Editing Peruvian Air Force (section)

==History==

=== 20th century ===
[[File:Peru tomando posecion de mar ecuatoriano.jpg|thumb|left|Peruvian Aeronautical Corps aircraft flying over a Peruvian ship during the 1941 war]]
On 20 May 1929, the aviation divisions of the [[Peruvian Army]] and [[Peruvian Navy|Navy]] were merged into the {{lang|es|Cuerpo de Aviación del Perú}} (Peruvian Aviation Corps, abbreviated CAP). During the [[Colombia-Peru War]] of 1933, its [[Vought O2U Corsair]] and [[Curtiss F11C Goshawk|Curtiss F11C Hawk]] planes fought in the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] region. The CAP lost three aircraft to the [[Colombian Air Force]]. The corps was renamed {{lang|es|Cuerpo Aeronáutico del Perú}} (Peruvian Aeronautical Corps, also abbreviated CAP) on 12 March 1936.

====Ecuadorian–Peruvian War====
In 1941, the CAP participated in the [[Ecuadorian–Peruvian War]]. At that time, the CAP were equipped with [[Caproni Ca.114]] and [[North American P-64|North American NA.50]] {{lang|es|Torito}} fighters, [[Douglas DB-8|Douglas DB-8A-3P]] attack aircraft, and [[Caproni Ca.135]] {{lang|es|Tipo Peru}} and [[Caproni Ca.310]] {{lang|es|Libeccio}} bombers,<ref>Acig.org: {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120204042620/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_164.shtml The Most Powerful Air Force in Latin America]}}</ref> among others.

The Peruvian Air Force had also established a [[paratroop]] unit during the war and used it to great effect by seizing the strategic Ecuadorian port city of [[Puerto Bolívar]], on 27 July 1941, marking the first time in the Americas that [[airborne forces|airborne]] troops were used in combat.<ref>The paratroopers were dropped from Italian [[Caproni Ca.111]] bomber-transports. [https://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http://www.arribasiemprearriba.com/Articulos/ParacaidismoEnElPeru.htm&sl=es&tl=en Skydiving in Peru] by General Alberto Thorndike Elmore</ref>

Lieutenant [[José Quiñones Gonzales]] was a Peruvian pilot during the war. 
On 23 July 1941, his plane, a North American NA-50 fighter, was hit while performing a low-level attack on an Ecuadorian border post on the banks of the Zarumilla river. According to traditional Peruvian accounts, Quiñones, upon being hit by ground fire, crashed his damaged aircraft deliberately into the Ecuadorian anti-aircraft position, destroying it. He was promoted posthumously to captain, and is today considered a National Hero of Peru.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

In 1942, an [[National Aerophotographic Service|aerial photography service]] was annexed to the air force.<ref name=ElPeruano>{{Cite news |title=Selfie del país |url=https://elperuano.pe/noticia/65986-selfie-del-pais |date=2018-04-30 |work=[[El Peruano]]}}</ref>

====Cold War====
During the 1950s presidency of General [[Manuel A. Odría]], the Peruvian Air Force was reorganized and on 18 July 1950, had its name changed to the {{lang|es|Fuerza Aérea del Perú}} (Air Force of Peru, or FAP). Peru was an ally of the United States during this period, and was predominantly equipped with aircraft built in the US and Great Britain. By the end of General Odria's presidency, the FAP ushered in the [[Jet Age]] with the introduction of [[English Electric Canberra]] bombers and [[Hawker Hunter]], [[Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star]] and [[North American F-86 Sabre]] fighters.

However, on 3 October 1968, a military junta led by pro-Soviet Peruvian Army General [[Juan Velasco Alvarado]] organized a swift and bloodless coup d'état against president [[Fernando Belaúnde Terry]]. Velasco aligned Peru more closely with the [[Soviet Bloc]] and relations with the United States deteriorated. The US declared an arms embargo in 1969, making it difficult to obtain spare parts for Peru's American weaponry. In the 1970s and 1980s, Peru turned to the Soviet Union for its military hardware. During this time, the FAP acquired several Soviet-made aircraft, including [[Sukhoi Su-17|Sukhoi Su-22]] fighters, [[Antonov An-26]] and [[An-32]] transport aircraft, as well as [[Mil Mi-8]], [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]], [[Mi-24|Mi-25]] and [[Mi-26]] helicopters. Soviet advisors were also dispatched to Peru.

Velasco was overthrown by other military officers in 1975 and Belaúnde returned to power as a civilian president in 1980. The FAP purchased the French-made [[Dassault Mirage 5|Mirage 5P and 5DP]] and the [[Mirage 2000]] in 1984. Relations improved with the United States and the FAP obtained American aircraft like the [[Cessna A-37 Dragonfly|Cessna A-37B Dragonfly]] attack aircraft, as well as [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|Lockheed C-130]] and [[Lockheed L-100 Hercules|L-100-20 Hercules]] transport aircraft.

