Editing Panelák (section)

==History==
[[Image:Ato halova spoza ramena.jpg|thumb|left|[[Petržalka]] in [[Bratislava]], Slovakia.]]

[[Interwar Czechoslovakia]] saw many [[Constructivist architecture|constructivist]] architects in the country, such as [[Vladimír Karfík]] and [[František Lydie Gahura]], many of whom would maintain prominence following the establishment of the [[Czechoslovak People's Republic]] in 1948.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=O'Sullivan |first=Feargus |date=2020-09-30 |title=Prague's Communist-Era Apartments Get a Second Life |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-09-30/the-history-and-design-behind-prague-s-concrete-apartments |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004235200/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-09-30/the-history-and-design-behind-prague-s-concrete-apartments |archive-date=2020-10-04 |access-date=2020-10-04 |website=Bloomberg CityLab |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |type=Even though this publication is mainly about [[Prague]], it applies just as well to [[Slovakia]] and the [[Czech Republic]] as a whole}}</ref> In the years following 1948, the Czechoslovakian architectural scene favored [[Stalinist architecture]] over more [[modern architecture]].<ref name=":0" /> However, a 1954 speech by [[Nikita Khrushchev]] encouraging the construction of [[panel building]]s, coupled by post-war housing shortages faced throughout both [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Western Europe]], encouraged the country's architectures to construct more simplistic, modernist buildings.<ref name=":0" /> {{Citation needed span|text=Planners from the communist era wanted to provide large quantities of fast and affordable housing, as well as to slash costs by employing uniform designs over the whole country. They also sought to foster a "collectivistic nature" in the people. In case of war, these houses would not be as susceptible to firebombing as traditional, densely packed buildings.|date=October 2020|reason=}} Throughout the mid 1950s, the country's designers applied a modernist aesthetic known as the {{Interlanguage link|Brussels Style|lt=|cs|Bruselský styl|WD=}}, named after the international attention it attracted during the [[1958 World's Fair]] held in [[Brussels]].<ref name=":0" /> By the late 1960s, the country's paneláks often reached up to 16 stories in height.<ref name=":0" />

Between 1959 and 1995, paneláks containing 1.17 million flats were built in what is now the Czech Republic.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} {{As of|2005}}, they housed about 3.5 million people, or about one-third of the country's population.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Matt |date=2005-03-10 |title=Still standing |url=http://www.praguepost.com/P03/2005/Art/0310/news1.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312060427/http://www.praguepost.com/P03/2005/Art/0310/news1.php |archive-date=2005-03-12 |access-date=2020-10-04 |publisher=[[The Prague Post]] |type=Even though this publication was mainly about [[Prague]] and the [[Czech Republic]], it applies just as well to [[Slovakia]]}}</ref>

In [[Prague]] and other large cities, most paneláks were built in a type of housing estate known as a {{Lang|cs|sídliště}} {{In lang|cs}} or {{Lang|sk|[[sídlisko]]}} {{In lang|sk}}. Such housing developments now dominate large parts of Prague, [[Bratislava]] and other cities and towns. The first such housing development built in Prague was [[Petřiny]] in the 1950s;{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} the largest in Prague is [[Jižní Město]] (about 100,000 inhabitants), with 200 buildings and 30,000 flats built since the 1970s.<ref name=":1" /> The Slovak [[Petržalka]] however, is the largest such housing development in [[Central Europe]], with its population exceeding 110,000.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}

[[File:Sídlisko III z Kalvárie.JPG|thumb|Sídlisko II & III in [[Prešov]], Slovakia.]]

Following the [[Velvet Revolution]] in 1989, there was widespread speculation that the country's paneláks would fall out of favor, due to their simplicity and small size.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Government of the Czech Republic|Czech]] and [[Government of Slovakia|Slovak government]] sold individual panelák apartments to their tenants for cheap prices, furthering speculation that the apartments would be undesirable.<ref name=":0" /> However, these fears have not materialized.<ref name=":0" />

=== Records ===
The tallest prefabricated house in the Czech Republic was built in 1980 in Jižní Město in Prague, currently called the Kupa hostel. The {{Convert|81|m|ft|abbr=unit}} high building with 23 floors is a unique bridge connection on the top floors. One of the longest prefabricated houses is located in [[Bohnice]], Prague, on Zelenohorská Street. The twelve-story building from 1973–1974 with 612 apartments and about 1,500 residents is {{Convert|340|m|ft|abbr=unit}} long and has 18 entrances.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lišková |first=Michaela |last2=Jakub |first2=Zuzánek |date=2022-08-17 |title=Nejdelší panelák v Česku? Lidí tu bydlí jako v malém městě, schůze jsou v "kulturáku" |trans-title=The longest panel house in the Czech Republic? People live here like in a small town, meetings are held in the "cultural center" |url=https://magazin.aktualne.cz/kuriozity/pres-600-bytu-a-1500-lidi-kde-se-musi-schazet-svj-nejdelsiho/r~877e68a01d3f11ed8980ac1f6b220ee8/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Aktuálně.cz |language=cs}}</ref> It has the longest corridor, water distribution and heating of a prefabricated house in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hora |first=Josef |date=2015-09-22 |title=NEJ rekordy paneláků. Sídliště, kde se bojí policie, i nejdelší chodba |trans-title=THE BEST records of panel houses. A housing estate where the police are afraid, even the longest corridor |url=https://www.idnes.cz/bydleni/panelak/bydleni-v-panelaku.A150917_170218_architektura_web |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=iDNES.cz |language=cs}}</ref> An even longer prefabricated house is located in Ruprechtice, Liberecké. It is a curved prefabricated house nicknamed {{Lang|cs|Hokejka}} (Hockey Stick) because of its shape. It has 24 entrances, 11 floors and 693 apartments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruprechtice |url=http://www.panelaci.cz/sidliste/liberecky-kraj/liberec-ruprechtice |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20231207162809/http://www.panelaci.cz/sidliste/liberecky-kraj/liberec-ruprechtice |archive-date=2023-12-07 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=panelaci.cz}}</ref>

However, the longest panel house (continuous panel house complex) in the Czech Republic is located in [[Ostrava]] on Horní Street (it also extends into Cholevova and Mitušova Streets), it has a total of 28 entrances (of which 26 are in one line), 6–13 floors, 841 apartments and a total length of {{Convert|540|m|ft|abbr=unit}} (of which {{Convert|500|m|ft|abbr=unit}} are in one line).<ref>LIPTÁK, Marián; PŘENDÍK, Petr. ''Městský obvod Ostrava-Jih: včera a dnes''. 1.. vyd. Ostrava: MONTANEX, 2018. 224 s. {{ISBN|978-80-7225-450-7}}. Retrieved 2025-03-12.</ref>