Editing October 21 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1096]] &ndash; A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the [[People's Crusade]] at the [[Battle of Civetot]].
*[[1097]] &ndash; [[First Crusade]]: Crusaders led by [[Godfrey of Bouillon]], [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemund of Taranto]], and [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse]], begin the [[Siege of Antioch]].
*[[1392]] &ndash; Japanese [[Emperor Go-Kameyama]] abdicates in favor of rival claimant [[Emperor Go-Komatsu|Go-Komatsu]].
*[[1512]] &ndash; [[Martin Luther]] joins the theological faculty of the [[Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg|University of Wittenberg]].
*  1520   &ndash; [[João Álvares Fagundes]] discovers the islands of [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]], bestowing them their original name of "Islands of the 11,000 Virgins".
*[[1600]] &ndash; [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] and becomes shōgun of Japan.

===1601–1900===
*[[1774]] &ndash; The [[flag of Taunton, Massachusetts]] is the first to include the word "Liberty".
*[[1797]] &ndash; In [[Boston Harbor]], the 44-gun [[United States Navy]] frigate {{USS|Constitution}} is launched.
*[[1805]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: A British fleet led by [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Lord Nelson]] defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet under [[Pierre-Charles Villeneuve|Admiral Villeneuve]] in the [[Battle of Trafalgar]].
*[[1824]] &ndash; [[Portland cement]] is patented.
*[[1854]] &ndash; [[Florence Nightingale]] and a staff of 38 nurses are sent to the [[Crimean War]].
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: Union forces under Colonel [[Edward D. Baker|Edward Baker]] are [[Battle of Ball's Bluff|defeated]] by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. 
*[[1867]] &ndash; The [[Medicine Lodge Treaty]] is signed by southern [[Plains Indians|Great Plains Indian]] leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in the western [[Indian Territory]].
*[[1879]] &ndash; [[Thomas Edison]] applies for a patent for his design for an [[incandescent light bulb]]. 
*[[1888]] &ndash; The [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Swiss Social Democratic Party]] is founded.
*[[1892]] &ndash; Opening ceremonies for the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] are held in Chicago, though because construction was behind schedule, the exposition did not open until May 1, 1893.
*[[1895]] &ndash; The [[capitulation of Tainan]] completes the Japanese conquest of Taiwan.

===1901–present===
*[[1907]] &ndash; The [[1907 Qaratog earthquake]] hits the borders of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, killing between 12,000 and 15,000 people.
*[[1910]] &ndash; {{HMS|Niobe|1897|6}} arrives in [[Halifax Harbour]] to become the first ship of the [[Royal Canadian Navy]].
*[[1912]] &ndash; [[First Balkan War]]: The Greek navy [[Battle of Lemnos (1912)|completes the capture]] of the island of [[Lemnos]] for use as a forward base against the [[Dardanelles]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Επίτομη Ιστορία των Βαλκανικών Πολέμων 1912-1913 | trans-title = Concise History of the Balkan Wars 1912–1913 | publisher = Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate | location = Athens | year = 1987 | pages=119–120}}</ref>
*[[1921]] &ndash; President [[Warren G. Harding]] delivers the first speech by a sitting U.S. president against [[Lynching in the United States|lynching]] in the [[Deep South]].
*[[1931]] &ndash; A secret society in the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] launches an abortive [[October incident|coup d'état attempt]].
*[[1940]] &ndash; The first edition of the [[Ernest Hemingway]] novel ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'' is published.
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Kragujevac massacre]] against Serbian men and boys takes place.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lampe |first=John R. |author-link=John R. Lampe |year=2000 |orig-year=1996 |edition=2nd |title=Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, England |isbn=978-0-521-77401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZ1x7gvwx_8C}}</ref>
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Azad Hind|Provisional Government of Free India]] is formally established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese-occupied Singapore]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: The first kamikaze attack damages {{HMAS|Australia|D84|6}} as the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] begins.
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: The [[Nemmersdorf massacre]] against German civilians takes place.
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: The city of [[Battle of Aachen|Aachen falls]] to American forces after three weeks of fighting, the first German city to fall to the Allies.
*[[1945]] &ndash; In the [[1945 French legislative election]] French women vote for the first time. 
*[[1950]] &ndash; Korean War: Heavy fighting begins between British and Australian forces and North Koreans during the [[Battle of Yongju]].
*[[1956]] &ndash; The [[Mau Mau rebellion|Mau Mau Uprising]] in Kenya is defeated.
*[[1959]] &ndash; In New York City, the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] opens to the public.
*  1959   &ndash; President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] approves the transfer of all [[United States Army|US Army]] space-related activities to [[NASA]], including most of the [[Army Ballistic Missile Agency]].
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Comet Ikeya–Seki]] approaches perihelion, passing 450,000 kilometers (279,617 miles) from the sun.