====Stagnation====
<!-- The picture does not have any link with this section, but I'm leaving it there if anyone wishes to move it somewhere else [[File:Peru Air Force cadets.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Peruvian Air Force cadets during their graduation ceremony]]-->[[File:FAP Su-22.jpg|thumb|Peruvian [[Su-22]] in 1983]]
The stagnation of the [[Economy of Peru|Peruvian economy]] during the late 1980s and early 1990s forced cost reductions and the downsizing of the fleet size.
Budget cuts in training meant Peruvian pilots had a low number of annual flying hours (AFH) per pilot if compared to the 1970s. The number of annual flying hours is of course very important in estimating the individual skill and experience of the pilots of an air force: more annual flying hours suggest better trained pilots and general readiness.
There are also a number of possible explanations for FAP's low AFH: concern over the aging of equipment, scarcity of spare parts – especially for the older aircraft – difficulties with worn airframes and the scarcity of fuel are all contributing factors.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} It is very likely however that some 'elite' pilots and regiments such as those based in Talara AFB and La Joya AFB received considerably more flying hours.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} Especially since those regiments until today are equipped with modern aircraft and tasked with homeland defence.

====Cenepa War====
The Peruvian Air Force participated in the 1995 [[Cenepa War]] against [[Ecuadorian Air Force|Ecuador's Air Force]] in the [[Amazon basin|Amazon Basin]]. It provided aerial support to the Peruvian army, carrying out bombings with Mi-25 helicopters, Canberra bombers, A-37 and Su-22 aircraft. Due to a lack of reliable roads, troops were transported by Mi-17 helicopters, as well as L-100 Hercules, An-28 and An-32 aircraft. During the course of the war, at least two helicopters were shot down.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Long|first=William R.|date=1995-02-08|title=Peru, Ecuador Battle on Small but Deadly Scale : Latin America: As peace talks hit snag, platoon-size units continue war in Amazon rain forest.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-02-08-mn-29584-story.html|access-date=2022-04-04|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

==== Fujimori government ====
In 1997 and 1998, the FAP's outlook started to change for the better. In order to achieve president [[Alberto Fujimori]]'s militarily bold plans, FAP required a much-needed general overhaul and new purchases.<ref>Diario La Republica http://www.ecuadorinmediato.com/Noticias/news_user_view/investigacion_peruana_corrupcion_impidio_bombardear_ecuador_2da_parte--11212</ref>

In 1997, the FAP acquired 21 [[MiG-29]] fighters and 18 [[Su-25]] attack fighters from Belarus. In 1998, an additional three MiG-29 fighters were bought from Russia,<ref>https://www.flightglobal.com/peruvian-mig-29-purchase-seals-service-deal/23330.article</ref> which, along with the 12 [[Mirage 2000]] fighters purchased from France's Dassault Aviation in 1984, made a total of 54 fighters in Peru's inventory.

These purchases were expensive and a number of observers questioned their usefulness against more pressing security concerns at the time such as the Marxist guerillas, the [[Sendero Luminoso]] group (translated as Shining Path). On the other hand, the FAP still remembered the 1995 Cenepa War with Ecuador, and stationed its MiG-29s close to the border at Chiclayo AFB and Talara AFB.

=== 21st century ===
[[File:Peruvian Air Force personnel 2018.jpg|left|thumb|Various armed personnel of the Peruvian Air Force]]Peru's Mirage 2000C/B and MiG-29S fighters form the backbone of its current multirole fighter fleet, alongside specialized Su-25 close air support jets. Its Mirage 2000Ps sit at La Joya AFB near the border with Bolivia and Chile; the 3 Andean countries have a minor 3-way maritime borders dispute, and residual tensions with historical foe Chile have been a long-running issue in Peru.

RAC MiG began the upgrade of FAP's MiG fleet to the MiG-29SMT external link standard in 2008. In 2009, Dassault began working with Peru on a comprehensive inspection of the Mirage fleet, coupled with some electronics modernization.

Since 2013, Peru is in talks with European suppliers as part of a long-term plan of replacing FAP's aging air force aircraft with second-hand [[Sukhoi Su-35|Su-35]]s, [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]]s or [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter]]s. Hitherto, FAP was exploring the possibility of buying as many as sixty Eurofighter Typhoon EF-2000 from [[Spain]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spain offers Eurofighters to Peru|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/spain-offers-eurofighters-to-peru/108659.article|access-date=2022-06-30|website=Flight Global|language=en}}</ref> and sixty Sukhoi Su-35 from [[Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peru mulls replacing aged air force jets|url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2013/03/26/Peru-mulls-replacing-aged-air-force-jets/16101364290342/|access-date=2022-06-30|website=UPI|language=en}}</ref> Cost was a major issue for Peruvian President [[Ollanta Humala]], who was looking at competitively priced fighter jets that would fit the national budget. In 2014, Peru began to update the operations and mechanical equipment of its [[Cessna A-37 Dragonfly|Cessna A-37]] aircraft, replacing analog controls with new digital hardware.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dialogo-americas.com/en/articles/peruvian-air-force-upgrades-fifth-37b-aircraft|title=Peruvian Air Force Upgrades Fifth A-37B Aircraft|work=Dialogo Americas|access-date=2018-05-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Peru has been evaluating multiple helicopters to modernize or replace previous utility helicopters and search and rescue operations with the Italian-made [[AW139]]. The purchase would consist of 12 helicopters for a total of $193 million.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

Following the unveiling of the [[KAI KF-21 Boramae]] in April 2021, ''[[The National Interest]]'' reported that Peru may be a potential customer for the [[Fourth-generation fighter#4.5 generation|4.5 generation fighter]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roblin|first=Sebastien|date=2021-04-13|title=Korea's New KF-21 Jet Isn't A Stealth Fighter—But Could Evolve Into One|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/korea%E2%80%99s-new-kf-21-jet-isn%E2%80%99t-stealth-fighter%E2%80%94-could-evolve-one-182600|access-date=2021-04-21|website=[[The National Interest]]|language=en}}</ref>