Editing Peruvian Navy (section)

==History==
===19th century===
[[File:Angamos2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Naval Battle of Angamos|Battle of Angamos]], 8 October 1879]]
The ''Marina de Guerra del Perú'' was established on 8 October 1821 by the government of general [[José de San Martín]]. Its first actions were undertaken during the [[History of Peru#Wars of independence (1811–1824)|War of Independence]] (1821–1824) using captured Spanish [[warship]]s. The Peruvian Naval Infantry was also formed during the war with Spain, performing successfully in their first battle where they seized [[Arica]] from the Spanish.<ref name="MARINEhistory">{{cite web|title=Comandancia de Fuerzas de Infanteria – Marina de Guerra del Perú|url=https://www.marina.mil.pe/page/comandanciainfanteria|website=marina.mil.pe|publisher=Marina de Guerra del Perú|access-date=December 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229111554/https://www.marina.mil.pe/page/comandanciainfanteria|archive-date=December 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Shortly afterwards it was engaged in the war against the [[Republic of Gran Colombia|Gran Colombia]] (1828–1829) during which it conducted a [[blockade]] against the [[seaport]] of [[Guayaquil]] and then assisted in the subsequent Peruvian occupation. The Navy saw further action during the war of the [[War of the Confederation|Peru-Bolivian Confederacy]] (1836–1839) and during the [[Chincha Islands War]] with Spain (1866).

The outbreak of the [[War of the Pacific]] (1879–1883) caught the Peruvian Navy unprepared and with inferior forces in comparison to the [[Chilean Navy]]. Even so, [[hit-and-run tactics]] carried out by Peruvian [[Admiral]] [[Miguel Grau Seminario|Miguel Grau]], commander of the [[ironclad]] {{ship||Huáscar|ship|2}}, famously delayed the Chilean advance by six months until his death and defeat at the [[Battle of Angamos]].

===20th century===
Following the War of the Pacific, the Peruvian Navy had to be completely rebuilt. In 1900 the force consisted of only one [[cruiser]] of 1,700 tons [[displacement (ship)|displacement]], a screw-driven [[steamboat|steamer]], and ten smaller ships – the latter described by a contemporary British publication as "of no real value".<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Keltie|editor-first=J. S. |title=The Statesman's Year Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1900 |location=New York |publisher=MacMillan |date=1900 |page=887}} (Retrieved via Google Books 3/4/11.)</ref> The lengthy process of expansion and rebuilding started in 1907 with the acquisition from the United Kingdom of the [[scout cruiser]]s {{ship|BAP|Almirante Grau|1907|2}} and ''Coronel Bolognesi'', followed by the arrival of two submarines, ''Ferré'' and ''Palacios'', from France in 1911. During the [[President of Peru|Presidency]] of [[Augusto B. Leguía]] (1919–1930) a Navy [[Ministry (government department)|Ministry]] was established as well as a [[Naval aviation|Navy Aviation Corps]], both in 1920.

[[File:Dia 172V3.jpg|thumb|left|[[BAP Almirante Grau (CLM-81)|BAP ''Almirante Grau'' (CLM-81)]] in June 1973]]

Border conflicts with [[Colombia]] in 1911 and 1932 and a [[Ecuadorian–Peruvian War|war]] with [[Ecuador]] in 1941 saw Peruvian warships involved in some skirmishes in support of the [[Peruvian Army|Army]]. The [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] brought [[World War II]] to the Pacific and even though Peru did not declare war on the [[Axis Powers|Axis]] until 1945, its Navy was involved in patrol missions against possible threats by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] from early 1942 up to mid-1945.

During the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s the Peruvian Navy carried out a major buildup programme<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/peru/pe_appen.html#table25|title=Armed Forces Strength in selected years, 1829 – 1992|access-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> which allowed it to take advantage over its traditional rival, the Chilean Navy. The navy purchased one cruiser the [[BAP Almirante Grau (CLM-81)|BAP ''Almirante Grau'' (CLM-81)]] from the Netherlands, eight [[Carvajal-class frigate|''Carvajal''-class frigate]]s from Italy – four newly purchased and four ex-''Lupo''-class frigates – as well as six [[PR-72P-class]] [[corvette]]s from France. The buildup proved to be temporary due to the economic crisis of the second half of the 1980s, forcing the [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioning]] of several warships and resulting in a general lack of funds for [[Repair and maintenance|maintenance]].

The economic upturn of the 1990s and into the 2000s would later permit some improvement, although at a reduced force level compared to the early 1980s.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}

=== 21st century ===
[[File:BAP Almirante Grau (FM-53).jpg|250x250px|thumb|[[BAP Almirante Grau (FM-53)|BAP ''Almirante Grau'' (FM-53)]], current fleet flagship]]

Into the 21st century, the Peruvian Navy began to modernize their ships. In 2008, the Type 209/1100 submarines were modernized<ref name="subMODERN">{{cite web|title=Peruvian Navy begins Type 209/1200 submarine modernization|url=https://navaltoday.com/2017/12/14/peruvian-navy-begins-type-209-1200-submarine-modernization/|website=Naval Today|date=December 14, 2017|access-date=December 15, 2017}}</ref> while the [[Carvajal-class frigate|''Carvajal''-class frigates]] began to be modernized in 2011.<ref name="PERnav">{{cite web|title=Marina de Guerra del Perú {{!}} COMOPERPAC|url=https://www.marina.mil.pe/en/organos/comoperpac/superficie/|website=Peruvian Navy|access-date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> The Type 209/1200 submarines began to be modernized in late-2017 beginning with the [[BAP Chipana (SS-34)|BAP ''Chipana'' (SS-34)]].<ref name="subMODERN"/>

[[SIMA]] has continued to construct ships for the Navy. In 2013, SIMA partnered with [[POSCO International|Posco Daewoo Corporation]] and Daesun Shipbuilding of South Korea to construct two [[Makassar-class landing platform dock|''Makassar''-class landing platform dock]]s.<ref name="NRmay17">{{cite web|title=Peru launched its First LPD – BAP Pisco Landing Platform Dock|url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/may-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5178-peru-launched-its-first-lpd-bap-pisco-landing-platform-dock.html|website=Navy Recognition|access-date=July 27, 2017|date=May 4, 2017}}</ref> The {{ship|BAP|Pisco|AMP-156}}, recently launched on 25 April 2017, as well as the BAP Paita which is currently under construction will provide [[Peru]] with increased [[expeditionary warfare]] capabilities, with the ability to accommodate multiple [[Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel]], newly purchased [[ASLAV#ASLAV Type II|LAV II]]s and helicopters.<ref name="NRmay17"/><ref>{{cite web|title=GDLS culmina las entregas de LAV II a la Infantería de Marina peruana-noticia defensa.com|url=http://www.defensa.com/peru/gdls-culmina-entregas-lav-ii-infanteria-marina-peruana|website=Defensa.com|access-date=July 23, 2017|date=August 19, 2016}}</ref>

In 2018, a modernization program was initiated to upgrade Peru's [[Type 209 submarine|Type 209/1200]] submarines, the [[BAP Chipana (SS-34)|BAP ''Chipana'']]'','' [[BAP Angamos (SS-31)|BAP ''Angamos'']], [[BAP Antofagasta (SS-32)|BAP ''Antofagasta'']] and [[BAP Pisagua (SS-33)|BAP ''Pisagua'']], with a contract with [[ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems]] being made for further assistance with SIMA''.<ref name="subMODERN2">{{cite web|url=https://navaltoday.com/2017/12/14/peruvian-navy-begins-type-209-1200-submarine-modernization/|title=Peruvian Navy begins Type 209/1200 submarine modernization|website=Naval Today|date=December 14, 2017|access-date=December 15, 2017}}</ref>''

During the [[2017–present Peruvian political crisis]], the Navy of Peru was involved in political scandals. During the [[First impeachment process against Martín Vizcarra|first impeachment process against]] president [[Martín Vizcarra]], the next in the [[order of succession]] to the presidency, President of the Congress [[Manuel Merino]], had been in contact with the Commanding General of the Navy saying that he was attempting to remove Vizcarra from office.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-12|title=El Gobierno peruano califica de "golpismo" la moción de censura contra Vizcarra|url=https://www.abc.es/internacional/abci-gobierno-peruano-califica-golpismo-mocion-censura-contra-vizcarra-202009130155_noticia.html|access-date=2020-09-17|website=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]|language=es}}</ref> While the [[2021 Peruvian general election]] was underway, the imprisoned former head of the [[National Intelligence Service (Peru)|National Intelligence Service]] (SIN) [[Vladimiro Montesinos]] was able to make phone calls from a [[landline]] telephone at the [[Centro de Reclusión de Máxima Seguridad]] (CEREC) at the Callao Naval Base to organize projects and campaign support for [[Keiko Fujimori]] in the [[Vladimiro Montesinos#Vladi-audios|''Vladi-audios'']] scandal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-01|title=Operaciones "irregulares" del 'Doc' desde la Base Naval |url=https://www.idl-reporteros.pe/operaciones-irregulares-del-doc-desde-la-base-naval/|access-date=2021-12-21|website=[[IDL Reporteros]]}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Los fantasmas vuelven en Perú: Montesinos tramó el soborno de tres jueces electorales|url=https://www.ambito.com/mundo/peru/los-fantasmas-vuelven-montesinos-tramo-el-soborno-tres-jueces-electorales-n5209594|access-date=2021-12-21|website=Ambito}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-06-26|title=Conspiraciones telefónicas |url=https://www.idl-reporteros.pe/conspiraciones-telefonicas/|access-date=2021-12-21|website=[[IDL Reporteros]]}}</ref>