Editing Pea (section)

== Description ==
[[File:Doperwt rijserwt bloemen Pisum sativum.jpg|thumb|Flowers]]
[[File:Pisum sativum MHNT.BOT.2010.12.9.jpg|thumb|Ripe pods dehiscing to shed ripe seeds ([[MHNT]])]]

A pea is a most commonly green, occasionally golden yellow,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diggers.com.au/shop/product/S167/Pea%20Golden%20Podded.aspx |title=Pea Golden Podded - The Diggers Club |access-date=2018-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126035837/http://www.diggers.com.au/shop/product/S167/Pea%20Golden%20Podded.aspx |archive-date=2012-01-26 }}</ref> or infrequently purple<ref>{{cite web|url=http://glallotments.co.uk/Peas.aspx|title=Purple podded peas|website=Glallotments.co.uk|access-date=21 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318123440/http://glallotments.co.uk/Peas.aspx|archive-date=18 March 2011}}</ref> pod-shaped [[vegetable]], widely grown as a cool-season vegetable crop. The seeds may be planted as soon as the soil temperature reaches {{convert|10|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, with the plants growing best at temperatures of {{convert|13|to|18|C|F}}. They do not thrive in the summer heat of warmer temperate and lowland tropical [[climate]]s, but do grow well in cooler, high-elevation, tropical areas. Many cultivars reach maturity about 60 days after planting.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4g9kgNSlOUC&pg=PA120|title=Crop Plant Anatomy|date=21 August 2017|publisher=CABI|access-date=21 August 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781780640198}}</ref>

Peas have both low-growing and [[vine|vining]] cultivars. The vining cultivars grow thin [[tendril]]s from leaves that coil around any available support and can climb to be {{convert|1|to|2|m|ft|0}} high. A traditional approach to supporting climbing peas is to thrust branches pruned from [[tree]]s or other woody plants upright into the soil, providing a lattice for the peas to climb. Branches used in this fashion are called '''pea sticks'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/grow-your-own/vegetables/peas|title=How to grow peas|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society|access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> or sometimes '''pea brush'''. Metal fences, [[twine]], or netting supported by a frame are used for the same purpose. In dense plantings, peas give each other some measure of mutual support. Pea plants can [[self-pollinate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/drypea.html|title=Dry Field Pea|website=Purdue.edu|access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref>

=== Genome ===
The pea [[karyotype]] consists of seven [[chromosome]]s, five of which are [[acrocentric]] and two [[submetacentric]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ellis |first1=T. H. N. |last2=Poyser |first2=S. J. |date=2002 |title=An integrated and comparative view of pea genetic and cytogenetic maps |journal=New Phytologist |language=en |volume=153 |issue=1 |pages=17–25 |bibcode=2002NewPh.153...17E |doi=10.1046/j.0028-646X.2001.00302.x |issn=1469-8137 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Despite its scientific popularity, its relatively large genome size (4.45[[gigabase|Gb]]) made it challenging to sequence compared to other legumes such as ''[[Medicago truncatula]]'' and [[soybean]]s. The International Pea Genome Sequencing Consortium was formed to develop the first pea [[reference genome]], and the draft assembly was officially announced in September 2019. It covers 88% of the genome (3.92Gb) and predicted 44,791 gene-coding sequences. The pea used for the assembly was the inbred French cultivar "Caméor".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kreplak |first1=Jonathan |last2=Madoui |first2=Mohammed-Amin |last3=Burstin |first3=Judith |date=September 2, 2019 |title=A reference genome for pea provides insight into legume genome evolution |journal=Nature Genetics |volume=51 |issue=9 |pages=1411–1422 |doi=10.1038/s41588-019-0480-1 |pmid=31477930 |doi-access=free}}</ref>