Editing Perthshire (section)

==History==
===Administrative history===
Perthshire's origins as a [[Shires of Scotland|shire]] (the area administered by a [[Sheriff principal|sheriff]]) are obscure, but it seems to have been created during the reign of [[David I of Scotland|David I]] (reigned 1124–1153).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chalmers |first1=George |title=Caledonia: Volume 7 |date=1894 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Dg6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA167 |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref>

The [[Sheriff of Perth]] had authority over several [[Provinces of Scotland|provinces]], including [[Atholl]], [[Breadalbane, Scotland|Breadalbane]], [[Gowrie]], [[Menteith]] and [[Strathearn]]. Over time, Scotland's shires became more significant than the old provinces, with more administrative functions being given to the sheriffs. In 1667 [[Commissioners of Supply]] were established for each shire, which would serve as the main administrative body for the area until the creation of county councils in 1890.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Keith |title=Act of the convention of estates of the kingdom of Scotland etc. for a new and voluntary offer to his majesty of £72,000 monthly for the space of twelve months, 23 January 1667 |url=http://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1667/1/10 |website=Records of the Parliament of Scotland |publisher=University of St Andrews |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref> Following the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] in 1707, the English term "county" came to be used interchangeably with the older term "shire".

[[File:Perth Sheriff Court 2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Perth Sheriff Court]]: County council's meeting place 1890–1930]]
Elected county councils were established in 1890 under the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889]], taking most of the functions of the commissioners (which were eventually abolished in 1930). The burgh of [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] was deemed capable of managing its own affairs and so was excluded from the administrative area of the county council, although the county council still chose to base itself there.<ref>Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, c. 50</ref> Perthshire County Council held its first official meeting on 22 May 1890 at [[Perth Sheriff Court]], then also known as County Buildings, the courthouse (built 1819) which also served as the meeting place for the commissioners.<ref>{{cite news |title=Perth County Council |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search-newspapers |access-date=2 August 2024 |work=Perthshire Constitutional and Journal |date=26 May 1890 |page=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vF4PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA313|title=Traditions of Perth, containing sketches of the manners and customs of the inhabitants, and notices of public occurrences, during the last century etc.|page=313|first=George|last= Penny |year=1836|publisher=Dewar, Sidey, Morison, Peat, and Drummond}}</ref>

The 1889 Act also led to a review of boundaries, with [[exclave]]s being transferred to a county they actually bordered, and parishes which straddled more than one county being adjusted such that each parish was entirely in a single county. There were several such changes affecting the boundaries of Perthshire, notably including the exclaves of [[Culross]] and [[Tulliallan]] being transferred to [[Fife]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shennan |first1=Hay |title=Boundaries of counties and parishes in Scotland as settled by the Boundary Commissioners under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 |date=1892 |publisher=W. Green |location=Edinburgh |page=198 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_meygAAAAMAAJ/page/n235/mode/2up |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref>

Reforms in 1930 under the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929]] saw the burgh of Perth brought within the administrative area of the county council, and merged the county councils of Perthshire and the neighbouring small county of [[Kinross-shire]] for most purposes. The two county councils continued to be elected as separate bodies, but operated together as the "Perth and Kinross Joint County Council", serving the combined area of the two counties.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929|year=1929|chapter=25|section=10|access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|city=e|issue=18972|page=165|date=16 March 1971|access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref>

[[File:AK Bell Library, Perth - Front view.jpg|thumb|left|[[A. K. Bell Library|County Offices]] in York Place, Perth: Headquarters of the Perth and Kinross Joint County Council 1930–1975]]
As part of the same reforms, the county council took over the functions of the abolished Perthshire Education Authority. The education authority had bought the former County and City Infirmary on York Place in Perth (completed 1838) in 1920 to serve as its headquarters; after 1930 it served as the headquarters of the joint county council, and was renamed [[A. K. Bell Library|County Offices]].<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num= LB39323|desc=County Council Offices, York Place, Perth|access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=19298|page=979|date=21 August 1973|city=e}}</ref>

Perthshire was abolished as an administrative area in 1975 under the [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973]]. It was split between the [[Central Region, Scotland|Central]] and [[Tayside]] Regions:

*West Perthshire (the area west and south of [[Killin, Scotland|Killin]] including [[Callander]], [[Crianlarich]] and [[Aberfoyle, Scotland|Aberfoyle]]) was included in the Stirling District of the Central Region.
*The parish of [[Muckhart]] was made part of Clackmannan District, also in the Central Region.
*[[Longforgan]] was included in the City of Dundee District, in the Tayside Region.
*The remainder of Perthshire was combined with Kinross-shire and the [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]] parish of Kettins to form the [[Perth and Kinross]] District Council in Tayside.

