; The United States imposes a [[United States embargo against Cuba|near-total trade embargo]] against Cuba.
*[[1973]] &ndash; President Nixon rejects an Appeals Court decision that he turn over the [[Watergate tapes]].
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Niue Constitution Act|Niue becomes]] a self-governing colony of New Zealand.
*[[1986]] &ndash; The president of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, along with 33 others, die when their aircraft [[1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash|crashes]] into the Lebombo Mountains.
*[[1987]] &ndash; The United States Navy conducts [[Operation Nimble Archer]], an attack on two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf.
*  1987   &ndash; [[Black Monday (1987)|Black Monday]]: The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points.
*[[1988]] &ndash; The British government imposes a [[1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions|broadcasting ban]] on television and radio interviews with members of Sinn Féin and eleven Irish republican and Ulster loyalist paramilitary groups.
*[[1989]] &ndash; The convictions of the [[Guildford Four]] are quashed by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, after they had spent 15 years in prison.
*[[2001]] &ndash; ''[[SIEV X]]'', an Indonesian fishing boat en route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 migrants, sinks in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Mother Teresa]] is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
*[[2004]] &ndash; Thirteen people are killed when [[Corporate Airlines Flight 5966]] crashes in [[Adair County, Missouri]], while on approach to [[Kirksville Regional Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace 3201 Jetstream 32EP N875JX Kirksville Regional Airport, MO (IRK)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20041019-0|access-date=2020-10-08|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; [[Saddam Hussein]] [[Trial of Saddam Hussein|goes on trial]] in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
*  2005   &ndash; [[Hurricane Wilma]] becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
*[[2012]] &ndash; A [[October 2012 Beirut bombing|bomb explosion]] kills eight people and injures 110 more in Lebanon.
*[[2013]] &ndash; One hundred and five people are injured in a [[2013 Buenos Aires train crash|train crash]] in Buenos Aires.
*[[2019]] &ndash; Members of Parliament met at the [[House of Lords]] to discuss the United Kingdom's Brexit deal, this was the first Saturday sitting in Parliament since 3 April 1982 during the [[Falklands War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2019/october/lords-sitting-saturday-19-october/ |title=House of Lords Brexit debate: Saturday 19 October |date=19 October 2019 |website=parliament.uk |access-date=22 January 2023}}</ref>