Editing Onion routing (section)

== History ==
Onion routing was developed in the mid-1990s at the [[U.S. Naval Research Laboratory]] by employees [[Paul Syverson]], Michael G. Reed, and David Goldschlag<ref>Reed M. G., Syverson P. F., Goldschlag D. M. (1998) "Anonymous connections and onion routing", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(4):482–494.</ref><ref name=patent>{{cite patent|country = US|number = 6266704 | status = patent | title = Onion routing network for securely moving data through communication networks | fdate = 1998-05-29 | inventor =Reed; Michael G. (Bethesda, MD), Syverson; Paul F. (Silver Spring, MD), Goldschlag; David M. (Silver Spring, MD) | assign1 = The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington, DC)}}</ref> to protect U.S. [[United States Intelligence Community|intelligence]] communications online.<ref name="pando">{{Cite news|url = http://pando.com/2014/07/16/tor-spooks/|title = Almost everyone involved in developing Tor was (or is) funded by the US government|last = Levine|first = Yasha|date = 16 July 2014|work = Pando Daily|access-date = 30 August 2014}}</ref> It was then refined by the [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA) and patented by the Navy in 1998.<ref name=patent/><ref>{{cite book|first1 = Joseph Babatunde|last1 = Fagoyinbo|title = The Armed Forces: Instrument of Peace, Strength, Development and Prosperity|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qM0uxPH8RasC&q=The+Armed+Forces%3A+Instrument+of+Peace%2C+Strength%2C+Development+and+Prosperity|publisher = AuthorHouse|date = 2013-05-24|isbn = 9781477226476|access-date = August 29, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1 = David|last1 = Leigh|first2 = Luke|last2 = Harding|title = WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qGLjvFNuaM4C&q=WikiLeaks%3A+Inside+Julian+Assange%27s+War+on+Secrecy|publisher = PublicAffairs|date = 2011-02-08|isbn = 978-1610390620|access-date = August 29, 2014}}</ref>

This method was publicly released by the same employees through publishing an article in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications the same year. It depicted the use of the method to protect the user from the network and outside observers who eavesdrop and conduct traffic analysis attacks. The most important part of this research is the configurations and applications of onion routing on the existing e-services, such as [[Virtual private network]], [[Web-browsing]], [[Email]], [[Remote login]], and [[Electronic cash]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Reed|first1=M. G.|last2=Syverson|first2=P. F.|last3=Goldschlag|first3=D. M.|date=May 1998|title=Anonymous connections and onion routing|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/668972|journal=IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications|volume=16|issue=4|pages=482–494|doi=10.1109/49.668972|issn=1558-0008}}</ref>

Based on the existing onion routing technology, computer scientists [[Roger Dingledine]] and [[Nick Mathewson]] joined [[Paul Syverson]] in 2002 to develop what has become the largest and best-known implementation of onion routing, then called The Onion Routing project ([[Tor (network)|Tor]] project).

After the Naval Research Laboratory released the code for Tor under a [[free license]],<ref name="pando" /><ref name="prealpha">{{cite mailing list |url=http://archives.seul.org/or/dev/Sep-2002/msg00019.html |title=pre-alpha: run an onion proxy now! |last=Dingledine |first=Roger |mailing-list=or-dev |date=20 September 2002 |access-date=17 July 2008 }}</ref><ref name="torproject-faq">{{cite web |url=https://www.torproject.org/docs/faq#WhyCalledTor |title=Tor FAQ: Why is it called Tor? |website=Tor Project |access-date=1 July 2011}}</ref> Dingledine, Mathewson and five others founded The Tor Project as a [[501(c)(3)|non-profit organization]] in 2006, with the [[fiscal sponsorship|financial support]] of the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] and several other organizations.<ref name="torproject-sponsors">{{cite web |url=https://www.torproject.org/about/sponsors.html.en |title=Tor: Sponsors |website=Tor Project |access-date=11 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="wp-attacks-prompt">{{cite news |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2007/08/attacks_prompt_update_for_tor.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427104755/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2007/08/attacks_prompt_update_for_tor.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 27, 2011 |title=Attacks Prompt Update for 'Tor' Anonymity Network |first=Brian |last=Krebs |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=8 August 2007 |access-date=27 October 2007}}</ref>