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==Events== ===Pre-1600=== *[[105 BC]] – [[Cimbrian War]]: Defeat at the [[Battle of Arausio]] of the [[Roman army of the mid-Republic]] *[[69 BC]] – [[Third Mithridatic War]]: The [[Roman army of the late Republic|military]] of the [[Roman Republic]] [[Battle of Tigranocerta|subdue Armenia]]. *[[AD 23]] – Rebels decapitate [[Wang Mang]] two days after his capital was sacked during a [[Lulin|peasant rebellion]]. *[[AD 404|404]] – [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] Empress [[Aelia Eudoxia|Eudoxia]] dies from the miscarriage of her seventh pregnancy. * [[618]] – [[Transition from Sui to Tang]]: [[Wang Shichong]] decisively defeats [[Li Mi (Sui dynasty)|Li Mi]] at the [[Battle of Yanshi]]. *[[1539]] – Spain's [[De Soto Expedition|DeSoto expedition]] takes over the Apalachee capital of [[Anhaica]] for their winter quarters. *[[1600]] – ''[[Euridice (Peri)|Euridice]]'', the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance, beginning the [[Baroque|Baroque period]]. ===1601–1900=== *[[1683]] – Immigrant families found [[Germantown, Philadelphia|Germantown, Pennsylvania]] in the first major immigration of [[German Americans|German people to America]]. *[[1762]] – [[Seven Years' War]]: The British [[Battle of Manila (1762)|capture Manila]] from Spain and occupy it. *[[1777]] – [[American Revolutionary War]]: British forces [[Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery|capture Forts Clinton and Montgomery]] on the Hudson River. *[[1789]] – [[French Revolution]]: King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] is forced to change his residence from [[Versailles]] to the [[Tuileries Palace]]. *[[1810]] – A large fire destroys a third of all the buildings in the town of [[Raahe]] in the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://edu.raahe.fi/yhdistykset/matkailuoppaat/palokk.html | title = Ookko kuullu | work = Raahen matkailuoppaat ry | access-date = November 19, 2021 | language = fi}}</ref> *[[1849]] – The execution of [[the 13 Martyrs of Arad]] after the Hungarian war of independence. *[[1854]] – In England the [[Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead]] leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured. *[[1884]] – The [[Naval War College]] of the United States is founded in [[Rhode Island]]. *[[1898]] – [[Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia]], the largest American music fraternity, is founded at the [[New England Conservatory of Music]]. ===1901–present=== *[[1903]] – The [[High Court of Australia]] sits for the first time. *[[1908]] – The [[Bosnian crisis]] erupts when [[Austria-Hungary]] formally annexes [[Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. *[[1910]] – [[Eleftherios Venizelos]] is elected [[Prime Minister of Greece]] for the first of seven times. *[[1915]] – [[World War I]]: Combined Austro-Hungarian and German [[Central Powers]], reinforced by the recently joined [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] launched a new offensive against [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] under command of [[August von Mackensen]] .<ref>{{cite book|last=Falls|first=C.|title=Military Operations Macedonia: From the Outbreak of War to the Spring of 1917|publisher=[[HMSO]]|year=1996|isbn=0-89839-242-X|edition=Imperial War Museum and Battery Press|series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence|volume=I|location=London|pages=22–33|author-link=Cyril Falls|orig-year=1933}}</ref> * 1915 – [[World War I]]: [[Allies of World War I|Entente]] forces land in [[Thessaloniki]], to open the [[Macedonian front]] against the Central Powers.<ref name="petsinar20172">{{Cite book|last=Πετσιναρ|first=Αλεξάνδρα|year=2017|title=«O Εθνικός Γολγοθάς της Σερβίας και o Εθνικός Διχασμός της Ελλάδας». Οι δοκιμασίες των ελληνοσερβικών σχέσεων υπό το πρίσμα του ανταγωνισμού των Μεγάλων Δυνάμεων στην ανατολική Μεσόγειο και την Εγγύς Ανατολή (1915–1916)|url=https://www.imxa.gr/ebooks/files/Thessaloniki%20government_volume.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926144301/https://www.imxa.gr/ebooks/files/Thessaloniki%20government_volume.pdf|archive-date=2020-09-26|access-date=2020-09-26|website=Η ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ, Η ΚΟΡΥΦΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΓΚΡΟΥΣΗΣ ΔΥΟ ΚΟΣΜΩΝ, Η ιστορική αποτίμηση 100 χρόνια μετά|publisher=Ίδρυμα της Βουλής των Ελλήνων. Ίδρυμα Μελετών Χερσονήσου του Αίμου. Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ερευνών & Μελετών «Ελευθέριος Κ. Βενιζέλος»|page=56|language=el|type=conference proceedings|publication-place=Thessaloniki|isbn=978-960-93-9505-2}}</ref> *[[1920]] – [[Ukrainian War of Independence]]: The [[Starobilsk agreement]] is signed by representatives of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] and the [[Makhnovshchina]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Malet |first1=Michael |title=Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War |date=1982 |language=English |isbn=978-0-333-25969-6 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=[[London]] |oclc=8514426 |page=65}}</ref> *[[1923]] – The [[Turkish National Movement]] enters [[Constantinople]]. *[[1927]] – Opening of ''[[The Jazz Singer]]'', the first prominent "talkie" movie. *[[1934]] – [[Events of 6 October|Revolution of 1934]]: The [[President of the Government of Catalonia|President]] of the autonomous government of [[Catalonia]], [[Lluís Companys]], proclaims the [[Catalan State (1934)|Catalan State]] with the support of the [[Worker's Alliance]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pérez i Farràs|first1=Enric|title=Records del 6 d'octubre del 1934|journal=Full Català|date=October 1942|volume=2|issue=13|page=325|language=ca}}</ref> *[[1939]] – [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Kock (1939)|Battle of Kock]] is the final combat of the [[Invasion of Poland|September Campaign]] in Poland. *[[1942]] – World War II: American troops [[Actions along the Matanikau|force the Japanese from their positions]] east of the Matanikau River during the [[Guadalcanal campaign|Battle of Guadalcanal]]. *[[1943]] – World War II: Thirteen civilians are [[Burnings of Kali Sykia|burnt alive]] by a paramilitary group in Crete during the [[Axis occupation of Greece|Nazi occupation of Greece]]. *[[1944]] – World War II: Units of the [[1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the Soviet Union|1st Czechoslovak Army Corps]] enter [[Czechoslovakia]] during the [[Battle of the Dukla Pass]]. *[[1973]] – Egypt and Syria launch coordinated [[Operation Badr (1973)|attacks]] against Israel, beginning the [[Yom Kippur War]]. *[[1976]] – [[Cubana de Aviación Flight 455]] is destroyed by two bombs, placed on board by an anti-Castro militant group. * 1976 – Premier [[Hua Guofeng]] arrests the [[Gang of Four]], ending the [[Cultural Revolution]] in China. * 1976 – Dozens are killed by Thai police and right-wing paramilitaries in the [[6 October 1976 massacre|Thammasat University massacre]]; afterwards, the [[Seni Pramoj]] government is toppled in a military coup led by [[Sangad Chaloryu]]. *[[1977]] – The first prototype of the [[Mikoyan MiG-29]], designated 9-01, makes its maiden flight. *[[1979]] – [[Pope John Paul II]] becomes the first pontiff to visit the [[White House]]. *[[1981]] – Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat]] is [[Assassination of Anwar Sadat|murdered]] by Islamic extremists. * 1981 – [[NLM CityHopper Flight 431]] crashes in [[Moerdijk]] after taking off from [[Rotterdam The Hague Airport]] in the Netherlands, killing all 17 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 4000 PH-CHI Moerdijk|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19811006-0|access-date=2021-10-06|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> *[[1985]] – Police constable [[Murder of Keith Blakelock|Keith Blakelock is murdered]] as riots erupt in the Broadwater Farm suburb of London. *[[1987]] – [[Fiji]] becomes a republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/07/world/fiji-coup-leader-declares-republic.html|title=Fiji coup leader declares republic|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=7 October 1987|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> *[[1990]] – [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']] is launched on [[STS-41]], and deploys the [[Ulysses (spacecraft)|''Ulysses'']] space probe to study the [[Sun]]'s polar regions.<ref name="lsda_sts41">{{cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Abdul |date=June 10, 2020 |title=STS-41 |url=https://nlsp.nasa.gov/view/lsdapub/lsda_mission/IDP-LSDA_MISSION-0000000000000084 |access-date=February 6, 2022 |work=Life Science Data Archive |publisher=NASA}}</ref> *[[1995]] – The first planet orbiting another sun, [[51 Pegasi b]], is discovered. *[[2007]] – [[Jason Lewis (adventurer)|Jason Lewis]] completes the first human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth. *[[2010]] – [[Instagram]], a mainstream photo-sharing application, is founded. *[[2018]] – The [[United States Senate]] confirms [[Brett Kavanaugh]] as a [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court Associate Justice]], ending a [[Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination|contentious confirmation process]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-28|title=Donald Trump - Key Events {{!}} Miller Center|url=https://millercenter.org/president/trump/key-events|access-date=2022-01-11|website=millercenter.org|language=en}}</ref> *[[2022]] – [[Annie Ernaux]] is [[2022 Nobel Prize in Literature|awarded]] the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bryson Taylor |first=Derrick |title=2022 Nobel Prizes: The Full List |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/nobel-prizes-2022.html |access-date=2 November 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=10 October 2022}}</ref>
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