Editing Piaseczno (section)

==History==

===Early history===
[[File:Kościół p.w. św.Anny i dzwonnica w Piasecznie ann03.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Gothic-Renaissance St. Anne church]]
The origins of the city date back to a 13th-century village, located on the route between [[Warsaw]] and [[Czersk, Masovian Voivodeship|Czersk]]. Its strategic position meant that the village grew quickly. On 5 November 1429 the town obtained a [[charter]], and soon became a local [[Market town|market]]. A further charter was confirmed in 1461.<ref name="W. Bagińscy 2004, p 5-6">E. i W. Bagińscy, Szkice z dziejów Miasta Piaseczna, wyd. OK Piaseczno, 2004, p 5-6.</ref>

In 1537 the town became [[Sigismund I the Old|Royal]] property and in the second half of the 16th century reached 1200 inhabitants based round the [[brewing]] and transport industries.<ref name="W. Bagińscy 2004, p 5-6"/> Piaseczno was a [[Royal city in Poland|royal town]] of Poland, administratively located in the [[Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)|Masovian Voivodeship]] in the [[Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Greater Poland Province]]. However, the city suffered setbacks because of numerous fires in the late 16th and early 17th centuries but returned to its former glory in the first half of the 18th century.

During the [[Kościuszko Uprising]], on 9–10 July 1794, the Battle of Gołków was fought nearby between the Poles and the Russians, and then the town was burned by the Russians. Only a church and a few houses survived.

===Late modern era===
From 1806 to 1807 a [[First French Empire|French]] [[cavalry]] unit was stationed in the town as part of the [[Napoleonic wars]], and from 1808 to 1811 this was replaced by the Polish 1st Regiment mounted rifles. The [[Congress of Vienna]], saw the area ceded to [[Russian Empire|Russia]] in 1815.

In 1825 the road from Warsaw and shortly afterward the railway improved links to Warsaw. As a result, Piaseczno experienced a period of economic recovery. Local Poles took part in the large [[January Uprising]] of 1863–1864. On June 15, 1864, a clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops took place near Piaseczno.<ref>{{cite book|last=Zieliński|first=Stanisław|title=Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu|year=1913|language=pl|publisher=Fundusz Wydawniczy [[Polish Museum, Rapperswil|Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu]]|location=Rapperswil|page=54}}</ref>

In 1890, Countess [[Cecylia Plater-Zyberk]] bought the Chyliczki estate with the Poniatówka manor house, where she settled.<ref name=cpz/> The following year she established a nationally renowned school for girls, where women from low-income families could also receive an education.<ref name=cpz>{{cite magazine|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=31 May 2023|title=170 urodziny Cecylii Plater-Zyberkówny|magazine=Gazeta Piaseczyńska|language=pl|issue=3 (237)|page=2}}</ref>

In September and October 1914 Piaseczno was the site of fierce fighting between [[Imperial German Army|German]] and [[Imperial Russian Army|Russian]] forces in the battle for Warsaw. In May 1917, the new City Council held its first council meeting. In November 1918, German gendarmerie surrendered to local Poles and the town was restored to Poland, which just regained independence. In the [[interbellum]] Piaseczno formed part of the Polish [[Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Warsaw Voivodeship]].

On June 4, 1928, [[Polish President]] [[Ignacy Mościcki]] laid the cornerstone for the folk house and in 1933 [[Marshal of Poland|Marshal]] [[Józef Piłsudski]] was made an honorary citizen of the city.

===World War II===
[[File:Pomnik powstancow warszawskich w Piasecznie.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Memorial at the site of a massacre of over 40 Polish insurgents committed by the Germans in 1944]]
[[World War II]] began for the city on 9 and 10 September 1939, when the Polish 54 [[light artillery]] [[regiment]] fought a [[skirmish]] with a German [[tank division|armored division]]. On September 10, 1939, German troops committed [[Piaseczno massacre|a massacre]] of 21 [[German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war|Polish prisoners of war]] in the town (see also ''[[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation]]'').<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Sudoł|first=Tomasz|year=2011|title=Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jeńcach polskich we wrześniu 1939 roku|magazine=Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej|language=Polish|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|issue=8-9 (129-130)|page=80|issn=1641-9561}}</ref> Afterwards, the Germans terrorized the population, and Poles over the age of 14 were subjected to [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]].<ref name=ac16>{{cite book|last=Cubała|first=Agnieszka|year=2019|title=Piaseczno '44. Miasto i ludzie|language=Polish|location=Piaseczno|page=16}}</ref> Additionally, around 400 people were captured in [[Łapanka|roundups]] and deported to forced labour in Germany.<ref name=ac16/> The Germans also committed massacres of Poles in nearby forests as part of the ''[[German AB-Aktion in Poland|AB-Aktion]]''.<ref name=ac16/>

