Editing Philippine tarsier (section)

== Etymology and taxonomic history ==
[[File:Philippine Tarsier.jpg|thumbnail|Philippine tarsier climbing a tree]]
The tarsier is named for its elongated "[[Tarsus (skeleton)|tarsus]]" or ankle bone.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.americazoo.com/goto/index/mammals/93.htm | title = Philippine tarsier | work =  America Zoo | access-date = November 15, 2006}}</ref> The genus '''Carlito''' is named after conservationist Carlito Pizarras.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carlito Pizarras, Also known as tarsier man|url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/photos/carlito-pizarras-known-tarsier-man-photo-081243829.html|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=March 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216185746/http://ph.news.yahoo.com/photos/carlito-pizarras-known-tarsier-man-photo-081243829.html|archive-date=December 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Philippine tarsier is known as ''mawumag'' in [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] and other [[Visayan languages]], and ''magô'' in [[Waray language|Waray]],<ref>Tramp, George Dewey Jr. ''Waray-English Dictionary'' Dunwoody Press Kensington, Maryland USA 1995 page 251</ref><ref>Makabenta, Eduardo A. Sr. ''Pagpurulungan nga Binisaya '' (2nd edition). Adbox Book Distributors and Eduardo A. Makabenta Sr. Foundation. Quezon City 2004 page 83</ref> It is also known as ''mamag'', ''magau'', ''malmag'', and ''magatilok-iok''.<ref>[http://www.bohol.ph/article.php?id=15 The Philippine tarsier] www.bohol.ph Retrieved November 18, 2006.</ref>

===Taxonomic classification===
The Philippine tarsier is the only member of the genus ''Carlito'' and a member of the family [[Tarsiidae]]. Three subspecies are recognised:<ref name=2010_Groves_Shekelle/>
*'''Family [[Tarsiidae]]'''
**Genus ''[[Tarsius]]'': found in Sulawesi
**Genus ''[[Cephalopachus]]'': found in Sundaland
**'''Genus ''Carlito''''': found in Greater Mindanao
***'''Species ''Carlito syrichta'''''
****Subspecies ''Carlito syrichta syrichta'' from Leyte and Samar
****Subspecies ''Carlito syrichta fraterculus'' from Bohol
****Subspecies ''Carlito syrichta carbonarius'' from Mindanao

===Changes in taxonomy===
Previously all living tarsiers had been placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Tarsius]]'', but a 2010 taxonomic revision by Shekelle and Groves placed the distinctive Philippine tarsier in its own genus, ''Carlito''.<ref name="2010_Groves_Shekelle">{{cite journal | last1 = Groves | first1 = C. | last2 = Shekelle | first2 = M. | title = The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae | journal = International Journal of Primatology | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 1071–1082 | year = 2010  | doi = 10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1| s2cid = 21220811 }}</ref> 

The Philippine tarsier was introduced to Western biologists in the 18th century through the missionary J.G. Camel's description given to J. Petiver of an animal said to have come from the Philippines. Petiver published Camel's description in 1705 and named the animal ''Cercopithecus luzonis minimus'' which was the basis for Linnaeus' (1758) ''Simia syrichta''<ref>{{cite book|last=Linnæus|first=Carl|title=Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I|year=1758|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|location=Holmiæ|page=29|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80764#page/39/mode/1up|edition=10th|access-date=November 21, 2012|language=la}}</ref> and eventually ''Carlito syrichta'', the scientific name as of 2010.<ref name=2010_Groves_Shekelle/><ref>{{cite journal |last=Cabrera |first=Angel |date=May 1923 |title= On the Identification of ''Simia syrichta'' Linnaeus |journal= Journal of Mammalogy |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=89–91 |doi=10.2307/1373538  |jstor=1373538 |publisher=American Society of Mammalogists }}</ref>

The [[IUCN]] taxonomic note lists two subspecies, but the non-nominate one is poorly defined at present, so the species is treated as a whole. ''Tarsius syrichta carbonarius'' and ''Tarsius s. fraterculus'' were recognized by Hill (1955) as weakly defined subspecies. [[Carsten Niemitz|Niemitz]] (1984) found the differences to be insignificant based upon comparisons with museum specimens. Musser and Dagosto (1987) felt that the available museum specimens were insufficient to resolve the issue, but mentioned that Heaney felt that a single male tarsier from Dinagat might be distinct. Groves (2001) did not recognize any subspecies of ''C. syrichta'',<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> but Groves and Shekelle (2010) recognized the subspecies ''C. s. fraterculus'', ''C. s. syrichta'', and ''C. s. carbonarius'' when splitting the species of ''Tarsius'' into ''Carlito''.<ref name=2010_Groves_Shekelle/>