Editing October 31 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[475]] &ndash; [[Romulus Augustulus]] is proclaimed [[Western Roman Emperor]].
* [[683]] &ndash; During the [[Siege of Mecca (683)|Siege of Mecca]], the [[Kaaba]] catches fire and is burned down.
* [[802]] &ndash; Empress [[Irene of Athens|Irene]] is deposed and banished to [[Lesbos]]. Conspirators place [[Nikephoros I|Nikephoros]], the minister of finance, on the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] throne.
* [[932]] &ndash; [[Abbasid caliph]] [[al-Muqtadir]] is killed while fighting against the forces of general [[Mu'nis al-Muzaffar]]. Al-Muqtadir's brother [[al-Qahir]] is chosen to succeed him.
*[[1517]] &ndash; [[Protestant Reformation]]: [[Martin Luther]] posts his [[95 Theses]] on the door of the [[All Saints' Church, Wittenberg|Castle Church]] in [[Wittenberg]].
*[[1587]] &ndash; [[Leiden University Library]] opens its doors after its founding in [[1575]].

===1601–1900===
*[[1822]] &ndash; Emperor [[Agustín de Iturbide]] attempts to dissolve the Congress of the [[First Mexican Empire|Mexican Empire]].
*[[1837]] &ndash; Approximately 300 [[Muscogee]] die in the [[Steamboat Monmouth disaster|steamboat ''Monmouth'' disaster]] on the [[Trail of Tears]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Howland |first=S. A. |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011212872 |title=Steamboat disasters and railroad accidents in the United States. |date=1846 |publisher=W. Lazell |location=Worcester |pages=97–98 |language=en-us}}</ref>
*[[1863]] &ndash; The [[New Zealand Wars]] resume as [[British Empire|British]] forces in New Zealand led by General [[Duncan Cameron (British Army officer)|Duncan Cameron]] begin their [[Invasion of the Waikato]].
*[[1864]] &ndash; [[Nevada]] is admitted as the 36th [[U.S. state]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rocha |first1=Guy |title=Did the Union need Nevada's votes and silver to win the war? Separating fact from fiction |url=https://www.rgj.com/story/life/2021/10/18/nevadas-push-statehood-fact-vs-fiction-civil-war/8507333002/ |work=Reno Gazette Journal |date=18 October 2021}}</ref>
*[[1895]] &ndash; The strongest earthquake in the Midwestern United States since 1812 [[1895 Charleston earthquake|strikes near Charleston, Missouri]], causing damage and killing at least two.<ref name="Martin19">{{cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Stacey S. |last2=Hough |first2=Susan E. |title=Where was the 31 October 1895 Charleston, Missouri, Earthquake? |journal=[[Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America]] |date=2019 |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=1479–1497|doi=10.1785/0120180328 |bibcode=2019BuSSA.109.1479M |s2cid=182215021 }}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1903]] &ndash; The [[Purdue Wreck]], a railroad train collision in [[Indianapolis]], kills 17 people, including 14 players of the [[Purdue University]] football team.
*[[1907]] &ndash; The [[Parliament of Finland]] approved the [[Prohibition#Nordic countries|Prohibition Act]], but the law was not implemented because it was not ratified by Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]].<ref>{{cite book| author=Vihtori Karpio| title=Raittiuden ystävät 1883–1933|pages=154, 157, 400, 403|publisher=Gummerus| location=Jyväskylä| year=1938|language=fi}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Viljo Hytönen| title=Suomen raittiusliikkeen historia|pages=266–267 |publisher=WSOY| location=Porvoo| year=1930| language=fi}}</ref>
*[[1913]] &ndash; Dedication of the [[Lincoln Highway]], the first automobile highway across United States.
*  1913   &ndash; The [[Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913|Indianapolis Streetcar Strike and subsequent riot]] begins.
*[[1917]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: [[Battle of Beersheba (1917)|Battle of Beersheba]]: The "last successful cavalry charge in history".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Preston |first1=Richard Martin Peter |title=The Desert mounted corps; an account of the cavalry operations in Palestine and Syria, 1917-1918 |date=1921 |publisher=Constable and company ltd. |location=London |page=18 |url=https://archive.org/details/desertmountedco00presgoog/page/n48/mode/2up}}</ref>
*[[1918]] &ndash; World War I: The [[Aster Revolution]] terminates the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]], and Hungary achieves full sovereignty.
*[[1922]] &ndash; [[Benito Mussolini]] is made [[Prime Minister of Italy]].
*[[1923]] &ndash; The first of 160 consecutive days of 100° [[Fahrenheit]] at [[Marble Bar, Western Australia]].
*[[1924]] &ndash; [[World Savings Day]] is announced in [[Milan]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] by the Members of the Association at the 1st International [[Savings Bank]] Congress (World Society of Savings Banks).
