Editing Paratuberculosis (section)

==Bacterium==
The disease, discovered by [[Heinrich A. Johne]], a German bacteriologist and veterinarian, in 1905, is caused by a [[bacterium]] named [[Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis|''Mycobacterium avium'' subspecies ''paratuberculosis'']], an [[acid-fast]] [[bacillus]], often abbreviated MAP. MAP is akin to, but distinct from, ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'', the main cause of [[tuberculosis]] in humans, and ''[[Mycobacterium bovis]]'', the main cause of tuberculosis in cattle and occasionally also in humans.  MAP is 99% genetically related to ''[[Mycobacterium avium]]'', but has different [[phenotype|phenotypic]] characteristics, such as:{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
* slower growth
* requires the addition of an iron transport chemical known as [[mycobactin]] when grown ''[[in vitro]]''
* forms a rough colony when grown on a solid [[agar]] medium
* Infects [[mammal]]s instead of [[bird]]s
Also, the environmental distribution of MAP is markedly different from that of ''M. avium'', which can produce mycobactin, so can grow and multiply outside the body.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}