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October 7
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==Events== ===Pre-1600=== *[[3761 BC]] – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern [[Hebrew calendar]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Reingold | first = Edward | title = Calendrical calculations | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK & New York | year = 2001 | isbn = 9780521777520 | page=97}}</ref> *[[1403]] – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the [[Battle of Modon (1403)|Battle of Modon]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Hoornstra | first = David S. | chapter= Boucicaut Fils and the Great Hiatus|title= The Hundred Years War (Part 3) | publisher = Brill | location = Leiden, Boston | year = 2013 | isbn = 9789004245655 | page=131}}</ref> *[[1477]] – [[Uppsala University]] is inaugurated after receiving its corporate rights from [[Pope Sixtus IV]] in February the same year. *[[1513]] – War of the League of Cambrai: Spain [[Battle of La Motta (1513)|defeats]] Venice.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Norwich |first=John Julius |url= |title=A History of Venice |publisher=Vintage |year=1982 |isbn= |edition= |location=New York |pages=429 |oclc=}}</ref> *[[1571]] – The [[Battle of Lepanto]] is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat. ===1601–1900=== *[[1691]] – The charter for the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]] is issued.<ref>{{cite book|author=Eugene Aubrey Stratton|title=Plymouth Colony, Its History & People, 1620–1691|publisher=Ancestry Pub|year=1986|page=137}}</ref> *[[1763]] – King George III issues the [[Royal Proclamation of 1763]], closing Indigenous lands in North America north and west of the Alleghenies to white settlements. *[[1777]] – [[American Revolutionary War]]: The Americans defeat British forces under general [[John Burgoyne]] in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the [[Battle of Bemis Heights]], compelling Burgoyne's eventual [[Saratoga campaign#Surrender|surrender]]. *[[1780]] – American Revolutionary War: American militia defeat [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|royalist]] irregulars led by British major [[Patrick Ferguson]] at the [[Battle of Kings Mountain]] in [[South Carolina in the American Revolution|South Carolina]], often regarded as the turning point in the war's [[Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War|Southern theater]]. *[[1800]] – French corsair [[Robert Surcouf]], commander of the 18-gun ship ''La Confiance'', captures the British 38-gun ''Kent''. *[[1826]] – The [[Granite Railway]] begins operations as the first chartered railway in the U.S. *[[1828]] – [[Morea expedition]]: The city of Patras, Greece, is liberated by the French expeditionary force. *[[1840]] – [[William II of the Netherlands|Willem II]] becomes King of the Netherlands. *[[1864]] – [[American Civil War]]: A US Navy ship [[Bahia incident|captures]] a Confederate raider in a Brazilian seaport. *[[1868]] – [[Cornell University]] holds opening day ceremonies; initial student enrollment is 412, the highest at any American university to that date. *[[1870]] – Franco-Prussian War: [[Léon Gambetta]] escapes the siege of Paris in a hot-air balloon. *[[1879]] – Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the "Twofold Covenant" and create the [[Dual Alliance (1879)|Dual Alliance]]. ===1901–present=== *[[1912]] – The [[Nasdaq Helsinki|Helsinki Stock Exchange]] sees its first transaction. *[[1913]] – [[Ford Motor Company]] introduces the first moving [[assembly line|vehicle assembly line]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Moving assembly line debuts at Ford factory |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/moving-assembly-line-at-ford |website=history.com |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> *[[1916]] – Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland University 222–0 in the most [[1916 Cumberland vs. Georgia Tech football game|lopsided college football game]] in American history. *[[1919]] – [[KLM]], the flag carrier of the Netherlands, is founded. It is the oldest airline still operating under its original name. *[[1924]] – [[Andreas Michalakopoulos]] becomes prime minister of Greece for a short period of time. *[[1929]] – [[Photius II of Constantinople|Photius II]] becomes Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. *[[1940]] – [[World War II]]: The [[McCollum memo]] proposes bringing the United States into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States. *[[1944]] – World War II: The [[Sonderkommando Revolt in Auschwitz]] was an [[uprising]] of prisoners (especially the [[Sonderkommando]]) at the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], they burnt down Crematorium