*[[1938]] &ndash; [[Great Depression]]: In an effort to restore investor confidence, the [[New York Stock Exchange]] unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Britain]] ends, causing Germany to abandon [[Operation Sea Lion]].
*[[1941]] &ndash; After 14 years of work, [[Mount Rushmore]] is completed.
*  1941   &ndash; World War II: The destroyer {{USS|Reuben James|DD-245|6}} is torpedoed by a [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[U-boat]] near [[Iceland]], killing more than 100 U.S. Navy sailors. It is the first U.S. Navy vessel sunk by enemy action in WWII.
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: An [[F4U Corsair]] accomplishes the first successful [[radar]]-guided interception by a [[United States Navy]] or [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] aircraft.
*[[1956]] &ndash; [[Suez Crisis]]: The United Kingdom and France begin bombing [[Republic of Egypt (1953–58)|Egypt]] to force the reopening of the [[Suez Canal]].
*  1956   &ndash; [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]]: A Revolutionary Headquarters is established in Hungary. Following [[Imre Nagy]]'s announcement of October 30, banned non-Communist political parties are reformed, and the [[Hungarian Working People's Party|MDP]] is replaced by the [[MSZMP]].  [[József Mindszenty]] is released from prison. The [[Soviet Politburo]] makes the decision to crush the Revolution. 
*[[1961]] &ndash; In the [[Soviet Union]], [[Joseph Stalin]]'s body is removed from [[Lenin's Mausoleum]], also known as the Lenin Tomb.
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[1963 Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion|Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion]]: A [[gas explosion]] at the [[Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum]] in Indianapolis kills 81 people and injures another 400 during an ice show.
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]] [[October surprise]]: Citing progress with the Paris peace talks, US President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] announces to the nation that he has ordered a complete cessation of "all air, naval, and artillery bombardment of [[North Vietnam]]" effective [[November 1]].
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape]]. Three [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] members escape from [[Mountjoy Prison]], [[Dublin]] aboard a hijacked helicopter that landed in the exercise yard.
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Western Airlines Flight 2605]] crashes on landing in [[Mexico City]], killing 73 people.
*[[1984]] &ndash; Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] is [[assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassinated]] by two Sikh security guards. [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|Riots break out]] in New Delhi and other cities and around 3,000 Sikhs are killed.
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[American Eagle Flight 4184]] crashes near [[Roselawn, Indiana]] killing all 68 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941031-1|title=ASN Aircraft accident ATR 72-212 N401AM Roselawn, IN|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref>
*[[1996]] &ndash; [[TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402]] crashes in [[São Paulo, Brazil]], killing 99 people.
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Iraq disarmament crisis]] begins: [[Iraq]] announces it would no longer cooperate with [[United Nations]] weapons inspectors.
*[[1999]] &ndash; [[Yachtsman]] [[Jesse Martin]] returns to [[Melbourne]] after 11 months of [[circumnavigation|circumnavigating]] the world, solo, non-stop and unassisted.
*  1999   &ndash; [[EgyptAir Flight 990]] crashes into the Atlantic Ocean near Nantucket, killing all 217 people on board.
*[[2000]] &ndash; [[Soyuz TM-31]] launches, carrying the first resident crew to the [[International Space Station]]. The ISS has been crewed continuously since then.
*  2000   &ndash; [[Singapore Airlines Flight 006]] crashes on takeoff from [[Taipei]], killing 83. 
*[[2002]] &ndash; A federal grand jury in [[Houston, Texas]] indicts former [[Enron]] chief financial officer [[Andrew Fastow]] on 78 counts of [[wire fraud]], [[money laundering]], [[Conspiracy (criminal)|conspiracy]] and [[obstruction of justice]] related to the collapse of his ex-employer.
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Mahathir Mohamad]] resigns as [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] and is replaced by Deputy Prime Minister [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]], marking an end to Mahathir's 22 years in power.
*[[2011]] &ndash; The [[global population]] of humans reaches seven billion. This day is now recognized by the [[United Nations]] as the [[Day of Seven Billion]].
*[[2014]] &ndash; During a test flight, the [[VSS Enterprise|VSS ''Enterprise'']], a [[Virgin Galactic]] experimental spaceflight test vehicle, suffers a [[Catastrophic failure|catastrophic in-flight breakup]] and [[VSS Enterprise crash|crashes]] in the [[Mojave Desert]], [[California]].
*[[2015]] &ndash; [[Metrojet Flight 9268]] is bombed over the northern [[Sinai Peninsula]], killing all 224 people on board.
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[2017 New York City truck attack|A truck drives into a crowd]] in [[Lower Manhattan]], New York City, killing eight people.
*[[2020]] &ndash; [[Berlin Brandenburg Airport]] opens its doors after nearly 10 years of delays due to construction issues and project corruption.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/berlin-brandenburg-airport-open-passengers-b1478119.html|title=Berlin's new airport welcomes its first passengers – nine years late|date=October 31, 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref>