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Operation Tinderbox
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== List of the nuclear tests == {{see also|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}} [[File:434-SAN-A800302.jpg|thumb|320px|Diagram of Huron King]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ United States' Tinderbox series tests and detonations |- !style="background:#ffdead;" | Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref> !style="background:#efefef;" | Date time ([[Universal Time|UT]]) !style="background:#ffdead;" | Local [[Time Zone|time zone]]<ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. v</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Time Zone Historical Database| publisher=iana.com| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/| access-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref> !style="background:#efefef;" | [[List of nuclear test sites|Location]]<ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref> !style="background:#ffdead;" | [[Elevation]] + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, ''Plumbbob/John''. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref> !style="background:#efefef;" | Delivery <ref group=note>Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]]. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.</ref><br />Purpose <ref group=note>Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.</ref> !style="background:#efefef;" | [[List of nuclear weapons|Device]]<ref group=note>Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.</ref> !style="background:#ffdead;" | [[Nuclear weapon yield|Yield]]<ref group=note>Estimated energy yield in [[TNT equivalent|tons, kilotons, and megatons]]. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).</ref> !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | [[Nuclear fallout|Fallout]]<ref group=note>Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.</ref> !style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable" | References !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | Notes |- ! ''Backgammon''{{anchor|Backgammon}} | {{dts|1979|11|29}} 15:00:00.096 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U3jh {{coord|36.99395|-116.02484|name=Backgammon|display=inline}} | {{sort|000946|}}{{convert|1175|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|228.72|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000008000|800 t}} | | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | |- ! ''Azul''{{anchor|Azul}} | {{dts|1979|12|14}} 18:00:00.09 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U2em {{coord|37.13732|-116.06394|name=Azul|display=inline}} | {{sort|001070|}}{{convert|1275|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|205|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}} | | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | Destroyed the ''Anvil/Peninsula'' device that was damaged during placement. |- ! ''Tarko''{{anchor|Tarko}} | {{dts|1980|2|28}} 15:00:00.093 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U2fd {{coord|37.12655|-116.08946|name=Tarko|display=inline}} | {{sort|000911|}}{{convert|1280|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|369|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000050000|5 kt}} | Venting detected, {{convert|50|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}} | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_57 /><ref name=LT_48 /> | |- ! ''Norbo''{{anchor|Norbo}} | {{dts|1980|3|8}} 15:35:00.09 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U8c {{coord|37.17989|-116.08399|name=Norbo|display=inline}} | {{sort|001078|}}{{convert|1349|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|271|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000010000|1 kt}} | I-131 venting detected, 0 | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /> | |- ! ''Liptauer''{{anchor|Liptauer}} | {{dts|1980|4|3}} 14:00:00.089 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U2eh {{coord|37.14983|-116.08313|name=Liptauer|display=inline}} | {{sort|000887|}}{{convert|1304|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|417|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000200000|20 kt}} | | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | |- ! ''Pyramid''{{anchor|Pyramid}} | {{dts|1980|4|16}} 20:00:00.089 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U7be {{coord|37.10107|-116.0314|name=Pyramid|display=inline}} | {{sort|000686|}}{{convert|1266|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|579.1|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000890000|89 kt}} | | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_57 /><ref name=LT_158 /> | |- ! ''Canfield''{{anchor|Canfield}} | {{dts|1980|5|2}} 18:46:30.092 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U3kx {{coord|37.05598|-116.0197|name=Canfield|display=inline}} | {{sort|000860|}}{{convert|1211|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|350.5|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000060000|6 kt}} | | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | |- ! ''Flora''{{anchor|Flora}} | {{dts|1980|5|22}} 13:00:00.089 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U3lg {{coord|37.00304|-116.03214|name=Flora|display=inline}} | {{sort|000843|}}{{convert|1179|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|335.6|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}} | Venting detected, {{convert|1|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}} | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /> | |- ! ''Kash''{{anchor|Kash}} | {{dts|1980|6|12}} 17:15:00.09 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U20af {{coord|37.2816|-116.45474|name=Kash|display=inline}} | {{sort|001266|}}{{convert|1911|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|645|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|001400000|140 kt}} | Venting detected | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_48 /> | |- ! ''Huron King''{{anchor|Huron King}} | {{dts|1980|6|24}} 15:10:00.07 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U3ky {{coord|37.02328|-116.03491|name=Huron King|display=inline}} | {{sort|000866|}}{{convert|1187|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|320.04|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapon effect | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000060000|6 kt}} | | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_148 /> | Radiation and EMP effects shot through a mockup [[DSCS]] satellite on the surface, which was then towed off the collapsing cap. [[:File:Huron King test chamber.jpg|Picture of the test chamber.]] It is still on the NE lip of the test's crater. |- ! ''Tafi''{{anchor|Tafi}} | {{dts|1980|7|25}} 19:05:00.082 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U20ae {{coord|37.25627|-116.47829|name=Tafi|display=inline}} | {{sort|001179|}}{{convert|1859|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|680|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|001400000|140 kt}} | Venting detected | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_48 /> | |- ! ''Verdello''{{anchor|Verdello}} | {{dts|1980|7|31}} 18:19:00.092 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U3ku {{coord|37.013|-116.02361|name=Verdello|display=inline}} | {{sort|000817|}}{{convert|1183|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|365.76|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000035000|3.5 kt}} | Venting detected, {{convert|45|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}} | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_57 /><ref name=LT_48 /> | |- ! ''Bonarda''{{anchor|Bonarda}} | {{dts|1980|9|25}} 14:45:00.094 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U3gv {{coord|37.05609|-116.0489|name=Bonarda|display=inline}} | {{sort|000828|}}{{convert|1209|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|381|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000200000|20 kt}} | | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | |- ! ''Riola''{{anchor|Riola}} | {{dts|1980|9|25}} 15:26:30.084 | style="text-align:center;" | PST (β8 hrs)<br /> || [[Nevada National Security Site|NTS]] Area U2eq {{coord|37.11684|-116.0659|name=Riola|display=inline}} | {{sort|000830|}}{{convert|1254|m|abbr=on}} β {{convert|424|m|abbr=on}} | underground shaft,<br />weapons development | | style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000010700|1.1 kt}} | Venting detected off site, {{convert|2.2|kCi|TBq|abbr=on}} | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_158 /> | |} {{reflist|group=note}}
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