Editing Pierre Bourdieu (section)

==Life and career==
Pierre Bourdieu was born in [[Denguin]] ([[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]]), in southern France, to a postal worker and his wife. The household spoke [[Béarnese dialect|Béarnese]], a [[Gascon language|Gascon]] dialect. In 1962, Bourdieu married Marie-Claire Brizard, and the couple would go on to have three sons, Jérôme, [[Emmanuel Bourdieu|Emmanuel]], and Laurent.

Bourdieu was educated at the [[Lycée Louis-Barthou]] in [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]] before moving to the [[Lycée Louis-le-Grand]] in [[Paris]]. From there he gained entrance to the [[École Normale Supérieure]] (ENS), also in Paris, where he studied [[philosophy]] alongside [[Louis Althusser]]. After getting his [[agrégation]], Bourdieu worked as a lycée teacher at [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] for a year before his [[Conscription in France|conscription]] into the [[French Army]] in 1955.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reed-Danahay |first=Deborah. |date=2005 |title=Remembering Pierre Bourdieu, 1930-2002 |url=https://iupress.org/9780253217325/locating-bourdieu/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=Indiana University Press}}</ref>

His biographers write that he chose not to enter the Reserve Officer's College like many of his fellow ENS graduates as he wished to stay with people from his own modest social background.<ref name="books.google.ie">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vmVJbr6_0AoC&pg=PA36 |title= Jane Goodman, 'Bourdieu in Algeria' (2009) pp. 8–9 |date= July 2009|access-date= 20 April 2014|isbn= 978-0803225121 |last1= Goodman |first1= Jane E. |publisher= U of Nebraska Press }}</ref> Deployed to [[Algeria]] in October 1955 during its [[Algerian War|war of independence]] from France, Bourdieu served in a unit guarding military installations before being transferred to [[Clerk|clerical work]].<ref name="books.google.ie"/>

After his year-long military service, Bourdieu stayed on as a lecturer in Algiers.<ref name=TheGuardian2002>{{cite news|author= Douglas Johnson |url= https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,640396,00.html |title= ''The Guardian'' obituary, Douglas Johnson 28 January 2002 |newspaper= Guardian |date= 28 January 2002|access-date= 20 April 2014}}</ref> During the [[Algerian War]] in 1958–1962, Bourdieu undertook [[ethnographic]] [[research]] into the clash through a study of the [[Kabyle people]]s of the [[Amazigh]], laying the groundwork for his [[anthropological]] reputation. <!--no cite for serving in army only cite for studies, so took it out-->The result was his first book, ''Sociologie de l'Algérie'' (1958; ''The Sociology of Algeria''), which became an immediate success in France and was published in the United States in 1962. He later drew heavily on this fieldwork in his 1972 book ''Outline of a Theory of Practice'', a strong intervention into [[Anthropology|anthropological theory]].<ref name=practice/>

Bourdieu routinely sought to connect theoretical ideas with [[empirical]] research and his work can be seen as [[sociology of culture]] or, as he described it, a "Theory of Practice". His contributions to sociology were both evidential and theoretical (i.e., calculated through both systems). His key terms would be [[habitus (sociology)|habitus]], ''capital'', and [[field (Bourdieu)|field]].

He extended the idea of [[capital (economics)|capital]] to categories such as ''[[social capital]]'', ''[[cultural capital]]'', ''[[financial capital]]'', and ''[[symbolic capital]]''. For Bourdieu each individual occupies a position in a multidimensional ''social space''; a person is not defined only by [[social class]] membership, but by every single kind of capital he can articulate through social relations. That capital includes the value of social networks, which Bourdieu showed could be used to produce or reproduce inequality.

In 1960, Bourdieu returned to the [[University of Paris]] before gaining a teaching position at the [[Université Lille Nord de France|University of Lille]], where he remained until 1964. From 1964 onwards Bourdieu held the position of Professor (Directeur d'études) in the VIe section of the École Pratique des Hautes Études (the future [[École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales]]), and from 1981 the Chair of Sociology at the [[Collège de France]] (held before him by [[Raymond Aron]] and [[Maurice Halbwachs]]). In 1968, Bourdieu took over the Centre de Sociologie Européenne, founded by Aron, which he directed until his death.

In 1975, with the research group he had formed at the Centre de Sociologie Européenne, he launched the interdisciplinary journal {{lang|fr|[[Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales]]}}, with which he sought to transform the accepted canons of sociological production while buttressing the scientific rigor of sociology. In 1993 he was honored with the "Médaille d'or du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" ([[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique|CNRS]]). In 1996 he received the Goffman Prize from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] and in 2001 the Huxley Medal of the [[Royal Anthropological Institute]].<ref name=TNYT2002>{{cite news|author= Alan Riding |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/25/world/pierre-bourdieu-71-french-thinker-and-globalization-critic.html |title= ''The New York Times'' obituary, Alan Riding 25 January 2002 |date= 25 January 2002|access-date= 20 April 2014|newspaper= The New York Times }}</ref> Bourdieu died of cancer at the age of 71.<ref name=TheGuardian2002 />