*[[1966]] &ndash; A colliery spoil tip [[Aberfan disaster|slips onto houses and a school in the village of Aberfan]] in Wales, killing 144 people, 116 of whom were schoolchildren.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aberfan: The mistake that cost a village its children |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-150d11df-c541-44a9-9332-560a19828c47 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; The [[National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam]] organizes a march of fifty thousand people from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon.
*[[1969]] &ndash; The [[1969 Somali coup d'état]] establishes a Marxist–Leninist administration.
*[[1971]] &ndash; A [[Clarkston explosion|gas explosion]] kills 22 people at a shopping centre near Glasgow, Scotland.
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Fred Dryer]] of the Los Angeles Rams becomes the first player in NFL history to score two safeties in the same game.
*[[1978]] &ndash; Australian civilian pilot [[Disappearance of Frederick Valentich|Frederick Valentich vanishes]] over the [[Bass Strait]] south of [[Melbourne]], after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft.<ref name=CSICOP>{{cite web |last=Nickell |first=Joe |title=The Valentich Disappearance: Another UFO Cold Case Solved|url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/the_valentich_disappearance_another_ufo_cold_case_solved |work=Volume 37.6, November/December 2013 |date=November 2013 |publisher=Committee for Skeptical Inquiry|access-date=14 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Moshe Dayan]] resigns from the Israeli government because of strong disagreements with Prime Minister [[Menachem Begin]] over policy towards the Arabs.
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Andreas Papandreou]] becomes Prime Minister of Greece, ending an almost 50-year-long system of power dominated by conservative forces.
*[[1983]] &ndash; The [[metre]] is defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.
*[[1984]] &ndash; [[Niki Lauda]] claims his third and final [[Formula One]] [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Drivers' Championship Title]] by half a point ahead of [[McLaren]] team-mate [[Alain Prost]] at the [[1984 Portuguese Grand Prix|Portuguese Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=1984 Portuguese Grand Prix race report|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/november-1984/76/another-mclaren-double|access-date=2021-05-17|website=Motor Sport Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[1986]] &ndash; In Lebanon, pro-Iran kidnappers claim to have [[Lebanon hostage crisis|abducted]] American writer Edward Tracy (he is released in August 1991).
*[[1987]] &ndash; The [[Jaffna hospital massacre]] is carried out by Indian peacekeeping forces in Sri Lanka, killing 70 Tamil patients, doctors and nurses.
*[[1989]] &ndash; In [[Honduras]], 131 people are killed when a [[Boeing 727]] [[TAN-SAHSA Flight 414|crashes]] on approach to [[Toncontín International Airport]] near the nation's capital [[Tegucigalpa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-224 N88705 Tegucigalpa-Toncontin Airport (TGU)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19891021-0|access-date=2021-10-21|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1994]] &ndash; North Korea and the United States sign an [[Agreed Framework]] that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.
*  1994 &ndash; In Seoul, South Korea, 32 people are killed when a span of the [[Seongsu Bridge disaster|Seongsu Bridge collapses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nema.go.kr/eng/m4_seongsu.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060303221333/http://nema.go.kr/eng/m4_seongsu.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-03-03|title=Collapse of Seongsu Bridge|publisher=National Emergency Management Agency|date=2006|access-date=March 3, 2006}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; Images of the dwarf planet [[136199 Eris|Eris]] are taken and subsequently used in documenting its discovery.
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Iraq War]]: President [[Barack Obama]] announces that the [[Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)|withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq]] will be complete by the end of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-07|title=Barack Obama - Key Events {{!}} Miller Center|url=https://millercenter.org/president/barack-obama/key-events|access-date=2022-01-11|website=millercenter.org|language=en}}</ref> 
*[[2019]] &ndash; Thirty people are killed in a fiery bus crash in western [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>{{cite web|website=AA, World, Africa|title=30 killed in bus accident in western DR Congo|date=Oct 21, 2019|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/30-killed-in-bus-accident-in-western-dr-congo/1620656}}</ref>
*  2019   &ndash; In [[Canada]], the [[2019 Canadian federal election]] ends, resulting in incumbent Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] remaining in office, albeit with the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] in a [[minority government]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Connolly|first=Amanda|date=21 October 2019|title=Justin Trudeau's Liberals will form a minority government|work=Global News|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6061385/federal-election-2019-result/|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Brewster|first=Murray|date=22 October 2019|title=The voting is over, now the hard part begins for a minority government|work=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-minority-government-function-1.5329358|access-date=20 October 2021}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; A [[Rust shooting incident|shooting]] occurs on the set of the film ''[[Rust (2024 film)|Rust]]'', in which actor [[Alec Baldwin]] discharged a prop weapon which had been loaded, killing the director of photography, [[Halyna Hutchins]], and injuring director [[Joel Souza]].<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |last1=Franklin |first1=Jonathan |last2=Diaz |first2=Jaclyn |date=2021-10-21 |title=A prop gun discharged by Alec Baldwin killed a film crew member on set, sheriff says |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/10/21/1048246249/woman-killed-alec-baldwin-film-prop-firearm-new-mexico |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>