Editing Ohrid (section)

== Name ==
{{See also|Names of European cities in different languages: M-P#O}}
[[File:Ohrid by night.jpg|thumbnail|left|Ohrid by night. The ancient name of the city was Lychnidos, which probably means "city of light".]]
In antiquity the city was known under the ancient [[Greek language|Greek]] name of Λυχνίς (''Lychnis'') and Λυχνιδός (''Lychnidos'') and the [[Latin language|Latin]] ''Lychnidus'',<ref name="DGRG">{{Cite DGRG|title=Lychnidus}}</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0062%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DL%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dlychnidus-harpers Lychnĭdus], 
Harry Thurston Peck, ''Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898)'', on Perseus</ref> probably meaning "city of light", literally "a precious stone that emits light",<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dluxni%2Fs λυχνίς], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> from λύχνος (''lychnos''), "lamp, portable light".<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dlu%2Fxnos λύχνος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> [[Polybius]], writing in the second century BC, refers to the town as Λυχνίδιον - ''Lichnidion''.<ref>{{Cite Polybius|34.12}}</ref>

The evolution of the ancient toponym ''Lychnidus'' into ''Oh(ë)r(id)'' required a long-standing period of [[Tosk Albanian]]–[[Eastern South Slavic]] bilingualism, or at least contact, resulting from the Tosk Albanian [[rhotacism]] ''-n-'' into ''-r-'' and Eastern South Slavic [[l-vocalization]] ''ly-'' into ''o-''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Friedman|first=Victor A.|author-link=Victor Friedman|title=Vendi i gegnishtes në gjuhën shqipe dhe në Ballkan|trans-title=The position of Gheg in Albanian and in the Balkans|journal=Phoenix|place=Shkodër|volume=7|issue=1–6|year=2003|pages=40–56|language=aln}} (pp. 44–45).</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|last=Curtis|first=Matthew Cowan|title=Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence |url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:osu1338406907|publisher=The Ohio State University |year=2012|page=45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Demiraj|first=Shaban|author-link=Shaban Demiraj|title=The origin of the Albanians: linguistically investigated|publisher=[[Academy of Sciences of Albania]]|year=2006b|isbn=9789994381715|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aXIbAQAAIAAJ|page=81}}</ref>

It became capital of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] in the early medieval period, and was often referred to by [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] writers as ''Achrida'' (Ἄχριδα, Ὄχριδα, or Ἄχρις).<ref>[[Anna Komnene]], ''[[Alexiad]]'', 13; [[Cedrenus]], ''Synopsis historion'', vol. ii. p. 468, ed. Bonn; [[John VI Kantakouzenos]], ''History'', 2.21.</ref><ref name="DGRG" /> By 879 AD, the town was no longer called Lychnidos but was referred to as ''Ohrid''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pétrin|first=Nicole|chapter=Caranthani Marahenses: Philological Notes on the Early History of the Hungarians and the Slavs|title=Eurasian Studies Yearbook|volume=70|publisher=Eurolingua|year=1998|isbn=9780931922626|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iq9nAAAAMAAJ|page=59|quote=Another sliver of evidence may be relevant: Gabriel of Ohrid, who attended the Council of 879 in Constantinople (more later) signed with the Slavic name of his see, not the ancient name which was Lychnida.}}</ref><ref>Evans, Thammy, ''Macedonia'', Bradt Travel Guides, 2012, p.173</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohrid.com.mk/history/history.asp?ID=380|title=Ohrid Vacation, Travel, Tourism, Visit Ohrid - Official Web Site of the Municipality of Ohrid|website=www.ohrid.com.mk|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626071127/http://www.ohrid.com.mk/history/history.asp?ID=380|archive-date=26 June 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] and the other [[South Slavic languages]], the name of the city is ''Ohrid'' (Охрид). In [[Albanian language|Albanian]], the city is known as ''Ohër'' or ''Ohri'' and in modern Greek ''Ochrida'' (Οχρίδα, Ωχρίδα) and ''Achrida'' (Αχρίδα).{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} The name of the city in [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]] is {{lang|rup|Ohãrda}}.<ref>[https://www.yumpu.com/ro/document/read/34145586/grailu-armanescu-nr1-2010-tv-radio-makedonia Grailu Armãnescu. Nr. 1 (43)]. p. 15. {{in lang|rup}}</ref>