Editing Offensive counter air (section)

==History==
Offensive counter-air strikes have been used since [[World War I]].<ref name=fas>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/spp/aircraft/part07.htm|access-date=December 17, 2010|publisher=fas.org|title=VII - Mutual Vulnerability: Counter Air Operations}}</ref> The [[Teishin Shudan]] and [[Giretsu Kuteitai]] carried out two OCA raids in the Pacific theatre against B29s. In one measure the most successful single OCA mission to date was [[Operation Focus]], the [[Israel]]i offensive that opened the [[Six-Day War]] of 1967, when the [[Israeli Air Force|Heyl Ha'avir]] destroyed a large portion of the air power of [[Egypt]], [[Syria]], and [[Jordan]], mostly on the ground, totaling roughly 600 airframes destroyed by a force of 200 aircraft. However, in sheer number of planes destroyed, the opening two weeks of [[Operation Barbarossa]] saw some 3-4,000 Russian planes destroyed in total. Other successful attacks include US counter-air operations in Korea in 1950 and 1953, French and British attacks during the [[Suez Crisis]] and many others.<ref name=fas/> However, there have also been notable failures like [[Operation Chengiz Khan]] initiated by Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and Iraqi attacks on Iran.<ref name=fas/>

Although OCA missions are often carried out via air strikes, they are not limited to aerial action. The [[Teishin Shudan]] and [[Giretsu Kuteitai]] commandos carried out two notable OCA raids during World War II, as did the British [[Long Range Desert Group]]. The Vietcong successfully destroyed a number of American aircraft with mortar fire during the Vietnam War, and more recently a [[September 2012 Camp Bastion raid|Taliban raid]] in Afghanistan destroyed eight [[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|AV-8B Harrier]]s.

The [[Swedish Air Force]] developed and used the [[Bas 60]] and [[Bas 90]] air base systems during the [[Cold War]], as a suite of defensive measures against offensive counter air operations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fht.nu/Dokument/Flygvapnet/flyg_publ_dok_flygbassystemet_bas_60.pdf|title=Flygbassystem 60|last=Rystedt|first=Jörgen|date=October 1, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fht.nu/Dokument/Flygvapnet/flyg_publ_dok_flygbassystem_90.pdf|title=Flygbassystem 90|last=Rystedt|first=Jörgen|date=April 25, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/siteassets/5-information-och-fakta/historia/vagbaserna/fortv-2007-1.pdf|title=Svenska militära flygbaser|last=Törnell|first=Bernt|date=February 5, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/siteassets/5-information-och-fakta/historia/vagbaserna/fortv_rapport_2006.1.pdf|title=Svenska reservvägbaser|last=Andersson|first=Lennart|date=November 23, 2006}}</ref>

===Weapons used===
During the 1950s, the Cold War strategy of both [[NATO]] and the [[Warsaw Pact]] called for OCA to be carried out with [[tactical nuclear weapon]]s, but by the mid-1960s, new policies of 'proportional response' brought about a return to conventional tactics. Beginning shortly before the [[Six-Day War]], specialized weapons were developed for disrupting runways, which were further developed into munitions such as the [[BLU-107 Durandal]] anti-runway bomb (carried by USAF [[F-111E]]s), and the [[JP233|Hunting JP233]] (carried by [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] [[Panavia Tornado]] aircraft), both used during the [[Gulf War|1991 Gulf War]].

After the UK signed [[Ottawa Treaty| an international accord]] in 1997, banning the production & use of anti-personnel mines, the JP233 was withdrawn from RAF service.<ref>[http://www.icbl.org/en-gb/the-treaty/treaty-status.aspx Treaty Status] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110040825/http://www.icbl.org/en-gb/the-treaty/treaty-status.aspx |date=10 November 2014 }}, ''[[International Campaign to Ban Landmines]]''</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hansard; Written Answers 3 March 2009, Tornado Aircraft: Weapons |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmhansrd/cm090303/text/90303w0014.htm#st_286 |website=parliament.uk |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref>