Editing Parallel ATA (section)

== History and terminology ==
The standard was originally conceived as the "AT Bus Attachment", officially called "AT Attachment" and abbreviated "ATA"<ref name="David A. Deming 2014, page 32">David A. Deming, The Essential Guide to Serial ATA and SATA Express, CRC Press - 2014, page 32</ref><ref>Common Access Method AT Bus Attachment, Rev 1, April 1, 1989, CAM/89-002, CAM Committee</ref> because its primary feature was a direct connection to the 16-bit [[ISA bus]] introduced with the [[IBM PC/AT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/over.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010418002244/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/over.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2001-04-18 |title=Ref - Overview of the IDE/ATA Interface |publisher=PCGuide |access-date=2013-06-14}}</ref> The original ATA specifications published by the standards committees use the name "AT Attachment".<ref>{{cite tech report |url=http://www.t13.org/documents/UploadedDocuments/project/d0791r4c-ATA-1.pdf |id=X3.221-1994 |title=AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives |date=1994 |publisher=ANSI ASC X3 |editor-last=Lamers |editor-first=Lawrence J. |access-date=2014-08-28 |archive-date=2012-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321035657/http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/project/d0791r4c-ATA-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite tech report |url=http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/project/d0948r4c-ATA-2.pdf |id=X3.279-1996 |title=AT Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2) revision 4c |date=March 18, 1996 |publisher=ANSI ASC X3T10 |editor-last=Finch |editor-first=Stephen G. |access-date=August 28, 2014 |archive-date=July 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728081254/http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/project/d0948r4c-ATA-2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><!--<ref>{{cite techreport|url=http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/project/d2008r7b-ATA-3.pdf | id= X3.279-1996| title=AT Attachment-3 Interface (ATA-3) revision 7b |date=January 27, 1997 |publisher=ANSI ASC X3T13 |editor-last=McLean |editor-first=Peter T.}}</ref><ref>{{cite techreport|url=http://www.t13.org/documents/UploadedDocuments/project/d1153r18-ATA-ATAPI-4.pdf | id= NCITS 317-1998| title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4) revision 18 |date=August 19, 1998 |publisher=ANSI ASC T13 |editor-last=McLean |editor-first=Peter T.}}</ref><ref>{{cite techreport|url=http://www.t13.org/documents/UploadedDocuments/project/d1321r3-ATA-ATAPI-5.pdf | id= NCITS 340-2000
| title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface - 5 (ATA/ATAPI-5) revision 3 |date=February 29, 2000 |publisher=ANSI ASC T13 |editor-last=McLean |editor-first=Peter T.}}</ref><ref>{{cite techreport|url=http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/project/d1410r3b-ATA-ATAPI-6.pdf | id= NCITS 361-2002| title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface - 6 (ATA/ATAPI-6) revision 3b |date=February 26, 2002 |publisher=ANSI ASC T13 |editor-last=McLean |editor-first=Peter T.}}</ref><ref>{{cite techreport|url=http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2007/D1532v1r4b-AT_Attachment_with_Packet_Interface_-_7_Volume_1.pdf| id= INCITS 397-2005| title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface - 7 - Volume 1 - Register Delivered Command Set, Logical Register Set (ATA/ATAPI-7 V1) revision 4b|date= April 21 2004|publisher=ANSI ASC T13|editor-last=Masiewicz |editor-first=John}}</ref><ref>{{cite techreport|url=http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2007/D1532v2r4b-AT_Attachment_with_Packet_Interface_-_7_Volume_2.pdf| id= INCITS 397-2005| title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface - 7 - Volume 2 - Parallel Transport Protocols and Physical Interconnect (ATA/ATAPI-7 V2) revision 4b |date= April 21 2004 |publisher=ANSI ASC T13 |editor-last=McLean |editor-first=Peter T.}}</ref><ref>{{cite techreport|url=http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2007/D1532v3r4b-AT_Attachment_with_Packet_Interface_-_7_Volume_3.pdf| id= INCITS 397-2005
| title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface - 7 - Volume 3 - Serial Transport Protocols and Physical Interconnect (ATA/ATAPI-7 V3) revision 4b|date= April 21 2004 |publisher=ANSI ASC T13 |editor-last=McLean |editor-first=Peter T.}}</ref>--><ref>{{cite tech report |url=http://www.t13.org/documents/uploadeddocuments/docs2008/d1699r6a-ata8-acs.pdf |id=INCITS 452-2008 |title=AT Attachment 8 - ATA/ATAPI Command Set (ATA8-ACS) revision 6a |date=September 6, 2008 |publisher=ANSI ASC T13 |editor-last=Stevens |editor-first=Curtis E. |access-date=June 21, 2016 |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010045105/http://www.t13.org/documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2008/D1699r6a-ATA8-ACS.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The "AT" in the IBM PC/AT referred to "Advanced Technology" so ATA has also been referred to as "Advanced Technology Attachment".<ref>William Rothwell, LPIC-2 Cert Guide: (201-400 and 202-400 exams), Pearson IT Certification - 2016, page 150</ref><ref name="David A. Deming 2014, page 32"/><ref>Nitin Vengurlekar, Murali Vallath, Rich Long, Oracle Automatic Storage Management: Under-the-Hood & Practical Deployment Guide, McGraw Hill Professional - 2007, page 6</ref><ref>Simon Collin, Dictionary of Computing: Over 10,000 Terms Clearly Defined, A&amp;C Black, 2009, page 67</ref> When a newer Serial ATA (SATA) was introduced in 2003, the original ATA was renamed to Parallel ATA, or PATA for short.<ref>Scott Mueller, Upgrading and Repairing PCs - Chapter 7. The ATA/IDE Interface, Que Publishing, Jun 22, 2015</ref>

Physical ATA interfaces became a standard component in all PCs, initially on host bus adapters, sometimes on a sound card but ultimately as two physical interfaces embedded in a [[Southbridge (computing)|Southbridge]] chip on a motherboard. Called the "primary" and "secondary" ATA interfaces, they were assigned to [[base addresses]] 0x1F0 and 0x170 on [[ISA bus]] systems. They were replaced by [[SATA]] interfaces.

=== IDE and ATA-1 ===
[[file:1992 80386 PC AMD 386DX-40 no onboard IDE floppy serial parallel sound video or network.jpg|thumb|left|Example of a 1992 80386 PC motherboard with nothing built in other than memory, keyboard, processor, cache, realtime clock, and slots. Such basic motherboards could have been outfitted with either the ST-506 or ATA interface, but usually not both. A single 2-drive ATA interface and a floppy interface was added to this system via the 16-bit ISA card]]

The first version of what is now called the ATA/ATAPI interface was developed by [[Western Digital]] under the name ''Integrated Drive Electronics'' (IDE). Together with [[Compaq]] (the initial customer), they worked with various disk drive manufacturers to develop and ship early products with the goal of remaining software compatible with the existing IBM PC hard drive interface.<ref>{{ cite web | title = System Architecture: a look at hard drives  |url=http://www.ackadia.com/computer/system-architecture/system-architecture-harddrive.php  |access-date=2008-07-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060508023226/http://www.ackadia.com/computer/system-architecture/system-architecture-harddrive.php |archive-date = 2006-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref> The first such drives appeared internally in Compaq PCs in 1986<ref>{{ cite web | title = The PC Guide: Overview and History of the IDE/ATA Interface | url = http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/over.htm | archive-date = 2001-04-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010418002244/http://www.pcguide.com:80/ref/hdd/if/ide/over.htm|access-date=2008-08-23 | author= Charles M. Kozierok | date = 2001-04-17 }}</ref><ref name="Milligan">{{ cite web |title=The History of CAM ATA | url = http://www.ata-atapi.com/histcam.html | access-date = 2008-08-27 | author = Gene Milligan | date = 2005-12-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081004160101/http://www.ata-atapi.com/histcam.html | archive-date = 2008-10-04 | url-status = live }}</ref> and were first separately offered by [[Conner Peripherals]] as the CP342 in June 1987.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://chmss.wikifoundry.com/page/Conner+CP341+Drive+%28ATA%2FIDE%29 | title = Conner CP341 Drive (ATA/IDE) |last=Burniece  |first=Tom  |date=July 21, 2011 | website = Wikifoundry | publisher = Computer History Museum Storage Special Interest Group | access-date = January 10, 2020 | archive-date = February 24, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210224022517/http://chmss.wikifoundry.com/page/Conner+CP341+Drive+(ATA%2FIDE) | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The term ''Integrated Drive Electronics'' refers to the [[drive controller]] being integrated into the drive, as opposed to a separate controller situated at the other side of the connection cable to the drive. On an IBM PC compatible, [[CP/M]] machine, or similar, this was typically a card installed on a [[motherboard]]. The interface cards used to connect a parallel ATA drive to, for example, an [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA Slot]], are not drive controllers: they are merely [[Host adapter|bridges between the host bus and the ATA interface]]. Since the original ATA interface is essentially just a 16-bit [[ISA bus]], the bridge was especially simple in case of an ATA connector being located on an ISA interface card. The integrated controller presented the drive to the host computer as an array of 512-byte blocks with a relatively simple command interface. This relieved the mainboard and interface cards in the host computer of the chores of stepping the disk head arm, moving the head arm in and out, and so on, as had to be done with earlier [[ST-506]] and [[Enhanced Small Disk Interface|ESDI]] hard drives. All of these low-level details of the mechanical operation of the drive were now handled by the controller on the drive itself. This also eliminated the need to design a single controller that could handle many different types of drives, since the controller could be unique for the drive. The host need only to ask for a particular sector, or block, to be read or written, and either accept the data from the drive or send the data to it.

The interface used by these drives was standardized in 1994 as ANSI standard X3.221-1994, ''AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives''. After later versions of the standard were developed, this became known as "ATA-1".<ref>{{cite web |title=The PC Guide: ATA (ATA-1) |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA-c.html |access-date=2008-08-23 |author=Charles M. Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment |title=AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives (ATA-1) |publisher= Global Engineering Documents |year=1994}}</ref>

A short-lived, seldom-used implementation of ATA was created for the [[IBM Personal Computer XT|IBM XT]] and similar machines that used the 8-bit version of the ISA bus. It has been referred to as [[Industry Standard Architecture#XT-IDE|"XT-IDE"]], "XTA" or "XT Attachment".<ref>{{ cite web | title = Data Recovery and Hard Disk Drive Glossary of Terms | url = http://datarecoveryspecialist.com:80/glossaryofterms.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120711155459/http://datarecoveryspecialist.com/glossaryofterms.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-07-11 | access-date = 2012-07-11 | author = Independent Technology Service | year = 2008 }}</ref>

=== EIDE and ATA-2 ===
{{redirect|EIDE||Eide (disambiguation)}}

In 1994, about the same time that the ATA-1 standard was adopted, Western Digital introduced drives under a newer name, Enhanced IDE (EIDE). These included most of the features of the forthcoming ATA-2 specification and several additional enhancements. Other manufacturers introduced their own variations of ATA-1 such as "Fast ATA" and "Fast ATA-2".

The new version of the ANSI standard, ''AT Attachment Interface with Extensions ATA-2'' (X3.279-1996), was approved in 1996. It included most of the features of the manufacturer-specific variants.<ref>{{cite web |title=The PC Guide: ATA (ATA-2) |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA2-c.html |access-date=2008-08-23 |author=Charles M. Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name=ATA2>{{cite book |last=Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment |title=AT Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2) |publisher=Global Engineering Documents |year=1996}}</ref>

ATA-2 also was the first to note that devices other than hard drives could be attached to the interface:
{{blockquote|3.1.7 Device: Device is a storage peripheral. Traditionally, a device on the ATA interface has been a hard disk drive, but any form of storage device may be placed on the ATA interface provided it adheres to this standard.|''AT Attachment Interface with Extensions (ATA-2)'', page 2<ref name=ATA2/>}}

=== ATAPI ===
{{main|ATA Packet Interface}}

ATA was originally designed for, and worked only with, [[hard disk drive]]s and devices that could emulate them. The introduction of ATAPI (ATA Packet Interface) by a group called the [[Small Form Factor committee]] (SFF) allowed ATA to be used for a variety of other devices that require functions beyond those necessary for hard disk drives. For example, any removable media device needs a "media eject" command, and a way for the host to determine whether the media is present, and these were not provided in the ATA protocol.

ATAPI is a protocol allowing the ATA interface to carry [[SCSI]] commands and responses; therefore, all ATAPI devices are actually "speaking SCSI" other than at the electrical interface. The SCSI commands and responses are embedded in "packets" (hence "ATA Packet Interface") for transmission on the ATA cable. This allows any device class for which a SCSI command set has been defined to be interfaced via ATA/ATAPI.

ATAPI devices are also "speaking ATA", as the ATA physical interface and protocol are still being used to send the packets. On the other hand, ATA hard drives and solid state drives do not use ATAPI.

ATAPI devices include CD-ROM and [[DVD-ROM]] drives, [[tape drive]]s, and large-capacity [[floppy disk|floppy]] drives such as the [[Zip drive]] and [[SuperDisk drive]]. Some early ATAPI devices were simply SCSI devices with an ATA/ATAPI to SCSI protocol converter added on.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

The SCSI commands and responses used by each class of ATAPI device (CD-ROM, tape, etc.) are described in other documents or specifications specific to those device classes and are not within ATA/ATAPI or the [[T13 subcommittee|T13]] committee's purview. <!-- ATAPI Packet Commands for Block Devices (SFF-8070i) ATAPI Packet Commands for CD-ROMs (SFF-8020i) --> One commonly used set is defined in the [[MultiMedia Commands|MMC]] SCSI command set.

ATAPI was adopted as part of ATA in INCITS 317-1998, ''AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4)''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The PC Guide: SFF-8020 / ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI) |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATAPI-c.html |access-date=2008-08-23 |author=Charles M. Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The PC Guide: ATA/ATAPI-4 |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/stdATA4-c.html |access-date=2008-08-23 |author=Charles M. Kozierok |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment |url=http://www.t13.org/ |title=AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4) |publisher=Global Engineering Documents |year=1998}}</ref>

=== UDMA and ATA-4 ===
{{See also|UDMA}}

The ATA/ATAPI-4 standard also introduced several "[[UDMA|Ultra DMA]]" transfer modes. These initially supported speeds from 16 to 33&nbsp;MB/s. In later versions, faster Ultra DMA modes were added, requiring new 80-wire cables to reduce crosstalk. The latest versions of Parallel ATA support up to 133&nbsp;MB/s.

=== Ultra ATA ===
Ultra ATA, abbreviated UATA, is a designation that has been primarily used by [[Western Digital Corporation|Western Digital]] for different speed enhancements to the ATA/ATAPI standards. For example, in 2000 Western Digital published a document describing "Ultra ATA/100", which brought performance improvements for the then-current ATA/ATAPI-5 standard by improving maximum speed of the Parallel ATA interface from 66 to 100&nbsp;MB/s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wdc.com/wdproducts/library/other/2579-001013.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.wdc.com/wdproducts/library/other/2579-001013.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Ultra ATA/100 Extends Existing Technology While Increasing Performance and Data Integrity|author=Western Digital Corporation}}</ref> Most of Western Digital's changes, along with others, were included in the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard (2002).

=== x86 BIOS size limitations ===
{{See also|Logical block addressing#Enhanced BIOS|l1=Enhanced BIOS}}
<!-- Also, do we need to mention the earlier 504MB limit in earlier BIOSes, and make clear that it was not the interface's problem but rather the BIOS... or was it? Or is that so old that we don't need to bother? [_maybe the words "such as" already allow for the 504MB, 32MB, and other random limits_]-->

Initially, the size of an ATA drive was stored in the system [[x86]] BIOS using a type number (1 through 45) that predefined the C/H/S parameters<ref name=pdef>{{cite web| url = http://www.kva.kursk.ru/bios1/HTML1/standard.html| title = kursk.ru – Standard CMOS Setup| access-date = 2011-05-27| archive-date = 2018-10-04| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181004103524/http://www.kva.kursk.ru/bios1/HTML1/standard.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> and also often the landing zone, in which the drive heads are parked while not in use. Later, a "user definable" format<ref name=pdef/> called C/H/S or cylinders, heads, sectors was made available. These numbers were important for the earlier ST-506 interface, but were generally meaningless for ATA—the CHS parameters for later ATA large drives often specified impossibly high numbers of heads or sectors that did not actually define the internal physical layout of the drive at all. From the start, and up to ATA-2, every user had to specify explicitly how large every attached drive was. From ATA-2 on, an "identify drive" command was implemented that can be sent and which will return all drive parameters.

Owing to a lack of foresight by motherboard manufacturers, the system BIOS was often hobbled by artificial C/H/S size limitations due to the manufacturer assuming certain values would never exceed a particular numerical maximum.

The first of these BIOS limits occurred when ATA drives reached sizes in excess of 504 [[Mebibyte|MiB]], because some motherboard BIOSes would not allow C/H/S values above 1024 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors. Multiplied by 512 bytes per sector, this totals {{gaps|528|482|304}} bytes which, divided by {{gaps|1|048|576}} bytes per [[Mebibyte|MiB]], equals 504 [[Mebibyte|MiB]] (528 [[Megabyte|MB]]).

The second of these BIOS limitations occurred at 1024 [[Cylinder-head-sector#Cylinders|cylinders]], 256 [[Cylinder-head-sector#Heads|heads]], and 63 [[Disk sector|sectors]], and a problem in [[MS-DOS]] limited the number of heads to 255. This totals to {{gaps|8|422|686|720}} bytes (8032.5 [[Mebibyte|MiB]]), commonly referred to as the 8.4 gigabyte barrier. This is again a limit imposed by x86 BIOSes, and not a limit imposed by the ATA interface.

It was eventually determined that these size limitations could be overridden with a small program loaded at startup from a hard drive's boot sector. Some hard drive manufacturers, such as Western Digital, started including these override utilities with large hard drives to help overcome these problems. However, if the computer was booted in some other manner without loading the special utility, the invalid BIOS settings would be used and the drive could either be inaccessible or appear to the operating system to be damaged.<!-- INT 13/48, EDD compatible !? -->

Later, an extension to the x86 BIOS [[INT 13H|disk services]] called the "[[Enhanced Disk Drive]]" (EDD) was made available, which makes it possible to address drives as large as 2<sup>64</sup> sectors.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://home.teleport.com/~brainy/interrupts.htm |title = teleport.com – Interrupts Page |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011102202657/http://home.teleport.com/~brainy/interrupts.htm |archive-date=2 November 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Interface size limitations ===
The first drive interface used 22-bit addressing mode which resulted in a maximum drive capacity of two gigabytes. Later, the first formalized ATA specification used a 28-bit addressing mode through [[LBA28]], allowing for the addressing of 2<sup>28</sup> ({{val|268435456}}) sectors (blocks) of 512 bytes each, resulting in a maximum capacity of 128&nbsp;[[Gibibyte|GiB]] (137&nbsp;[[Gigabyte|GB]]).

ATA-6 introduced 48-bit addressing, increasing the limit to 128 [[Pebibyte|PiB]] (144 [[Petabyte|PB]]). As a consequence, any ATA drive of capacity larger than about 137&nbsp;GB must be an ATA-6 or later drive. Connecting such a drive to a host with an ATA-5 or earlier interface will limit the usable capacity to the maximum of the interface.

Some operating systems, including [[Windows XP]] pre-SP1, and [[Windows 2000]] pre-SP3, disable [[LBA48]] by default, requiring the user to take extra steps to use the entire capacity of an ATA drive larger than about 137 gigabytes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.48bitlba.com/enablebiglba.htm |title=EnableBigLba Registry Setting in Windows 2000 and XP |author=FryeWare |year=2005 |access-date=2011-12-29}} The setting is <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\atapi\Parameters\EnableBigLba = 1</code>.</ref>

Older operating systems, such as [[Windows 98]], do not support 48-bit LBA at all. However, members of the third-party group MSFN<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enable48BitLBA - Break the 137 GB barrier!|url=http://www.msfn.org/board/topic/78592-enable48bitlba-break-the-137gb-barrier/|author=LLXX|version=1.1|date=2006-07-12|access-date=2013-09-03|archive-date=2013-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212235154/http://www.msfn.org/board/topic/78592-enable48bitlba-break-the-137gb-barrier/|url-status=dead}}</ref> have modified the Windows 98 disk drivers to add unofficial support for 48-bit LBA to [[Windows 95 OSR2]], [[Windows 98]], [[Windows 98 SE]] and [[Windows ME]].

Some 16-bit and 32-bit operating systems supporting LBA48 may still not support disks larger than 2 [[TiB]] due to using 32-bit arithmetic only; a limitation also applying to many [[boot sector]]s.

=== Primacy and obsolescence ===
Parallel ATA (then simply called ATA or IDE) became the primary storage device interface for PCs soon after its introduction. In some systems, a third and fourth motherboard interface was provided, allowing up to eight ATA devices to be attached to the motherboard. Often, these additional connectors were implemented by inexpensive [[RAID]] controllers.

Soon after the introduction of [[Serial ATA]] (SATA) in 2003, use of Parallel ATA declined. Some PCs and laptops of the era have a SATA hard disk and an optical drive connected to PATA.

As of 2007, some PC [[chipset]]s, for example the Intel ICH10, had removed support for PATA. Motherboard vendors still wishing to offer Parallel ATA with those chipsets must include an additional interface chip. In more recent computers, the Parallel ATA interface is rarely used even if present, as four or more Serial ATA connectors are usually provided on the motherboard and SATA devices of all types are common.

With [[Western Digital]]'s withdrawal from the PATA market, hard disk drives with the PATA interface were no longer in production after December 2013 for other than specialty applications.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.myce.com/news/western-digital-stops-sales-of-pata-drives-69960/#! |title=Western Digital stops sales of PATA drives |work=Myce.com |date=2013-12-20 |access-date=2013-12-25}}</ref>