The two-tier system introduced in 1975 was superseded by a system of unitary authorities in 1996. The districts of Tayside and Central Scotland all became unitary authorities, with [[Longforgan]] being transferred from Dundee to Perth and Kinross. The majority of historic Perthshire lies in [[Perth and Kinross]]. The exceptions are the southwestern part that is now in the [[Stirling (council area)|Stirling council area]] and a few parishes that are now in [[Clackmannanshire]]. Perth and Kinross also contains some areas that were not historically in Perthshire, such as Kinross-shire. The [[Lieutenancy areas of Scotland|lieutenancy area]]s in the area of historic Perthshire are mostly coterminous with the council areas, the exception being that the Stirling council area forms part of a larger Stirling and Falkirk lieutenancy.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996|year=1996|number=731|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> The boundaries of the historic county of Perthshire are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being a [[registration county]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ros.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/14921/LandMassCoverageReport2015-proofed.pdf |title=Land Mass Coverage Report |publisher=Registers of Scotland |access-date=2015-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232505/https://www.ros.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/14921/LandMassCoverageReport2015-proofed.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The [[coat of arms]] of the County of Perth appears to have been granted for use on the colours and standards of the volunteer and militia units of the county raised at the end of the eighteenth century. The [[Robert Hay-Drummond, 10th Earl of Kinnoull|Earl of Kinnoull]], a native of Perthshire, and commanding officer of the Perthshire Gentlemen and Yeomanry Cavalry, was also [[Lord Lyon King of Arms]] at the time, and he presented the arms to the county in 1800. The grant document was discovered in the Lyon Office in 1890, and forwarded to the newly formed Perth County Council.

The shield is very similar to the [[royal arms of Scotland|Scottish royal arms]], reflecting that Perthshire was the home county of the [[House of Dunkeld]] and contains the former royal capital, [[Scone, Perth and Kinross|Scone]]. Further royal references are made on the [[canton (heraldry)|canton]], which shows [[Scone Palace]] surmounted by the [[Crown of Scotland]]. The [[crest (heraldry)|crest]] is a Highland soldier, reflecting that the famous [[Black Watch]] were formed in the county.<ref>{{cite book|title=Arms of the County Councils of Scotland|first=David|last=Patton|location=Port Charlotte|publisher=Argyll Reproductions Ltd|date=1977}}</ref> The supporters are an eagle and a warhorse, the former from the arms of the city of Perth.

===Burghs===
By the 1890s the county contained the following [[burgh]]s, which were largely outside the county council's jurisdiction:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*Royal Burgh of Perth (which was styled a city)
*Burgh of Auchterarder (formed 1894: reinstated as a royal burgh in 1951)
*Burgh of Aberfeldy ([[police burgh]] from 1887)
*Burgh of Abernethy ([[burgh of barony]] from 1458/9, police burgh from 1877)
*Burgh of Alyth (burgh of barony from 1488, police burgh from 1834)
*Burgh of Blairgowrie (burgh of barony 1634, police burgh 1833)
*Burgh of Rattray (police burgh 1873)
*Burgh of Callander (police burgh 1866)
*Burgh of Coupar Angus (burgh of barony 1607, police burgh 1852)
*Burgh of Crieff (burgh of barony 1674, burgh of regality 1687, police burgh 1864)
*Burgh of Doune (burgh of barony 1611, police burgh 1890)
*Burgh of Dunblane (burgh of regality of the Bishop of Dunblane 1442, police burgh 1870)
{{Div col end}}
The [[Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929]] divided burghs into two classes from 1930: [[large burgh]]s, which were to gain extra powers from the county council, and small burghs which lost many of their responsibilities.

