Editing Pisco (section)

==Etymology==
[[File:Piscos.JPG|thumb|right|Colonial era [[amphora]]e called ''pisko'' in Cañete Valley, Peru]]
The oldest use of the word ''pisco'' to denote Peruvian [[aguardiente]] dates from 1764.<ref name=Lacoste/> The beverage may have acquired its [[Quechua languages|Quechua]] name from the Peruvian town of [[Pisco, Peru|Pisco]], once an important colonial port for the exportation of viticultural products,<ref name=ConciseOxfordDictionary>''[[Concise Oxford Dictionary]]'', 12th edition, 2012.</ref> which is located on the coast of Peru in the valley of Pisco, by the [[:es:Río Pisco|river]] with the same name.<ref name="OED">"Pisco", ''Oxford English Dictionary''. second ed. 1989.</ref> From there, "Aguardiente de Pisco" was exported to Europe, especially Spain, where the beverage's name was abbreviated to "Pisco".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gade |first1=Daniel W. |title=Vitivinicultura andina: difusión, medio ambiente y adaptación cultural |trans-title=Andean viticulture: dissemination, environment and cultural adaptation |language=ca |journal=Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia |date=2 December 2005 |issue=58 |pages=69–87 |url=https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000019/00000030.pdf}}</ref>

The [[Vienna|Viennese]] newspaper ''[[Wiener Zeitung]]'' in 1835 reported on the Peruvian spirit made from [[Italia (grape)|Italia grapes]]:

{{blockquote|A large quantity of a spirit known as Pisco de Italia, imported from Peru, was consumed in Chile. But since the import duties are so high, a similar grape with large oval berries has been used to produce a similar drink, which has almost completely displaced the Peruvian. [''Ehemals wurde in Chile eine große Menge des unter dem Nahmen ''Pisco de Italia'' im Lande bekannten Branntweins verbraucht, der aus Peru kam; aber seitdem die Einfuhrzölle so hoch sind, hat man aus einer Art Traube mit großen ovalen Beeren ein ähnliches Getränk bereitet, welches das peruanische fast gänzlich verdrängt hat.'']|''Wiener Zeitung''|Saturday, 1 August 1835, page 1}}

In the ''Medical Lexikon'' of Robley Dunglison (1858) it is stated that, following observations of Swiss [[Johann Jakob von Tschudi]]:
{{Blockquote|In Peru, the common brandy obtained from grapes is the Aguardiente de Pisco, so called because shipped at the port of Pisco. |''Medical Lexicon: A Dictionary of Medical Science''|1858, page 859}}

Chilean linguist Rodolfo Lenz said that the word ''pisco'' was used all along the Pacific coast of [[the Americas]] from [[Arauco Province|Arauco]] to Guatemala, and that the word would be of Quechua origin meaning "bird".<ref name=Orich/>

This claim is disputed by Chilean linguist Mario Ferreccio Podesta, who supports the former [[Real Academia Española]] etymology according to which ''pisco'' was originally a word for a mud container.<ref name=Orich/> However, the Real Academia Española later supported Lenz's theory, and underlines the Quechua origin.<ref name=Orich>{{cite web|url=http://buscon.rae.es/drae/srv/search?id=IpQXu2hteDXX2qyLgSw2%7cxPapIiZuUDXX2No6Ryra |title=Real Academia Española, Diccionario usual. |publisher=RAE.es |access-date=2013-08-03}}</ref>

Other origins for the word ''pisco'' have been explored, including a [[Mapudungun]] etymology where "pishku" has been interpreted as "something boiled in a pot", which would relate to the concept of burned wine (Spanish: ''vino quemado'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cortés Olivares |first1=Hernán F |title=El origen, producción y comercio del pisco chileno, 1546–1931 |trans-title=The origin, production and trade of Chilean pisco, 1546–1931 |language=es |journal=Universum |date=2005 |volume=20 |issue=2 |doi=10.4067/S0718-23762005000200005 |doi-access=free}}</ref>