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Perlis
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==Etymology== The origin of the toponym 'Perlis' is vague. However, there are several theories: * According to a Malaysian historian, Mohd Yusuf bin Adil, the name comes from the [[Thai language|Thai]] phrase ''"phrao loi"'' ([[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]]: พร้าวลอย) which means ''kelapa hanyut'' ([[coconut]] washed ashore) since there were many coconuts found on the shores of [[Kuala Perlis]]. The phrase has been shortened by locals until it sounded like ''"pereleh"'' or Perlis. * It has also been suggested Perlis may be a shortened form of a [[Malay language|Malay]] word ''"peroleh"'' (obtain) as the state was a "gift" from [[Kedah]], since it was a part of Kedah before becoming a state on its own. * According to ''Negeri Perlis Indera Kayangan: Sejarah Pembentukan Sebuah Negeri Berdaulat'' by Ahmad Ismail, the name comes from a tree of the same name, which may have gone extinct. * Some researches suggests the name is derived from a northern Malay dialect word ''"perelus"'' which roughly translates as "foot falling into a crack", since Perlis is said to have a wide land filled with mud, and the people's feet may sink into the mud.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Perlis: Dari Jajahan Takluk Ke Negeri Berdaulat|last=Yazid Mat|first=Dato’}}</ref> * Additional suggestions include being named after someone, or derived from the French word ''"[[perlite]]"'' which means "rock" due to a huge rock near Sungai Perlis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://says.com/my/lifestyle/the-origins-of-state-names-in-malaysia|title=The Stories And Facts Behind How The 13 States Of Malaysia Got Their Names|last=Ruxyn|first=Tang|date=2017-04-26|website=SAYS.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref> The honorific "Indera Kayangan" was given by Tuanku Raja Syed Hussin Jamalullail (who ruled Perlis from 1843 to 1873) after the royal town of Indera Kayangan II (1797 until 1813) he was raised in now located in Kampung Langgar, Kayang within the [[Kuala Perlis]] area.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://melayu.library.uitm.edu.my/3473/1/SyedSirajuddinPutraJamalullail.pdf|title=Syed Sirajuddin Putra Jamalullail|publisher=Kerajaan Negeri Perlis & Perbadanan Perpustakaan Awam Negeri Perlis|year=2001|isbn=983-99768-2-6|location=Kangar, Perlis|pages=18, 20}}</ref> However, this epithet became less popular under the recommendation of [[Sirajuddin of Perlis|Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Putra Jamalullail]] in 2015, in which according to him is inline with the official singular name given in the state constitution his father signed without any long epithets in general "which is related to [[Indra|deities]], or any 'Darul'..."".<ref name="TheStar"/>
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