In 1940, during the Nazi [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|Occupation of Poland]], [[Nazi Germany|German authorities]] established a [[Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe|Jewish ghetto]] in Piaseczno (the {{ill|Piaseczno Ghetto|pl|Getto piaseczyńskie}}),<ref name="statistics">The statistical data compiled on the basis of [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208215116/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ |date=2016-02-08 }} by ''[[Virtual Shtetl]]'' [[Museum of the History of the Polish Jews]] &nbsp;{{in lang|en}}, as well as [http://www.izrael.badacz.org/historia/szoa_getto.html "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon''], &nbsp;{{in lang|pl}} and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm &nbsp;{{in lang|en}}. Accessed July 12, 2011.</ref> in order to confine its [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jewish population]] for the purpose of persecution and exploitation.<ref name="holocaustchronicle">[http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/176.html "The War Against The Jews."] ''The Holocaust Chronicle,'' 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.</ref> The ghetto was liquidated in January 1941, when all its 2,500 inhabitants were transported in cattle trucks to the [[Warsaw Ghetto]], the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of {{convert|1.3|sqmi|km2}}. From there, most victims were sent to [[Treblinka extermination camp]].<ref name="ushmm-5069">[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005069 Warsaw Ghetto], [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] (USHMM), [[Washington, D.C.]]</ref><ref name="Lukas">[[Richard C. Lukas]], ''Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust'', University Press of Kentucky 1989 - 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, ''The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944'', University Press of Kentucky, 1986, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9obsxmuW4C&dq=%22&pg=PA13 Google Print, p.13].</ref><ref name=GSP-JHEd>[[Gunnar S. Paulsson]], "The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland," ''Journal of Holocaust Education'', Vol.7, Nos.1&2, 1998, pp.19-44. Published by Frank Cass, London.</ref><ref name="ushmm-7445">Edward Victor, [http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/ghetto_home_main.htm "Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608060416/http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/ghetto_home_main.htm |date=2011-06-08 }} ''Judaica Philatelic''. Accessed June 20, 2011.</ref>

The [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]] was active, [[Education in Poland during World War II|secret Polish education]] was organized, and the present-day district of [[Zalesie Dolne]] was the location of secret meetings of both the command of the [[Grey Ranks]] and the Education Department of the [[Government Delegation for Poland]].<ref>Cubała, pp. 18–19, 28</ref>

In 1944, local Poles supported the Polish [[Warsaw Uprising]], which took place in nearby Warsaw, and some were killed by the Germans in revenge.<ref name=ac8>Cubała, p. 8</ref> During the uprising, the occupiers perpetrated two massacres of Poles within the present-day town limits, killing over 50 people.<ref name=ore>{{cite web|url=https://piaseczno.eu/obelisk-w-miejscu-rozstrzelania-przez-niemcow-w-1944-r-11-mieszkancow-dzielnicy-orezna/|title=Obelisk w miejscu rozstrzelania przez Niemców w 1944 r. 11 mieszkańców dzielnicy Orężna|website=Piaseczno.eu|access-date=7 December 2023|language=pl}}</ref><ref name=chy>{{cite web|url=https://piaseczno.eu/obelisk-w-miejscu-rozstrzelania-w-sierpniu-1944-r-40-powstancow/|title=Obelisk w miejscu rozstrzelania w sierpniu 1944 r. 40 powstańców|website=Piaseczno.eu|access-date=7 December 2023|language=pl}}</ref> From August 1944, a secret Polish hospital for wounded insurgents from Warsaw operated in the town.<ref name=ac8/> Many Poles fled from the Germans from Warsaw to Piaseczno, and were sheltered by the local population.<ref name=ac119>Cubała, pp. 119–120</ref> After the uprising, in October 1944, the German army surrounded Piaseczno and caught some 1,000 Polish refugees from Warsaw.<ref name=ac119/> The [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation]] ended on January 17, 1945, when the Polish [[1st Warsaw Armoured Brigade]] entered the town without a fight.
[[File:Fashion House Shopping Mall, Piaseczno (1).jpg|thumb|220px|The Fashion House Outlet shopping centre]]

===Recent history===
In 1952, town limits were expanded by including the settlements of [[Orężna]], [[Zalesie Dolne]] and Zalesinek as new neighbourhoods.<ref>{{Cite Polish law|title=Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 3 maja 1952 r. w sprawie zmiany granic niektórych powiatów w województwie warszawskim.|year=1952|volume=26|number=177}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Polish law|title=Rozporządzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrów z dnia 3 maja 1952 r. w sprawie utworzenia i zmiany granic niektórych miast w powiatach warszawskim i radzymińskim, województwie warszawskim.|year=1952|volume=26|number=181}}</ref>

===Town Hall===
The original [[Town Hall]] was burned down in 1655 by the [[Swedes]] during [[Deluge (history)|the Deluge]]. The second accidentally burned down in 1730. A third Town Hall was constructed in the middle of the 18th century but was burned down during the [[Kościuszko Uprising]] in 1794. In 1815 the rebuilding was initiated and the current Town hall was built in a [[classical style]] between 1823 and 1824.

===Religious communities===

For some time the town of Piaseczno had a diverse religious community.

* In 1820 there were 893 inhabitants, of whom 171 were [[Jews]] (about 19[[percent|%]]).
* The 1897 census showed Piaseczno had 2760 inhabitants with 41.5% [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]]s, 40% Jewish and 17.9% [[protestant]].<ref>[http://luteranie-piaseczno.cba.pl/historia.piaseczno.php Ewangelicyzm w Gminie Piaseczno]</ref>
* In 1918 there were 6956 people in the town. Catholics were about 40%, Jews about 56% and sizable protestant and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] populations also existed.

As stated above, the Jewish community was deported by the German occupiers to the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] in 1940.

Piaseczno was the seat of a Hasidic dynasty founded by [[Kalonymus Kalman Shapira|Rabbi Kalonymus Kalman Shapiro]], currently maintained by his extended family in Israel.