Of the twelve burghs in Perthshire, only Perth was made a large burgh. There were ten small burghs: Blairgowrie and Rattray being united into a single burgh. In 1947 Pitlochry was created a small burgh.
{{Clear}}

===Civil parishes===
[[File:PERTH & CLACKMANNAN SHIRES Civil Parish map.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Perthshire and Clackmannanshire {{circa}} 1851.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee02wilsuoft|title=The Imperial gazetteer of Scotland; or, Dictionary of Scottish topography|first=John Marius|last=Wilson|publisher=Edinburgh A. Fullarton|via=Internet Archive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805083714/https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee02wilsuoft|archive-date=2016-08-05}}</ref> Parishes outlined in red]]
In 1894 parish councils were established for the civil parishes, replacing the previous parochial boards. 
The parish councils were in turn replaced by district councils in 1930.

Following the boundary changes caused by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, the county contained the following civil parishes:
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*Aberdaugie
*[[Aberfeldy, Scotland|Aberfeldy]]
*[[Aberfoyle, Stirling|Aberfoyle]]
*[[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]]
*[[Abernyte]]
*[[Alyth]]
*[[Ardoch, Perth and Kinross|Ardoch]]
*[[Arngask]]
*[[Auchterarder]]
*Auchtergaven [[Moneydie]]
*[[Balquhidder]]
*[[Bankfoot]]
*Bendochy
*[[Blackford, Perth and Kinross|Blackford]]
*[[Blair Atholl]]
*[[Blairgowrie and Rattray]]
*Blairmacgregor
*[[Callander]]
*[[Caputh, Perth and Kinross|Caputh]]
*Cargill
*[[Clunie]]
*[[Collace]]
*[[Comrie, Perth and Kinross|Comrie]]
*[[Coupar Angus]]
*[[Crieff]]
*[[Dowally]]
*[[Dron, Perth and Kinross|Dron]]
*[[Dull, Perth and Kinross|Dull]]
*Dunbarney
*[[Dunblane]] and [[Lecropt]]
*[[Dunkeld]] and Dowally
*[[Dunning, Perth and Kinross|Dunning]]
*[[Errol, Perth and Kinross|Errol]]
*[[Findo Gask]]
*[[Forgandenny]]
*[[Forteviot]]
*[[Fortingall]]
*Foss or Fossoway or [[Crook of Devon]]
*Fowlis Easter
*Fowlis Wester
*Glendevon
*[[Glen Shee]]
*[[Inchture]]
*Innerwick
*[[Killin]]
*[[Kilmadock]]
*[[Kilspindie]]
*[[Kincardine-in-Menteith|Kincardine]]
*Kinclaven
*Kinfauns [[Kinfauns Castle]]
*[[Kinloch, Blairgowrie|Kinloch]]
*[[Kinnaird, Gowrie]]
*[[Kinnoull]]
*[[Kirkmichael, Perth and Kinross|Kirkmichael]]
*Lethendy
*Little [[Dunkeld]]
*Logiealmond
*[[Logierait]]
*[[Longforgan]]
*[[Madderty]]
*[[Meigle]]
*[[Methven, Perth and Kinross|Methven]]
*[[Moneydie]] and Auchtergaven
*Monzie or *[[Monzievaird]] and Strowan
*[[Moulin, Scotland|Moulin]]
*[[Muckhart]]
*[[Muthill]]
*Persie
*[[Perth, Scotland|Perth]]
*[[Port of Menteith]]
*[[Blairgowrie and Rattray]]
*[[Redgorton]]
*[[Rhynd]]
*[[St Madoes]]
*St Martins
*[[Scone, Scotland|Scone]]
*[[Stanley, Perthshire|Stanley]]
*Strathfillian
*Strathloch
*Tenandry
*[[Tibbermore]]
*Trinity Gask
*[[Tullybelton]]
*[[Weem]]
{{div col end}}

===Districts===
In 1930 the ''landward'' area of the Local Government councils (the part outside of burgh boundaries) was divided into five districts, replacing the parish councils established in 1894:
*Central District
*Eastern District
*Highland District
*Perth District
*Western District