IV. *[[1949]] – The communist [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] (East Germany) is formed. *[[1950]] – [[Mother Teresa]] establishes the Missionaries of Charity. *[[1958]] – The [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état]] inaugurates a prolonged period of military rule. * 1958 – The U.S. crewed space-flight project is renamed to [[Project Mercury]]. *[[1959]] – The Soviet probe [[Luna 3]] transmits the first-ever photographs of the far side of the Moon. *[[1961]] – A [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Douglas Dakota IV]] operated by Derby Aviation (later renamed to [[British Midland International]]) [[1961 Derby Aviation crash|crashes]] in [[Canigou]], France, killing 34 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-47B-30-DK Dakota 4 G-AMSW Mont Canigou |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19611007-0 |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> *[[1963]] – President Kennedy signs the ratification of the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]]. *[[1963]] – [[Buddhist crisis]]: Amid worsening relations, outspoken South Vietnamese First Lady [[Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu]] arrives in the US for a speaking tour, continuing a flurry of attacks on the [[Kennedy administration]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Howard |last=Jones |year=2003 |title= Death of a Generation: How the Assassinations of Diem and JFK Prolonged the Vietnam War |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn = 0-19-505286-2 |location=New York City |pages=372, 385}}</ref> *[[1977]] – The [[1977 Soviet Constitution|Fourth Soviet Constitution]] is adopted. *[[1978]] – [[Aeroflot Flight 1080]] crashes after takeoff from [[Koltsovo International Airport]], killing 38.<ref name="Ranter 1978">{{cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |date=1978-10-07 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev Yak-40 CCCP-87437 Sverdlovsk-Koltsovo Airport (SVX) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19781007-1 |access-date=2018-01-25 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> *[[1979]] – [[Swissair Flight 316]] crashes at [[Ellinikon International Airport]] in [[Athens]], Greece, killing 14.<ref name="ASN">{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-8-62 HB-IDE Athens-Ellinikon International Airport (ATH) |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19791007-0 |access-date= |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]}}</ref> *[[1985]] – The [[1985 Puerto Rico floods|Mameyes landslide]] kills almost 200 people in Puerto Rico. * 1985 – Four men from the Palestine Liberation Front [[Achille Lauro hijacking|hijack]] the {{ship|MS|Achille Lauro}} off the coast of Egypt. *[[1987]] – Sikh nationalists declare the independence of [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan]] from India; it is not internationally recognized. *[[1988]] – A hunter discovers three gray whales trapped under the ice near Alaska; the situation becomes [[Operation Breakthrough|a multinational effort to free the whales]]. *[[1991]] – Croatian War of Independence: [[Bombing of the Banski Dvori]] in Zagreb, Croatia. *[[1993]] – The [[Great Flood of 1993|flood of '93]] ends at St. Louis, Missouri, 103 days after it began, as the Mississippi River falls below flood stage. *[[1996]] – [[Fox News|Fox News Channel]] begins broadcasting. *[[1998]] – [[Matthew Shepard]], a gay student at the University of Wyoming, is found tied to a fence after being savagely beaten by two young adults in Laramie, Wyoming. He dies five days later. *[[2000]] – [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]: [[Hezbollah]] militants capture three [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli Defense Force]] soldiers in a [[2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid|cross-border raid]]. *[[2001]] – The [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|U.S. invasion of Afghanistan]] begins with an air assault and covert operations on the ground, starting the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|longest war]] in American history. *[[2002]] – The [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] launches on [[STS-112]] to continue [[assembly of the International Space Station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/sts-112/sts-112-01.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021017213729/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/sts-112/sts-112-01.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2002|title=STS-112 MCC Status Report #01|author=NASA|date=8 October 2002|access-date=12 August 2010}}</ref> *[[2004]] – [[2004 Sinai bombings|Three bombs explode]] at [[Taba, Egypt|Taba]] and [[Nuweiba]] in the [[Sinai Peninsula]], Egypt, killing 34.<ref name=":1" /> *[[2008]] – Asteroid [[2008 TC3]] impacts the Earth over Sudan, the first time an asteroid impact is detected prior to its entry into Earth's atmosphere. * 2008 – [[Qantas Flight 72]] experiences an in-flight upset near [[Learmonth, Victoria]], Australia, injuring 112.<ref name="aviation-safety">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A330-303 VH-QPA Learmonth, WA, Australia |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20081007-0 |access-date=2019-11-03 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> *[[2016]] – In the wake of [[Hurricane Matthew]], the death toll rises to over 800.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricane Matthew death toll rises to over 800 in Haiti as storm strikes US |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/07/hurricane-matthew-death-toll-rises-to-over-800-in-haiti-as-storm-strikes-us.html |website=CNBC |access-date=22 November 2020 |language=en |date=8 October 2016}}</ref> *[[2022]] – 10 people die and 8 are injured in [[Creeslough explosion|an explosion at petrol station]] in [[Creeslough]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ten dead, including children, after Creeslough blast |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2022/1008/1327902-creeslough-donegal/ |access-date=10 October 2022 |date=8 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * 2022 – [[Ales Bialiatski]], along with two organisations, [[Memorial (society)|Memorial]] & [[Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)|Center for Civil Liberties]], are [[2022 Nobel Peace Prize|awarded]] the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bryson Taylor |first=Derrick |title=2022 Nobel Prizes: The Full List |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/nobel-prizes-2022.html |access-date=2 November 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=10 October 2022}}</ref> *[[2023]] – [[Hamas]] and several other [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] militant groups launch [[October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel|an attack]] into [[Israel]], which results in the deaths of around 1,200,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frayer |first=Lauren |date=November 11, 2023 |title=Israel revises down its death toll from the Oct. 7 Hamas attacks to about 1,200 |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/11/11/1212458974/israel-revises-death-toll-hamas-attacks-oct-7 |access-date=November 13, 2023 |website=NPR}}</ref> mostly civilians, and taking more than [[Gaza war hostage crisis|240 hostages]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eichner |first=Itamar |date=2023-10-10 |title=גורמים בישראל: חשש שמספר החללים והנרצחים גבוה מ-1,200, ושיותר מ-200 נחטפו |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/s14lrbqbp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010211439/https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/s14lrbqbp |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-22 |newspaper=[[Ynet]]}}</ref> including civilians and soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police say bodies of 769 civilians killed in October 7 onslaught have been identified |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/police-say-bodies-of-769-civilians-killed-in-october-7-onslaught-have-been-identified/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=Israel: Palestinian armed groups must be held accountable for deliberate civilian killings, abductions and indiscriminate attacks |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/israel-palestinian-armed-groups-must-be-held-accountable-for-deliberate-civilian-killings-abductions-and-indiscriminate-attacks/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> The attack initiated the [[Gaza war]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Subramaniam |first1=Tara |last2=Regan |first2=Helen |last3=Edwards |first3=Christian |last4=Ed |first4=Upright |last5=Vogt |first5=Adrienne |last6=Meyer |first6=Matt |last7=Sottile |first7=Zoe |last8=Hammond |first8=Elise |date=2023-12-01 |title=What did Israeli intelligence know about Hamas' October 7 attack? |url=https://www.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news-12-1-23/h_a3aaada742f6be344bda19e4b1a9d401 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-09 |title=What is Hamas? The group that rules the Gaza Strip has fought several rounds of war with Israel |url=https://apnews.com/article/hamas-gaza-palestinian-authority-israel-war-ed7018dbaae09b81513daf3bda38109a |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><!--This entry relates to a contentious topic, which means a special procedure must be followed when editing it. Please see the talk page for more details.-->
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